scholarly journals Does the sampling instrument influence corneal culture outcome in patients with infectious keratitis? A retrospective study comparing cotton tipped applicator with knife blade

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000363
Author(s):  
Susanna Sagerfors ◽  
Birgitta Ejdervik-Lindblad ◽  
Bo Söderquist
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Knife Blade ◽  
Corneal Culture

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of a cotton tipped applicator and a knife blade in obtaining corneal samples in patients with infectious keratitis.Methods and analysisThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected infectious keratitis during 2004–2014. Samples for corneal culture were obtained by a cotton tipped applicator and a knife blade, and directly inoculated on GC agar, blood agar and Sabouraud agar.ResultsIn all, 355 patients were included. Corneal sampling by cotton tipped applicator yielded a significantly higher rate of patients with positive corneal culture, 156/355 (43.9%), compared with knife blade, 111/355 (31.3%) (p<0.001). On a patient level, the culture results obtained by the cotton tipped applicator and the knife blade were identical in 269/355 (76%) of the patients. The overall agreement between the two instruments on microbial level was 0.66 (Cohen’s kappa 95% CI 0.60 to 0.72).ConclusionCorneal sampling by cotton tipped applicator generated a higher rate of positive corneal cultures and a higher proportion of isolated microbes than by knife blade. Future studies with randomised sampling order are needed to establish which instrument, cotton tipped applicator or knife blade, is the most effective in sampling microbes for direct inoculation in patients with infectious keratitis.

Infections in Patients Colonized With Extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Vock ◽  
Lisandra Aguilar-Bultet ◽  
Adrian Egli ◽  
Pranita D Tamma ◽  
Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Empiric Treatment ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Abstract We investigated relative proportions of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) versus non-ESBL-PE (nESBL-PE) infections in ESBL-PE colonized patients. ESBL-PE are not causative for the majority of infections in hospitalized patients colonized with ESBL-PE. Site of infection and patient-level exposures may be useful predictors of nESBL-PE infections, potentially guiding empiric treatment recommendations.

scholarly journals Dropout predictors at gyms: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gledson Tavares Amorim Oliveira ◽  
Lucas Camilo Pereira ◽  
Maristela Linhares ◽  
Lídia Reniê Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Training Frequency ◽  
Contract Length ◽  
Dropout Predictors

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the risk factors associated with gym regulars’ dropout over 12 months. This is an observational, retrospective, cohort study. The sample consisted of two gyms (Gym 1: n=2027, age=39.1 ±13.1 years; Gym 2: n=1775, age=36.8 ±11.6 years). Each participant was followed up for 12 months, or until dropout, by controlling the biometric entry system using a turnstile. The adherence rate was of 11% at Gym 1 and 19% at Gym 2. At both gyms, training frequency ≤3x/month and 4-6x/month was associated with dropout. At gym 1, being a female, aged ≥43 years, and enrollment between October and December were dropout predictors. At Gym 2, dropout was associated with contract length ≤31 days and 32-186 days and enrollment between April and December.

scholarly journals Corneal Culture in Infectious Keratitis: Effect of the Inoculation Method and Media on the Corneal Culture Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Susanna Sagerfors ◽  
Chrysoula Karakoida ◽  
Martin Sundqvist ◽  
Birgitta Ejdervik Lindblad ◽  
Bo Söderquist
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Multiple Sampling ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Corneal Sample ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Corneal Culture

