scholarly journals Isolated oral clefts and school grades: population-based cohort study from Norway

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e046944
Author(s):  
Miriam Gjerdevik ◽  
Rolv Terje Lie ◽  
Øystein Ariansen Haaland ◽  
Erik Berg ◽  
Kristin Billaud Feragen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
School Grades ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Using Data

ObjectiveTo compare school grades of adolescents in Norway born with isolated cleft with those of their unaffected peers.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingNorway.PatientsA total of 347 419 individuals born in Norway between 1986 and 1992, including 523 isolated cleft cases which were identified using data from Norway’s two treatment centres. Individuals were followed from birth through compulsory school.Main outcome measuresGrade point average (GPA) from middle school graduation (around the age of 16). Specific subject grades were also investigated.ResultsUsing a grade scale from 1–6, the observed mean GPA for the reference group was 3.99. Both cleft lip only (CLO) and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) had a mean GPA similar to the reference group (adjusted GPA differences from the reference with 95% CIs of 0.06 (−0.04 to 0.16) and −0.08 (−0.19 to 0.03), respectively). Cleft palate only (CPO) had a marginally lower GPA (adjusted GPA difference: −0.18 (−0.28 to −0.08)). These comparisons were consistent across specific subjects. Overall, the evidence suggests a larger difference in GPA between cases and controls in males compared with females. Females with CLO even had a higher estimated GPA than females in the reference group (adjusted GPA difference: 0.19 (0.013 to 0.36)). Grades were similar regardless of laterality of cleft lip (CLO or CLP).ConclusionIn Norway, individuals born with isolated CLO or CLP did not have lower average school grades when graduating from middle school. Individuals born with isolated CPO had marginally lower grades.

Birth Defect Co-Occurrence Patterns Among Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110100
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Navarro Sanchez ◽  
Renata H. Benjamin ◽  
Laura E. Mitchell ◽  
Peter H. Langlois ◽  
Mark A. Canfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Birth Defect ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Population Based Registry

Objective: To investigate 2- to 5-way patterns of defects co-occurring with orofacial clefts using data from a population-based registry. Design: We used data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry for deliveries between 1999 and 2014 to Texas residents, including 1884 cases with cleft palate (CP) and 5289 cases with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) without a known syndrome. We identified patterns of defects co-occurring with CP and with CL±P observed more frequently than would be expected if these defects occurred independently. We calculated adjusted observed-to-expected ( O/ E) ratios to account for the known tendency of birth defects to cluster nonspecifically. Results: Among infants without a syndrome, 23% with CP and 21% with CL±P had at least 1 additional congenital anomaly. Several combinations of defects were observed much more often than expected. For example, the combination of CL±P, congenital hydrocephaly, anophthalmia, and other nose anomalies had an O/ E ratio of 605. For both CP and CL±P, co-occurrence patterns with the highest O/ E ratios involved craniofacial and brain abnormalities, and many included the skeletal, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Conclusions: The patterns of defects we observed co-occurring with clefts more often than expected may help improve our understanding of the relationships between multiple defects. Further work to better understand some of the top defect combinations could reveal new phenotypic subgroups and increase our knowledge of the developmental mechanisms that underlie the respective defects.

Intelligibility in 3-Year-Olds With Cleft Lip and/or Palate Using the Intelligibility in Context Scale: Findings from the Cleft Collective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562098574
Author(s):  
Miriam Seifert ◽  
Amy Davies ◽  
Sam Harding ◽  
Sharynne McLeod ◽  
Yvonne Wren
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Outcomes Measurement ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
Comparison Data

