scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ASTHMA IN BRAZILIAN ADOLESCENTS: NATIONAL ADOLESCENT SCHOOL-BASED HEALTH SURVEY (PENSE-2012)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-413
Author(s):  
Bianca Caroline Elias ◽  
Janiquelli Barbosa Silva ◽  
Laís Amaral Mais ◽  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
School Based

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on data from the 2012 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), a Brazilian survey applied by a self-reported questionnaire in a representative sample of 9th-grade students. Descriptive and inferential analysis was made based on the demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, food consumption and environmental characteristics potentially associated with asthma. Adolescents who presented wheezing in the last 12 months were considered asthmatic. A multiple logistic regression model was adjusted for confounding factors. Significance was defined as p≤0.05. Results: A total of 106,983 adolescents were studied. The prevalence of asthma was 23.2%. The final model was composed of 11 variables that were independently associated with asthma: female sex (OR=1.17), <14 years old (OR=1.12), not living with parents (OR=1.06), the highest number of days consuming ultra-processed foods (OR=1.16), lunch or dinner time without presence of parents or guardians (OR=1.13), meals in front of the TV or while studying (OR=1.18), not having breakfast frequently (OR=1.22), having smoked cigarettes (OR=1.36), having tried alcoholic beverage (OR=1.37), having used illicit drugs (OR=1.29) and having sought health care in the last year (OR=1.67). Conclusions: The results of the present study reinforce the multifactorial characteristic of asthma diagnosis. Prevention and control strategies should focus on groups of adolescents living in inadequate conditions when it comes to family dynamics, food consumption and behavior (drug use).

scholarly journals Prevalence of asthma symptoms among adolescents in Brazil: National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Lima Barreto ◽  
Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽  
Marco Antonio Andreazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
International Study ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
School Based ◽  
High Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in Brazil, its Regions and State capitals, according to data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, 2012. Furthermore, it aims to compare the prevalence of asthma in the capitals evaluated by PeNSE 2012 with previous results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). METHODS: Cross sectional study of 9th grade students at public and private schools of all Brazilian states and the Federal District (Brasília). A self reported questionnaire containing items from the ISAAC was applied in order to identify the presence of asthma symptoms. RESULTS: The results of PeNSE indicate a high prevalence of asthma symptoms (23.2%) and of reports of a previous medical diagnosis of asthma (12.4%). Of the five state capitals in which the PeNSE results were compared to the ISAAC, São Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre presented an increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms. In Salvador, there was a reduction. CONCLUSION: Brazil is among the countries with the highest prevalence of asthma in the world, and the prevalence is still growing.

scholarly journals Do TV-viewing and frequency of ultra-processed food consumption share mediators in relation to adolescent anxiety-induced sleep disturbance?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
André O. Werneck ◽  
Erin Hoare ◽  
Danilo R. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Watching Tv

Abstract Objective: To investigate the role of potential shared mediators in the association of TV-viewing and frequency of ultra-processed food consumption with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Data from the Adolescent School-based Health Survey, a Brazilian nationally representative survey of 9th grade adolescents conducted in 2015 were used. Participants: 99,791 adolescents (52,015 girls) with a mean age of 14.3 years (range: 11–19 years) participated. All variables were collected through a self-reported questionnaire based on the Global School-based Student Health Survey. Anxiety-induced sleep disturbance was the outcome. More than 4h/day of TV-viewing and daily consumption of ultra-processed foods were the exposures. Body satisfaction, loneliness, self-rated health and eating while watching TV or studying were mediators. Age, ethnicity, food insecurity, type of city (capital or interior), country region, and physical activity were covariates. Logistic regression and mediation models (Karlsson-Holm-Breen method) assessed associations. Results: Both daily ultra-processed food consumption [boys:OR:1.48(95%CI:1.30-1.70); girls:1.46(1.34-1.60)] and TV-viewing [boys:1.24(1.08-1.43); girls:1.09(1.00-1.19)] were associated with higher odds for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Loneliness and eating while watching TV or studying consistently mediated the association of both daily ultra-processed food consumption (loneliness: boys: 17.4%, girls: 23.4%; eat while watching TV or studying: girls: 6.8%) and TV-viewing (loneliness: boys: 22.9%, girls: 45.8%; eat while watching TV or studying: boys: 6.7%, girls: 17.9%) with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Conclusions: Daily ultra-processed food consumption and TV-viewing share mediators and can act in synergic mechanisms in the association with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Therefore, future interventions should focus in the reduction of both behaviors in combination.

scholarly journals Smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia: findings from a national school-based survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang Hock Lim ◽  
Sumarni Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Hui Li Lim ◽  
Kee Chee Cheong ◽  
Chien Huey Teh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
School Based ◽  
Susceptibility To Smoking ◽  
Smoking Susceptibility