Background: To compare two different methods of corneal culture in infectious keratitis: multiple sampling for direct inoculation and enrichment (standard method) and a single sample via transport medium for indirect inoculation (indirect inoculation method). Methods: Prospective inclusion of patients fulfilling predefined criteria of infectious keratitis undergoing corneal culture according to both studied methods in a randomized order. Results: The standard method resulted in a significantly higher proportion of positive culture outcomes among the 94 included episodes of infectious keratitis (61%; 57/94) than the indirect inoculation method (44%; 41/94) (p = 0.002) and a significantly higher proportion of microorganisms than the indirect inoculation method, with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28–0.49) for agreement between the methods. Subanalysis of culture results showed that direct inoculation on gonococcal agar only combined with the indirect inoculation method resulted in a similar rate of culture positive patients and proportion of detected microorganisms to the standard method. Conclusion: Indirect inoculation of one corneal sample cannot replace direct inoculation of multiple corneal samples without loss of information. A combination of directly and indirectly inoculated samples can reduce the number of corneal samples by four without statistically significant differences in culture outcome or in the proportion of detected microorganisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Methylprednisolone on Inflammation and Coagulation in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 117727192110216
Author(s):  
Katja Tromp ◽  
Philip van der Zee ◽  
Casper Rokx ◽  
Jeroen van Kampen ◽  
Diederik Gommers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inflammation Response ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Insight Into

Corticosteroids reduced mortality rate in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Previously, we hypothesized that corticosteroids mitigate the inflammation response resulting in reduced coagulation and thrombosis. In this retrospective study, we included 27 patients with COVID-19 that received high-dose corticosteroids (methylprednisolone 1000 mg i.v. daily for 3 days) for persistent respiratory failure or an excessive inflammation response. We found that inflammation, coagulation, and ventilation parameters improved significantly after methylprednisolone. The viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 remained stable or decreased. These results provides insight into the reduced mortality rate observed in patients with COVID-19 treated with corticosteroids.

scholarly journals Patient-level resource use for injury admissions in Canada: A multicentre retrospective cohort study

Injury ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1201
Author(s):  
Teegwendé V. Porgo ◽  
Lynne Moore ◽  
Catherine Truchon ◽  
Simon Berthelot ◽  
Henry T. Stelfox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Patient Level

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction to Dermabond (2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate) in Plastic Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 229255032110154
Author(s):  
Nawaf Naif Alotaibi ◽  
Tawheed Ahmad ◽  
Sari Monzer Rabah ◽  
Mohammad Tafazul Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Reduction Mammoplasty ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Trade Name

Background: The Dermabond (2-octyl cyanoacrylate) is a commonly used skin adhesive in plastic surgery. There are some reports in the literature regarding Dermabond associated contact dermatitis. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidence and characteristics of contact dermatitis (type IV hypersensitivity reaction) post application of Dermabond (Trade name PRINEO manufactured by ETHICON) in patients who underwent plastic surgical breast procedures in our hospital. Methods: Sixty patients had undergone plastic surgical breast procedures (mastopexy and reduction mammoplasty) with Dermabond application over the period of last 3 years in our hospital. The records of these 60 patients were studied retrospectively. Results: Four patients (6.6%) out of the 60 patients taken for study had developed type IV hypersensitivity reaction to Dermabond. All of these patients presented with pruritus and skin rash in the second week of their post-operative period and none of them had any known past allergic history. Conclusion: We conclude that the incidence of type IV hypersensitivity allergic reaction post application of Dermabond (2-octyl cyanoacrylate) is significantly high and its possibility should be explained to the patients prior to its application.

scholarly journals Clinical Observation of Therapeutic Keratoplasties for Infectious Keratitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Ma ◽  
Yue Zeng ◽  
Xiao-Rong Zhang ◽  
Jia Yao ◽  
Li-Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background: To investigate the therapeutic outcomes of two types of keratoplasties in patients with infectious keratitis.Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 52 consecutive patients (52 eyes) with medically uncontrolled infectious keratitis who underwent deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLKP) (n=16 eyes) or penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) (n=36 eyes; 24 nonperforated ulcers; 12 perforated ulcers) with a follow-up of 12 to 36 months (mean follow-up duration: DLKP, 24.6 months; PKP: 25.7 months) between June 2014 and 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. The clinical characteristics, preoperative, and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes, therapeutic success rate, graft rejection, management, and complications were assessed.Results: The postoperative BCVA increased by 93.8% (15/16 eyes) and 77.2% (27/36 eyes) at the one-year follow-up in the DLKP and PKP groups, respectively: the differences were not statistically significant (p=0.149). The therapeutic success rates did not differ (statistically) significantly between the DLKP (81.2%) and PKP (80.6%) groups (p=0.953). The incidence of secondary glaucoma was 6.25% and 33.33% in the DLKP and PKP groups, respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p=0.037). The graft survival rates at the one-year follow-up differed significantly between the DLKP (12.5%) and PKP (42.9%) groups (p=0.033).Conclusion: Infectious keratitis is common in male farmers in northern China. Therapeutic keratoplasty is the most commonly performed vision-saving procedure for patients with severe serious infectious keratitis, which can improve the quality of life significantly. Bandage contact lenses were commonly used to protect the cornea and ameliorate pain. DLKP and PKP elicited good clinical outcomes with respect to visual recovery and therapeutic success. The frequencies of graft rejection and complications were lower with DLKP compared to PKP. Surgery should be considered at the early stage in patients with refractory infectious keratitis to improve the therapeutic success.

