scholarly journals Trends in player body mass at men’s and women’s Rugby World Cups: a plateau in body mass and differences in emerging rugby nations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000885
Author(s):  
Ross Tucker ◽  
Stuart Lancaster ◽  
Phil Davies ◽  
Gary Street ◽  
Lindsay Starling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesThis study assessed the mass of international rugby players in the men’s and women’s Rugby World Cups between 1991 and 2019. The objective was to quantify changes in mass of players by position, and to compare changes between men and women, and between established (Tier 1 (T1)) and emerging (Tier 2 (T2)) rugby nations.SettingRugby World Cups from 1991 to 2019 for men’s players and 2010 to 2017 for women’s players.Participants4447 elite male and 958 elite female players.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPlayer body mass, grouped as men and women, T1 and T2 nations, and by playing position, assessed over time.ResultsMen’s player mass increased significantly between 1991 and 2019 (T1 overall 9.7% increase), but this increase occurred almost entirely up to 2011. Women’s forwards mass increased by 4.8% in T1, with no changes in T2 or backs from either tier. Significant differences in mass were found between T1 and T2 forwards and backs for both men and women.ConclusionsThe body mass of men’s players has stabilised after initial increases following professionalisation. Player body mass may be approaching a plateau, beyond which no further performance advantages occur. Changes to laws and tactical approaches by coaches may have contributed to this, by changing match demands on players, necessitating endurance, agility and speed. Trends in the evolution of T2 players suggest a barrier to identifying and developing heavy athletic players, and may require intervention to ensure competitive parity.

scholarly journals The prevalence of underweight in 9–10-year-old schoolchildren in Liverpool: 1998–2006

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne M Boddy ◽  
Allan F Hackett ◽  
Gareth Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrum ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of underweight between 1998 and 2006 in Liverpool schoolchildren aged 9–10 years using recently published underweight cut-off points.Design and settingStature and body mass data collected at the LiverpoolSportsLinx project’s fitness testing sessions were used to calculate BMI.SubjectsData were available on 26 782 (n13 637 boys, 13 145 girls) participants.ResultsOverall underweight declined in boys from 10·3 % in 1998–1999 to 6·9 % in 2005–2006, and all sub-classifications of underweight declined, in particular grade 3 underweight, with the most recent prevalence being 0·1 %. In girls, the prevalence of underweight declined from 10·8 % in 1998–1999 to 7·5 % in 2005–2006. The prevalence of all grades of underweight was higher in girls than in boys. Underweight showed a fluctuating pattern across all grades over time for boys and girls, and overall prevalence in 2005–2006 represents over 200 children across the city.ConclusionsUnderweight may have reduced slightly from baseline, but remains a substantial problem in Liverpool, with the prevalence of overall underweight being relatively similar to the prevalence of obesity. The present study highlights the requirement for policy makers and funders to consider both ends of the body mass spectrum when fixing priorities in child health.

scholarly journals Men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 093-097 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alonso ◽  
L. Mochizuki ◽  
N. Luna ◽  
A. Canonica ◽  
R. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of body composition on the postural sway during quiet standing. Our hypothesis is that men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway during quiet standing. Materials and Methods: Participated in the study 50 men and 50 women; age range: 20-40 years old. The main outcome measures were: Body composition (bone densitometry), percentage of fat (% fat) tissue (g), fat (g), lean mass (g), bone mineral content (g) and bone mineral density (g/cm2); Anthropometry: body mass (kg), height (cm), length of the trunk-head (cm), length of lower limbs (cm). The following indices were calculated: body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and Postural balance test - center ofpressure displacement. Results: The correlation analysis showed low correlations between postural sway and anthropometric variables. The multiple linear regression model showed that the body composition and the anthropometry were able to explain only men's postural sway. Conclusion: The postural sway is sex type dependent. Men and women have different relations between body composition and postural sway. Only male's body composition affected the body sway.