ObjectiveThe identification of susceptible non-smoking adolescents is an essential step in reducing smoking initiation among adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary and secondary schools in Malaysia.Participants11 246 non-smoking school-going adolescents.Outcome measuresThe prevalence and factors associated with smoking susceptibility among non-smoking school-going adolescents in Malaysia.ResultsApproximately 14% of non-smokers were susceptible to smoking, and the prevalence of susceptibility was significantly higher among males, ever-smokers and e-cigarette users. The odds of susceptibility to smoking were higher among males, e-cigarette users, those aged 12 years and under and those who had ever smoked or tried cigarettes. Students from schools with educational programmes on the health effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) and who perceived smoking to be harmful were less likely to be susceptible to smoking.ConclusionSmoking susceptibility is prevalent among school-going adolescents. A comprehensive approach that enhances or reinforces health education programmes on the adverse health effects of smoking and SHS among school children, that considers multiple factors and that involves all stakeholders is urgently needed to reduce the prevalence of smoking susceptibility among vulnerable subgroups, as identified from the present findings.

scholarly journals Labor in early life, vulnerability for health in Brazilian schoolchildren: National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Giatti ◽  
Maryane Oliveira Campos ◽  
Claudio Dutra Crespo ◽  
Silvania Suely Caribé de Araújo Andrade ◽  
Sandhi Maria Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
School Based ◽  
Sleeping Problems ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Superior Education

OBJECTIVE: This study describes exposure labor among Brazilian 9th grade students from public and private schools and investigates socio-demographic characteristics, behaviors, violent situations and psychosocial factors associated with labor among adolescents. METHODS: The present study included 108,984 students from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey carried out in 2012. Variables were grouped into sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral factors, violent situations and psychosocial aspects. Associations between labor and several health risk variables were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for sex and age. RESULTS: Approximately 13% of the students reported having a job: 17.4% of them were male. The chance of working was lower between females and individuals whose fathers' have incomplete superior education. Students who worked had greater chances to smoke (OR = 2.26; 95%CI 2.04 - 2.51), drink alcohol, use illicit drugs (OR = 2.63; 95%CI 2.29 - 3.02), drive motorized vehicles (OR = 2.15; 95%CI 2.03 2.27), have sexual intercourse (OR = 2.10; 95%CI 1.99 - 2.24), suffer physical violence (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.46 1.68), engage in fights (OR = 1.65; 95%CI 1.55 - 1.76), feel lonely (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.17 - 1.36) and report sleeping problems (OR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.34 - 1.60). They also have lower chances of having close friends (OR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.68 - 0.90). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of labor among students is high. Socioeconomical disadvantages increase the chances of early working. Early working is also associated to health damaging behavior, violent situations, sleeping problems, and social isolation. Adolescents who study and work experiment expositions that may affect distinct health dimensions and perpetuate disadvantages over lifetime.

scholarly journals Factors associated with injuries in adolescents, from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Rogério Ruscitto do Prado ◽  
Silvania Suely Andrade Caribe ◽  
Marta Maria Alves da Silva ◽  
Marco Antonio Ratzsch de Andreazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Based

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of injuries among teenagers and to examine the associated risk factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, risk behaviors, family ties and other factors. METHOD: The prevalence of the outcome (injury) was estimated with a 95%confidence interval. In order to verify factors associated with the injury, a bivariate analysis was made with estimated odds ratio (OR) and its respective confidence intervals. Then, a multivariate analysis was carried out, only with variables whose descriptive level was equal to or lower than 5% (p < 0.05) remaining in the model. RESULTS: The study of injury in adolescents, based on the data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), pointed out that 10.3% of the teenagers suffered severe injuries in the past 12 months, such as cuts or perforations, broken bones or dislocated joints. The following variables remained independently associated with "suffering severe injuries": being a male teenager; black, mulatto or indigenous race/color and working. Factors related to family ties are significant when the relations are fragile amongst members: adolescents that are injured the most are the ones who suffer most aggressions at home, who skip classes without notifying their parents, those who do not live with their parents and have low family control. The most relevant aspects of mental health are insomnia and loneliness. The factors associated to the exposure to situations of violence that remained in the model were: insecurity in school and in the route home-school; getting a ride with someone inebriated; drinking and driving motorized vehicles; not wearing the seatbelt; not wearing a helmet and being bullied. Among the factors of individual behavior, the following can be emphasized: use of alcohol, cigarettes, trying illicit drugs and early sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the determinants for suffering injuries in childhood and adolescence shows the complex relationship between associated factors, which points to the need for action towards several aspects to reduce social inequalities, strengthen family ties and prevent violent contexts and individual risk factors.

scholarly journals Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in children of a rural community part of a school-based deworming program: a cross-sectional study in the Peruvian Amazon

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato A. Errea ◽  
George Vasquez-Rios ◽  
María L. Calderon ◽  
Diego Siu ◽  
Kevin R. Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Based