scholarly journals Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Maxence Rouyer ◽  
Alessio Strazzulla ◽  
Tracie Youbong ◽  
Paul Tarteret ◽  
Aurélia Pitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections

Introduction: Aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) inpatients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, including coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who developed VAP from March to May 2020 (VAP COVID-19). They were compared to non-COVID-19 patients who developed VAP from January 2011 to December 2019 (VAP NO COVID-19) and COVID-19 patients who did not develop VAP (NO VAP COVID-19). Results: Overall, 42 patients were included in the VAP COVID-19group, 37 in the NO VAP COVID-19 group, and 188 in the VAP NO COVID-19 group. VAP COVID-19 had significantly higher rates of shock (71% vs. 48%, p = 0.009), death in ICU (52% vs. 30%, p = 0.011), VAP recurrence (28% vs. 4%, p < 0.0001), positive blood culture (26% vs. 13%, p = 0.038), and polymicrobial culture (28% vs. 13%, p = 0.011) than VAP NO COVID-19. At the multivariate analysis, death in patients with VAP was associated with shock (p = 0.032) and SARS-Cov2 (p = 0.008) infection. Conclusions: VAP in COVID-19 patients is associated with shock, bloodstream, and polymicrobial infections.

scholarly journals Toscana virus encephalitis in Southwest Germany: a retrospective study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dersch ◽  
A. Sophocleous ◽  
D. Cadar ◽  
P. Emmerich ◽  
J. Schmidt-Chanasit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Southwest Germany

Abstract Background Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (Phlebotomus sp.) widespread throughout the Mediterranean having the potential to cause meningoencephalitis in humans. In Germany, the vectors of TOSV are introduced recently and become endemic especially in Southwestern Germany. As TOSV is not investigated regularly in patients with meningoencephalitis, cases of TOSV-neuroinvasive disease may remain mostly undetected. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with meningoencephalitis without identification of a causal pathogen from 2006 to 2016. Serologic assessment for anti-TOSV-IgG and IgM was performed on serum and CSF. Demographic, clinical and CSF data from TOSV-positive patients were compared to a cohort of patients with meningoencephalitis due to enterovirus. Informed consent was obtained from all included patients. Results We found 138 patients with meningoencephalitis without identified causal pathogen. From 98 of these patients CSF and serum was available for further testing. Additionally, we included 27 patients with meningoencephalitis due to enterovirus. We identified two patients with serological confirmed TOSV-neuroinvasive disease (TOSV-IgM and IgG positive, 2%) and two patients with possible TOSV-neuroinvasive disease (isolated TOSV-IgM positive, 2%). Overall, TOSV-neuroinvasive was detected in 4% of our cases with suspected viral meningoencephalitis. None of them had a history of recent travel to an endemic area. Conclusions We found cases of TOSV-neuroinvasive disease in our German cohort of patients with meningoencephalitis. As no recent history of travel to an endemic area was reported, it remains probable that these cases resemble autochthonous infections, albeit we cannot draw conclusions regarding the origin of the respective vectors. TOSV could be considered in patients with meningoencephalitis in Germany.

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