scholarly journals A protocol for a systematic review of process evaluations of interventions investigating sedentary behaviour in adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e031291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekesh Corepal ◽  
Jessica Faye Hall ◽  
Coralie English ◽  
Amanda Farrin ◽  
Claire F Fitzsimons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Staff Experiences ◽  
Process Evaluations

IntroductionSedentary behaviour is defined as any waking behaviour characterised by low energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents while in a sitting, lying or reclining posture. The expanding evidence base suggests that sedentary behaviour may have a detrimental effect on health, well-being and is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. We aim to review process evaluations of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which included a measure of sedentary behaviour in adults in order to develop an understanding of intervention content, mechanisms of impact, implementation and delivery approaches and contexts, in which interventions were reported to be effective or effective. A secondary aim is to summarise participants, family and staff experiences of such interventions.Methods and analysisTen electronic databases and reference lists from previous similar reviews will be searched. Eligible studies will be process evaluations of RCTs that measure sedentary behaviour as a primary or secondary outcome in adults. As this review will contribute to a programme to develop a community-based intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors, interventions delivered in schools, colleges, universities or workplaces will be excluded. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Disagreements between reviewers will be resolved by a third reviewer. Process evaluation data to be extracted include the aims and methods used in the process evaluation; implementation data; mechanisms of impact; contextual factors; participant, family and staff experiences of the interventions. A narrative approach will be used to synthesise and report qualitative and quantitative data. Reporting of the review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018087403.

scholarly journals The Perinatal Mental Health of Indigenous Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 070674371987702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawayra Owais ◽  
Mateusz Faltyn ◽  
Ashley V. D. Johnson ◽  
Chelsea Gabel ◽  
Bernice Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Perinatal Mental Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: Although Indigenous women are exposed to high rates of risk factors for perinatal mental health problems, the magnitude of their risk is not known. This lack of data impedes the development of appropriate screening and treatment protocols, as well as the proper allocation of resources for Indigenous women. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare rates of perinatal mental health problems among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women. Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science from their inceptions until February 2019. Studies were included if they assessed mental health in Indigenous women during pregnancy and/or up to 12 months postpartum. Results: Twenty-six articles met study inclusion criteria and 21 were eligible for meta-analysis. Indigenous identity was associated with higher odds of mental health problems (odds ratio [ OR] 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 2.11). Odds were higher still when analyses were restricted to problems of greater severity ( OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.16) and young Indigenous women ( OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.28). Conclusion: Indigenous women are at increased risk of mental health problems during the perinatal period, particularly depression, anxiety, and substance misuse. However, resiliency among Indigenous women, cultural teachings, and methodological issues may be affecting estimates. Future research should utilize more representative samples, adapt and validate diagnostic and symptom measures for Indigenous groups, and engage Indigenous actors, leaders, and related allies to help improve the accuracy of estimates, as well as the well-being of Indigenous mothers, their families, and future generations. Trial Registration: PROSPERO-CRD42018108638.

scholarly journals A systematic review of blood biomarkers with individual participant data meta-analysis of matrix-metalloproteinase-7 in IPF

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101612
Author(s):  
Fasihul A. Khan ◽  
Iain Stewart ◽  
Gauri Saini ◽  
Karen A. Robinson ◽  
R. Gisli Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Poor Outcomes

BackgroundBlood derived biomarkers have been extensively described as potential prognostic markers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but studies have been limited by analyses using data-dependent thresholds, inconsistent adjustment for confounders and an array of endpoints, thus often yielding ungeneralisable results. Meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) is a powerful tool to overcome these limitations. Through systematic review of blood derived biomarkers, sufficient studies with measurements of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) were identified to facilitate standardised analyses of the prognostic potential of this biomarker in IPF.MethodsElectronic databases were searched on 12th November 2020 to identify prospective studies reporting outcomes in patients with untreated IPF, stratified according to at least one pre-specified biomarker, measured at either baseline, or change over three months. Individual participant data (IPD) was sought for studies investigating MMP-7 as a prognostic factor. The primary outcome was overall mortality according to standardised MMP-7 z-scores, with a secondary outcome of disease progression in 12 months, all adjusted for age, gender, smoking and baseline FVC.ResultsIPD was available for nine studies out of twelve identified, reporting outcomes from 1664 participants. Baseline MMP-7 levels were associated with increased mortality risk (adjusted HR1.23, 95%CI 1.03;1.48, I2=64.3%) and disease progression (adjusted OR1.27, 95%CI 1.11;1.46, I2=5.9%). In limited studies, three-month change in MMP-7 was not associated with outcomes.ConclusionIPD meta-analysis demonstrated greater baseline MMP-7 levels were independently associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes in patients with untreated IPF, whilst short term changes did not reflect disease progression.

Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Iguacel ◽  
Inge Huybrechts ◽  
Luis A Moreno ◽  
Nathalie Michels
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

Abstract Context Vegetarian and vegan diets are increasing in popularity. Although they provide beneficial health effects, they may also lead to nutritional deficiencies. Cognitive impairment and mental health disorders have a high economic burden. Objective A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between vegan or vegetarian diets and cognitive and mental health. Data Sources PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Proquest databases were examined from inception to July 2018. Study Selection Original observational or interventional human studies of vegan/vegetarian diets were selected independently by 2 authors. Data Extraction Raw means and standard deviations were used as continuous outcomes, while numbers of events were used as categorical outcomes. Results Of 1249 publications identified, 13 were included, with 17 809 individuals in total. No significant association was found between diet and the continuous depression score, stress, well-being, or cognitive impairment. Vegans/vegetarians were at increased risk for depression (odds ratio = 2.142; 95%CI, 1.105–4.148) and had lower anxiety scores (mean difference = −0.847; 95%CI, −1.677 to −0.018). Heterogeneity was large, and thus subgroup analyses showed numerous differences. Conclusions Vegan or vegetarian diets were related to a higher risk of depression and lower anxiety scores, but no differences for other outcomes were found. Subgroup analyses of anxiety showed a higher risk of anxiety, mainly in participants under 26 years of age and in studies with a higher quality. More studies with better overall quality are needed to make clear positive or negative associations. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018097204

scholarly journals Outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasty in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane C. O'Neill ◽  
Joseph M. Queally ◽  
Anne Hickey ◽  
Kevin J. Mulhall
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hip And Knee Arthroplasty

Significant advances in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have occurred in recent times, with life expectancy now approaching the normal population. Therefore, patients with HIV will increasingly be undergoing joint replacement in the future, however concerns remain regarding the complications and outcome in this patient cohort. The aim was to assess the outcome of total hip and knee arthroplasty in HIV-infected patients. A systematic search of the literature using MOOSE reporting guidelines was performed to assess the outcome of hip and knee arthroplasty in HIV-infected patients. The primary outcome was infection. Secondary outcome was all-cause revision. The search yielded 552 results, of which 19 met the inclusion criteria, comprising 5.819.412 joint replacements. The overall quality of the studies was poor with significant heterogeneity between the studies. Infection and revision appeared to be more likely to occur in HIV positive patients compared to HIV negative patients. A subgroup analysis of four studies revealed a risk ratio of 3.31 and 2.25 for increase in infection and revision respectively in HIV positive patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates an increased risk of infection and revision in HIV infected patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty. However, these findings are based on poor quality evidence in a limited number of studies and need to be interpreted with caution. Further research should concentrate on large, well-designed, prospective studies, that control for co-morbidities and employ standardised outcome measures to allow for direct comparison.

scholarly journals Occupational Stress, Burnout, and Depression in Women in Healthcare During COVID-19 Pandemic: Rapid Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abi Sriharan ◽  
Savithiri Ratnapalan ◽  
Andrea C. Tricco ◽  
Doina Lupea ◽  
Ana Patricia Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Objectives: The overall objectives of this rapid scoping review are to (a) identify the common triggers of stress, burnout, and depression faced by women in health care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (b) explore individual-, organizational-, and systems-level interventions that can support the well-being of women HCWs during a pandemic.Design: This scoping review is registered on Open Science Framework (OSF) and was guided by the JBI guide to scoping reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension to scoping reviews. A systematic search of literature databases (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and ERIC) was conducted from inception until June 12, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria.Interventions: We included review articles and primary studies that reported on stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs; that primarily focused on women; and that included the percentage or number of women included. All English language studies from any geographical setting where COVID-19 has affected the population were reviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measures: Studies reporting on mental health outcomes (e.g., stress, burnout, and depression in HCWs), interventions to support mental health well-being were included.Results: Of the 2,803 papers found, 28 were included. The triggers of stress, burnout and depression are grouped under individual-, organizational-, and systems-level factors. There is a limited amount of evidence on effective interventions that prevents anxiety, stress, burnout and depression during a pandemic.Conclusions: Our preliminary findings show that women HCWs are at increased risk for stress, burnout, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. These negative outcomes are triggered by individual level factors such as lack of social support; family status; organizational factors such as access to personal protective equipment or high workload; and systems-level factors such as prevalence of COVID-19, rapidly changing public health guidelines, and a lack of recognition at work.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of psychological interventions with adoptive parents on adopted children and adolescents’ outcomes: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorcha Ní Chobhthaigh ◽  
Fiona Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk

Adopted children and adolescents are at an increased risk of experiencing emotional, behavioural and relational difficulties compared to their non-adopted peers. This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of interventions with adoptive parents on adopted children and adolescents’ psychological well-being, behavioural functioning and parent–child relationship. A systematic search was performed adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), including studies that assessed the effects of interventions with adoptive parents on adopted child and adolescent outcomes. Electronic databases, key journals, grey literature sources, reference and citation lists were searched and published authors in the field were contacted; 19 papers describing 15 interventions were included. The findings from this review provide preliminary support for the use of interventions with adoptive parents for improving adopted children’s emotional and behavioural outcomes. However, overall, the studies were found to have a high risk of bias, and the significant heterogeneity across the studies limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Further research is required to provide conclusive recommendations regarding the effectiveness of interventions with adoptive parents on the outcomes of adopted children.

scholarly journals The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Dioguardi ◽  
Giovanni Di Gioia ◽  
Giorgia Apollonia Caloro ◽  
Giorgia Capocasale ◽  
Khrystyna Zhurakivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Alzheimer’s disease is classified as a neurodegenerative condition, a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by the slow and progressive loss of one or more functions of the nervous system. Its incidence tends to increase gradually from 65 years of age, up to a prevalence of 4% at age 75. The loss of dental elements is more prevalent in this population and might negatively affect the masticatory capacity, quality of life, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigated problems related to oral health and the loss of dental elements in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and considered whether local inflammatory processes could affect the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify a link between the causes leading to tooth loss and the onset/progression of Alzheimer’s disease. We also studied whether there is a higher incidence of tooth loss (primary outcome) and edentulism (secondary outcome) among Alzheimer’s patients. We searched records in electronic databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science using the following keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontal, Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontitis, dementia AND (periodontitis OR periodontal) “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss,” “dementia” AND “edentulous,” “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “edentulous,” “dementia” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss.” The records were screened, and after applying the eligibility and inclusion criteria, nine articles were left, six of which were analyzed for the primary outcome (loss of dental elements) and six for the secondary outcome (tooth loss). Results from this meta-analysis revealed that Alzheimer’s disease patients have an increased risk of dental loss (hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.30, p = 0.05) and edentulous condition (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.70–3.01, p < 0.001). A quantitative analysis of the included studies indicated that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by a greater number of lost dental elements and general edentulism compared to the control groups.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nutritional Education for Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 401-401
Author(s):  
Yue-Heng Yin ◽  
Liu Yat Justina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Education Interventions

Abstract Obesity has been shown to intensify the decline of physical function and lead to frailty. Nutrition is an important method in managing obesity and frailty, while seldom reviews have ever explored the effects of nutritional education interventions. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42019142403) to explore the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions in managing body composition and physio-psychosocial parameters related to frailty. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus from 2001 to 2019. Hand search for the reference lists of included papers was conducted as well. We assessed the quality of included studies by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were used to analyse the data. Two studies with low risk of bias were screened from 180 articles, which involved 177 older people with an average age of 69.69±4.08 years old. The results showed that nutritional education was significantly effective in reducing body weight and fat mass than exercises, and it was beneficial to enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. But the effects of nutritional education in increasing muscle strength were not better than exercises. The combined effects of nutritional education and exercises were superior than either exercises or nutritional education interventions solely in preventing the loss of lean mass and bone marrow density, and in improving physical function. Due to limited numbers of relevant studies, the strong evidence of effectiveness of nutritional education interventions on reversing frailty is still lacking.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Stroke risk following traumatic brain injury: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110042
Author(s):  
Grace Mary Turner ◽  
Christel McMullan ◽  
Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi ◽  
Danai Bem ◽  
Tom Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Aims To investigate the association between TBI and stroke risk. Summary of review We undertook a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 4th December 2020. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool hazard ratios (HR) for studies which reported stroke risk post-TBI compared to controls. Searches identified 10,501 records; 58 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. The review included a large sample size of 2,606,379 participants from four countries. Six studies included a non-TBI control group, all found TBI patients had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to controls (pooled HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.46-2.37). Findings suggest stroke risk may be highest in the first four months post-TBI, but remains significant up to five years post-TBI. TBI appears to be associated with increased stroke risk regardless of severity or subtype of TBI. There was some evidence to suggest an association between reduced stroke risk post-TBI and Vitamin K antagonists and statins, but increased stroke risk with certain classes of antidepressants. Conclusion TBI is an independent risk factor for stroke, regardless of TBI severity or type. Post-TBI review and management of risk factors for stroke may be warranted.

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