scholarly journals Case–control study on clinical characteristics of child and adolescent psychiatric outpatients with child-to-parent violence

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e048222
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Sasaki ◽  
Masahide Usami ◽  
Shoko Sasaki ◽  
Hikaru Sunakawa ◽  
Yusuke Toguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesTo the best of our knowledge, no case–control study on child and adolescent psychiatric outpatients has investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with child-to-parent violence (CPV). The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of child and adolescent psychiatric patients with CPV.Setting and participantsThis research included child and adolescent psychiatric patients who were aged 10–15 years during their initial consultation. The participants were allocated to one of two groups: children with CPV (CPV group, n=109) and without CPV (non-CPV group, n=713).Outcome measuresThis study analysed data including age, sex, diagnostic classification of the primary diagnosis, antisocial behaviour, suicidal attempt or self-harm and refusal to attend school. Moreover, a history of abuse by parents was investigated. Psychological rating scales such as the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, Tokyo Autistic Behavior Scale, Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale and Oppositional Defiant Behavior Inventory were used.ResultsOf 822 patients who sought consultation in our department, 109 (13.26%) were included in the CPV group during the first consultation. Compared with the non-CPV group, the CPV group had significantly higher proportions of patients who experienced physical abuse, psychological abuse and who witnessed violence between parents. Meanwhile, the proportion of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders was significantly higher in the CPV group than in the non-CPV group. Regarding developmental characteristics, impulsivity might be correlated with CPV. Moreover, violence and behavioural problems outside of home were associated with CPV.ConclusionsIn patients with CPV who sought consultation, the findings of the current study should be considered to understand invisible side and to facilitate the use of appropriate treatment approaches. However, a prospective study should be performed to investigate the causality between CPV and clinical characteristics.

Association between Skin Type and Idiopathic Hirsutism: A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3424-3426
Author(s):  
Aashi ahmed ◽  
Aqsa Naheed ◽  
Zahra Babar ◽  
Javeria Hafeez ◽  
Tehseen Naveed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Idiopathic Hirsutism ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

Background: Hirsutism is a medical condition characterized by presence of excessive terminal (coarse) hair among females in androgen-dependent areas. psychological well-being of females is negatively influenced by hirsutism. Poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of hirsutism. However, hirsutism is found to exist without any underlying cause and is known as idiopathic hirsutism (IH). Studies have shown correlation between skin type and hirsutism among PCOS cohorts; however, no such relationship is known to exist between skin type and idiopathic hirsutism. Objective: To determine association between skin type and idiopathic hirsutism. Study Design: Case control study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st March 2019 to 29th February 2020. Methodology: 118 cases and 133 controls were included in study after informed consent. Skin type was determined by Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) rating scale ranging from I to IV. Modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) visual four-point scale was used to quantify hirsutism into mild, moderate and severe. Results: Mean age of cases and controls was 31.01±9.5 years and 28.01±9.7 years respectively. Seventy four (62.7%) of cases and 88 (66.2%) controls had type III skin type. Eighty (67.8%) had mild (8-15) hirsutism. Statistically insignificant (P<0.05) association was found to exist between skin type and idiopathic hirsutism and severity of hirsutism. However, a statistically significant {P<0.05) association existed between hirsutism and BMI. Conclusion: Idiopathic hirsutism is found to have no association with skin type III or IV among Caucasians. However, this finding needs further investigation involving diverse population including representation from all skin types (I and II) Key Words: Idiopathic hirsutism, Skin types, PCOS, Hyperandrogenemia

scholarly journals Clinical and Genetic Factors Associated with Resistance to Treatment in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Hajj ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
Saria Sahyoun ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Jocelyne Azar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistance To Treatment ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: To assess clinical and genetic factors affecting response to treatment in a sample of patients with schizophrenia (treatment-resistant patients versus treatment responders). We also aimed at examining if these factors are different when we consider two different resistance classifications (the positive and negative syndrome scale, PANSS and the brief psychiatric rating scale, BPRS). Material and Methods: A case-control study included treatment-resistant patients and good responders. Patients were stratified in two groups based on the established criteria for treatment-resistant schizophrenia using BPRS and PANSS. The study was approved by the ethical committees (references: CEHDF1017; HPC-017-2017) and all patients/legal representatives gave their written consent. Clinical factors were assessed. DNA was obtained using a buccal swab and genotyping for OPRM1, COMT, DRD2 et MTHFR genes using the Lightcycler® (Roche). Results: Some discrepancies between the BPRS and PANSS definitions were noted in our study when assessing the patients’ psychopathological symptoms and response to treatment. The multivariable analysis, taking the presence versus absence of treatment resistance as the dependent variable, showed that that family history of schizophrenia, university studies, time since the beginning of treatment and chlorpromazine equivalent dose as well as the COMT gene are associated with resistance to treatment. In addition, a gender-related difference was noted for COMT SNP; men with at least one Met allele were more prone to be resistant to treatment than Val/Val patients. Conclusion: Uncovering the clinical and genetic factors associated with resistance to treatment could help us better treat our schizophrenic patients in a concept of personalized medicine.

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