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren in the Peruvian Amazon basin are at risk of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of STH (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis) in children from a rural community in the Peruvian Amazon and associated clinical, maternal, sanitation and hygiene factors associated. The community had an active school-based deworming program with mebendazole.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in children aged 2–14 years in Iquitos, Peru; by parasitological analysis of their stools through five methods: direct smear examination, Kato-Katz, spontaneous sedimentation in tube, Baermann method modified by Lumbreras and agar plate culture. Mothers of the participating children were also invited to participate in the study. A questionnaire was completed by each participant to collect demographic and epidemiological information of interest.ResultsAmong 124 children, 25.8% (32/124) had one or more STH. Prevalence of A. lumbricoides was 16.1% (20/124); S. stercoralis, 10.5% (13/124); hookworm, 1.6% (2/124) and T. trichiura, 1.6% (2/124). STH in mothers was higher in children with any STH than in children without any STH (36.4% vs 14.1%, p<0.02). Prevalence of the common STH (A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm) was higher in children aged 2–5 than in older children (31.6% vs 12.8%; p=0.01). Several hygiene and sanitation deficits were identified; of which walking barefoot was significantly associated with STH infection (OR= 3.28; 95% CI= 1.11–12.07).ConclusionsSTH are highly prevalent in children in this community; A. lumbricoides and S. stercoralis infections were the most frequent. Further studies should aim to understand the persistent high prevalence of common STH in endemic areas where massive drug administration is practiced, and to determine the appropriateness of controlling STH in mothers and S. stercoralis infection. Walking barefoot and other hygiene and sanitation conditions need to be addressed in this community.AUTHOR SUMMARYFew studies assessing soil-transmitted helminth infections in children and their risk factors have yet been conducted in the Peruvian Amazon. Even fewer reports exist from areas where mass drug administration programs have been initiated. In this study we provide insight to the frequency of soil-transmitted helminths in a setting with an ongoing school-based deworming program.Besides the most common soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm), we assessed the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis. Excluding the latter from intestinal helminths studies have often underestimate its frequency and impact in children.We also surveyed for helminth infection in the mothers of the participating children as infection in caregivers could theoretically be associated with infection in children as they both may share same environmental and behavioral factors associated with STH infections. To our knowledge, this is the first Peruvian study assessing children and mother infection together.In addition, our results highlight the suboptimal hygiene and sanitation conditions in which people from this rural community live. It likely represents the situation of other rural Amazonian communities in Peru. Public efforts are needed to provide these populations with dignified living conditions and to follow the equity global health agenda.

scholarly journals Prevalence of myopia and high myopia, and the association with education: Shanghai Child and Adolescent Large-scale Eye Study (SCALE): a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048450
Author(s):  
Xiangui He ◽  
Padmaja Sankaridurg ◽  
Shuyu Xiong ◽  
Wayne Li ◽  
Thomas Naduvilath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Myopia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo report on: (a) overall myopia and high myopia prevalence, and (b) the impact of education on the spherical equivalent refractive error in children across Shanghai.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAcross all 17 districts of Shanghai.Participants910 245 children aged 4–14 years from a school-based survey conducted between 2012 and 2013.Main outcome measuresData of children with non-cycloplegic autorefraction, visual acuity assessment and questionnaire were analysed (67%, n=6 06 476). Prevalence of myopia (≤−1.0 D) and high myopia (≤−5.0 D) was determined. We used a regression discontinuity design to determine the impact of school entry cut-off date (1 September) by comparing refractive errors at each age, for children born pre-September to post-1 September, and performed a multivariate analysis to explore risk factors associated with myopia. Data analysis was performed in 2017–2018.ResultsPrevalence rates of myopia and high myopia were 32.9% (95% CI: 32.8% to 33.1%) and 4.2% (95% CI: 4.1% to 4.2%), respectively. From 6 years of age onwards, children born pre-September were more myopic compared with those born post-1 September (ahead in school by 1 year, discontinuity at 6 years: −0.19 D (95% CI: −0.09 to −0.30 D); 14 years: −0.67 D (95% CI: −0.21 to −1.14 D)).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that myopia is associated with education, that is primarily focused on near-based activities. Efforts to reduce the burden should be directed to public awareness, reform of education and health systems.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption among Brazilian Adolescents according to the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Isis Eloah Machado ◽  
Denise Lopes Porto ◽  
Marta Maria Alves da Silva ◽  
Paula Carvalho de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
School Based ◽  
Brazilian Students

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Brazilian students and identify the sociodemographic factors associated alcohol consumption in the last 30 days. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a cluster sample of 109,104 9th grade students in Brazilian public and private schools in 2012. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of the indicators of alcohol consumption were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the students analyzed, 50.3% (95%CI 49.0 - 51.6) experimented one dose of alcoholic beverages or more. The consumption of alcohol in the last 30 days was 26.1% (95%CI 24.5 - 27.7), and there was no difference in prevalence between students from public and private schools. Drunkenness episodes were reported by 21.8% (95%CI 21.1 - 22.5) of the students. The perception of students about the negative reaction of their family if they came home drunk occurred in 89,7% (95%CI 89,6 - 89,9) of cases, and 10% (95%CI 8.9 - 11.1) of them reported having problems with their families or friends because they had been drinking. Among adolescents aged less than 14 years old, the first alcoholic drink intake was predominantly at 12 to 13 years old. The most common way to get a drink was at parties, with friends, buying in them in supermarkets, stores or bars and at home. The consumption of alcohol in the last 30 days was less frequent among boys, increasing with age. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the extension of alcohol as a problem, making it important to advance in measures such as the improvement of protective legislation for children and adolescents and stricter enforcement in alcohol sales.

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