Objective: To provide comparison data on the Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) for a sample of 3-year-old English-speaking children born with any cleft type. Design: Questionnaire data from the Cleft Collective Cohort Study were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to determine difference according to children’s cleft type and syndromic status. Participants: A total of 412 children born with cleft lip and/or palate whose mothers had completed the ICS when their child was 3 years old. Main Outcome Measure(s): Mothers’ rating of their children’s intelligibility using the ICS. Results: The average ICS score for the total sample was 3.75 ( sometimes-usually intelligible; standard deviation [SD] = 0.76, 95% CIs = 3.68-3.83) of a possible score of 5 ( always intelligible). Children’s speech was reported to be most intelligible to their mothers (mean = 4.33, SD = 0.61, 95% CIs = 4.27-4.39) and least intelligible to strangers (mean = 3.36, SD = 1.00, 95% CIs = 3.26-3.45). There was strong evidence ( P < .001) for a difference in intelligibility between children with cleft lip only (n = 104, mean = 4.13, SD = 0.62, 95% CIs = 4.01-4.25) and children with any form of cleft palate (n = 308, mean = 3.63, SD = 0.76, 95% CIs = 3.52-3.71). Children born with cleft palate with or without cleft lip and an identified syndrome were rated as less intelligible (n = 63, mean = 3.28, SD = 0.85, 95% CIs = 3.06-3.49) compared to children who did not have a syndrome (n = 245, mean = 3.72, SD = 0.71, 95% CIs = 3.63-3.81). Conclusions: These results provide preliminary comparative data for clinical services using the outcome measures recommended by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement.

scholarly journals The Association Between Pleural Empyema and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Younger Patients: A Retrospective National Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yuan Wang ◽  
Hsin-Hung Chen ◽  
Chun-Hung Su ◽  
Sheng-Pang Hsu ◽  
Chun-Wei Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background: To investigate the relationship between pleural empyema (PE) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Institute Research Database. Univariable and multivariable Cox's proportional hazard regressions were performed to investigate the association between PE and the risk of PAD. Kaplan–Meier method and the differences were assessed using a log-rank test.Results: The overall incidence of PAD was higher in the PE cohort than in the non-PE cohort (2.76 vs. 1.72 per 1,000 person-years) with a crude hazard ratio (HR) of 1.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41–1.83]. After adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidities, patients with PE were noted to be associated with an increased risk of PAD compared with those without PE [adjusted HR (aHR) = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03–1.35]. Regarding the age-specific comparison between the PE and non-PE cohorts, PAD was noted to be significantly high in the ≤ 49 years age group (aHR = 5.34, 95% CI = 2.34–10.1). The incidence of PAD was higher in the first 2 years, with an aHR of 1.35 (95% CI = 1.09–1.68) for patients with PE compared with those without PE.Conclusion: The risk of PAD was higher if patients with PE were younger than 49 years and within the 2-year diagnosis of PE.

Increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis among patients with endometriosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hao Xue ◽  
Liang-Tian You ◽  
Hsin-Fu Ting ◽  
Yu-Wen Chen ◽  
Zi-Yun Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Objectives Autoimmunity may play a role in endometriosis. The association between endometriosis and RA remains unknown. This study was conducted to identify any evidence for this relationship. Methods This 13-year, nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study analysed the risk of RA in a cohort of individuals with endometriosis. We investigated the incidence of RA among patients with endometriosis using data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000, which is maintained by the Taiwan National Health Research Institutes. We used propensity scores to match comorbidities in the two cohorts. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were employed to analyse the association between endometriosis and RA among patients with different potential risks. Results Patients with endometriosis [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.27, 2.41], aged ≥45 years (adjusted HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06–2.13) and with autoimmune disease (adjusted HR 6.99, 95% CI 2.84–17.21) had a significantly higher risk of RA. The analyses also showed that when stratified by age, comorbidities and medication use, the risk of RA in patients with endometriosis was also higher than in those without endometriosis. Conclusions This 14-year, nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study revealed that patients with endometriosis have a higher risk of RA. In the clinical management of patients with RA, rheumatologists should be especially mindful of the possibility of underlying endometriosis.

scholarly journals PAX9 and TGFB3 are linked to susceptibility to nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Japanese: population-based and family-based candidate gene analyses

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisaburo Ichikawa ◽  
Akira Watanabe ◽  
Yoko Nakano ◽  
Sadanori Akita ◽  
Akiyoshi Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Family Based

Markedly Reduced Risk of Internal Malignancies in Patients With Vitiligo: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Min Bae ◽  
Kee Yang Chung ◽  
Sook Jung Yun ◽  
Heesu Kim ◽  
Byung Cheol Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frequency Matching ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Reduced Risk