Sensitivity and Specificity of the Body Mass Index to Determine Obesity: A Study with Brazilian Men and Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim ◽  
Sidney Cavalcante da Silva ◽  
Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas ◽  
José Fernandes Filho
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Association between the body mass index and chronic kidney disease in men and women. A population-based study from Israel

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. iv130-iv135 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cohen ◽  
A. Fraser ◽  
E. Goldberg ◽  
G. Milo ◽  
M. Garty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Body ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Post-embriononic development of Chrysomya putoria(Diptera: Calliphoridae) on a diet containing ampicillin in different concentrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIANA C.P. FERRAZ ◽  
DANIELE L. DALLAVECCHIA ◽  
DÉBORA C. SILVA ◽  
RENATO G. SILVA-FILHO ◽  
VALÉRIA M. AGUIAR
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
The Body ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Ampicillin Sodium ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2

Here we evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the antibiotic ampicillin on the growth and development of Chrysomya putoria. Third-generation, first instar larvae (L1) reared on 60 grams of homogenate+agar 65% were treated with ampicillin sodium. The experiment consisted of four replicates (40 larvae/replicate) of each antibiotic concentration tested (T1: 466µg/mL ; T2: 81.33 mg/mL and T3: 166.66mg/mL) and a T4: control. The body mass of the mature larvae, after they abandoned the diet, were recorded in batches of five. The variation between the mean body mass of larvae and the duration of larval and pupal stages, and overall duration of the development, viability and normal rates were analyzed by ANOVA. There were no significant differences between the four treatments in the following parameters: body mass of larvae that discontinued the diet as well as the duration of larval, pupal, and total development. The sex ratios found in the four treatments did not differ from those expected. Normality rates were 100% for all treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments for larval and overall viability, but pupal viability differed significantly between T1 and the control, T1 and T2, and between the control and T3. The antibiotic did not appear to significantly alter the development of C. putoria.

Relationship of the body mass index with skinfolds, girths, and bone breadths in canadian men and women aged 20–70 years

1988 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Ross ◽  
S. M. Crawford ◽  
D. A. Kerr ◽  
R. Ward ◽  
D. A. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Association between the body mass index and outcomes of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective multicentre registry study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heekyung Lee ◽  
◽  
Jaehoon Oh ◽  
Hyunggoo Kang ◽  
Tae Ho Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Neurologic Outcomes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Background The effects of the body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest are controversial. Therefore, the current study investigated the association between the BMI and the favourable neurologic outcomes and survival to discharge of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods This multicentre, prospective, nationwide OHCA registry-based study was conducted using data from the Korean Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Consortium (KoCARC). We enrolled hospitals willing to collect patient height and weight and included patients who survived to the hospital between October 2015 and June 2018. The included patients were categorised into the underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (≥18.5 to < 25 kg/m2), overweight (≥25 to < 30 kg/m2), and obese groups (≥30 kg/m2) according to the BMI per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The primary outcome was a favourable neurologic outcome; the secondary outcome was survival to discharge. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between BMI and outcomes. Results Nine hospitals were enrolled; finally, 605 patients were included in our analysis and categorised per the WHO BMI classification. Favourable neurologic outcomes were less frequent in the underweight BMI group than in the other groups (p = 0.002); survival to discharge was not significantly different among the BMI groups (p = 0.110). However, the BMI classification was not associated with favourable neurologic outcomes or survival to discharge after adjustment in the multivariate model. Conclusion The BMI was not independently associated with favourable neurologic and survival outcomes of patients surviving from OHCA.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Differentials in Hypertension based on JNC7 and ACC/AHA 2017 Guidelines Mediated by Body Mass Index: Evidence from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Zobayer Ahmmad ◽  
Kanchan Kumar Sen ◽  
Sanjeev Bista ◽  
Rakibul M Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Socioeconomic Differentials