PURPOSE Recent studies indicated that the autoimmunity of vitiligo exerts effects on cells other than melanocytes, which confer reduced risks of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients with vitiligo. However, the risk of internal malignancy in patients with vitiligo has not been elucidated. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database obtained from January 2007 to December 2016. All patients age 20 years or older with vitiligo who had at least two contacts with a physician from 2009 to 2016, during which a principal diagnosis was made, were identified (vitiligo group). Controls were randomly selected (two per patient with vitiligo) after frequency matching with the vitiligo group for age and sex during the same period (control group). RESULTS A total of 101,078 patients with vitiligo and 202,156 controls without vitiligo were included. The incidence rates of internal malignancies were 612.9 and 708.9 per 100,000 person-years in the vitiligo and control groups, respectively. Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly reduced risk of overall internal malignancies (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.89; P < .001) compared with controls without vitiligo after adjustments for age, sex, and comorbidities. With regard to organ-specific malignancies, patients with vitiligo showed a remarkably decreased risk of cancer in the colon and rectum (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.69; P < .001), ovary (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.83; P < .001), and lung (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.86; P < .001). CONCLUSION Vitiligo was associated with a reduced risk of overall internal malignancies. These findings suggest that autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, may provide immune surveillance for the development of cancer beyond the targeted organ.

scholarly journals Burn injury, gender and cancer risk: population-based cohort study using data from Scotland and Western Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e003845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine M Duke ◽  
Jacqui Bauer ◽  
Mark W Fear ◽  
Suzanne Rea ◽  
Fiona M Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Using Data

Academic Achievement in Individuals with Cleft: A Population-Based Register Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Persson ◽  
Magnus Becker ◽  
Henry Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Compulsory School ◽  
Grade Point

Objective The focus of this study was to determine whether there were any significant differences in academic achievement between students with a cleft and the general population of Swedish students at the typical time of graduation from compulsory school (usually 16 years of age). Design A retrospective population-based study. Data were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register for the years 1973 through 1986 and were linked to the Swedish School–Grade Register. Participants A total of 511 individuals with cleft palate (CP), 651 individuals with cleft lip (CL), and 830 individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) were compared with a control group consisting of 1,249,404 individuals. Main Outcome Measures (1) Not receiving school leaving certificate; (2) odds of receiving lowest grade and reduced odds of receiving a high grade in the following subjects: (a) Mathematics, (b) English, (c) Swedish, (d) Physical Education, and (e) grade point average (GPA). Results The group with cleft had higher odds of not receiving leaving certificates in comparison with the general population. They also had higher odds of receiving the lowest grade and/or reduced odds of receiving a high grade in the subjects analyzed together, with strong evidence of lower GPA in comparison with the general population. Individuals with CP were affected the most, followed by individuals with CLP; least affected were individuals with CL. Conclusion This study clearly indicates that adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate in Sweden experience significant deficits in their educational achievements in compulsory school.

Population-Based Study on the Practice of Breastfeeding in Children Born with Cleft Lip and Palate

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia W. Garcez ◽  
Elsa R. J. Giugliani
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Population Based Study

Objective To investigate the practice of breastfeeding and related difficulties in children born in Porto Alegre, Brazil, with cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate. Design Cohort, observational, and population-based study. Population and Sample Mothers of all children born in 2001 and 2002 with cleft lip and palate in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil (n = 31), were interviewed in their homes. From the information collected, the frequencies of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in the first year of life were estimated and the median duration was computed according to the type of cleft. A descriptive analysis was used to study the difficulties. Main Indicators Initiation rate, pattern, duration, and difficulties of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Results The initiation rate of breastfeeding was 100% and its median duration was 42.5 days. Exclusive breastfeeding was initiated by 67.7% of the sample and maintained for 15 days (median). The breastfeeding duration was significantly higher in the presence of cleft lip, being equal or even superior to (in the case of exclusive breastfeeding) the median of Porto Alegre's general population. The most frequently mentioned difficulties were weak suction, difficulty attaching to the breast, and breast milk escaping through the nostrils. Conclusions In spite of the diverse difficulties reported and the lack of professional support after discharge from the maternity wards, the initiation rate and the duration of breastfeeding of children with cleft lip and palate found in this study reinforce the theory that this malformation, especially cleft lip, is compatible with successful breastfeeding.

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