AbstractBackgroundUnlike developed countries; higher socioeconomic status (SES, education, and wealth) is associated with hypertension in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited evidence. We examined the associations between SES and hypertension in Nepal and the extent to which these associations vary by sex and urbanity. The body mass index (BMI) was examined as a secondary outcome and assessed as a potential mediator.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the latest Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data (N=13,436) collected between June 2016 and January 2017, using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Participants aged 15 years or older from selected households were interviewed with an overall response rate of 97%. Main outcomes were hypertension and normal blood pressure defined by the widely used Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7), and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2017.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was higher in Nepalese men than women. The likelihood of having hypertension was more than double for individuals in the highest versus lowest wealth quintiles [men: OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.60-2.85); women: OR 2.54, 95% CI 2.00- 3.24] and for individuals with the higher education versus no education [men: OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.75-3.23; women: OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.18-2.25]. The associations between SES and hypertension were different by sex and urbanity. These associations were mediated by BMI.ConclusionsHigher SES was positively associated with the higher likelihood of having hypertension in Nepal according to both JNC 7 and ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines. These associations were mediated by BMI, which may help to explain broader socioeconomic differentials in CVD and related risk factors, particularly in terms of education and wealth. Our study suggests that the mediating factor of BMI should be tackled to diminish the risk of CVD in people with higher SES in LMICs.

scholarly journals The Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference as Predictors of Body Composition in Post CSCI Wheelchair Rugby Players (Preliminary Investigations)

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zwierzchowska ◽  
Marta Głowacz ◽  
Agnieszka Batko-Szwaczka ◽  
Joanna Dudziňska-Griszek ◽  
Aleksandra Mostowik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Wheelchair Rugby ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Rugby Players

Abstract The enforced sedentary lifestyle and muscle paresis below the level of injury are associated with adipose tissue accumulation in the trunk. The value of anthropometric indicators of obesity in patients with spinal cord injuries has also been called into question. We hypothesized that the Body Mass Index recommended by the WHO to diagnose obesity in general population has too low sensitivity in case of wheelchair rugby players. The study group comprised 14 wheelchair rugby players, aged 32.6 ± 5.1 years, who had sustained CSCI (paralysis of lower limbs and upper extremities). The research tool was the Tanita Viscan visceral and trunk fat analyzer AB140 using the abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate the visceral fat level (Vfat) and trunk fat percentage (Tfat). The AB140 analyzer also allowed the measurement of body composition of those individuals who could not assume an upright position. Our analyses revealed high and very high correlation coefficients between Vfat and WC (r=0.9), WHtR (r=0.7) and Tfat (r=0.9) whereas the correlation between Vfat and the BMI was weak, especially in the subgroup with Vfat < 13.5% ( r=0.2). The subgroup with Vfat>13.5 exhibited a moderate-level relationship between the BMI and visceral fat increase. It was concluded that the BMI had a low sensitivity for predicting obesity risk in wheelchair rugby players after CSCI. The sensitivity of WC measurement was higher and thus, it may be stated that it constitutes an objective tool for predicting obesity risk in post-CSCI wheelchair rugby players.

scholarly journals What change in body mass index is associated with improvement in percentage body fat in childhood obesity? A meta-regression

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e028231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Birch ◽  
Rachel Perry ◽  
Linda P Hunt ◽  
Rhys Matson ◽  
Amanda Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Change In Mean

ObjectiveUsing meta-regression this paper sets out the minimum change in body mass index-SD score (BMI-SDS) required to improve adiposity as percentage body fat for children and adolescents with obesity.DesignMeta-regression.SettingStudies were identified as part of a large-scale systematic review of the following electronic databases: AMED, Embase, MEDLINE via OVID, Web of Science and CENTRAL via Cochrane library.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 4–19 years with a diagnosis of obesity according to defined BMI thresholds.InterventionsStudies of lifestyle treatment interventions that included dietary, physical activity and/or behavioural components with the objective of reducing obesity were included. Interventions of <2 weeks duration and those that involved surgical and/or pharmacological components (eg, bariatric surgery, drug therapy) were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo be included in the review, studies had to report baseline and post-intervention BMI-SDS or change measurements (primary outcome measures) plus one or more of the following markers of metabolic health (secondary outcome measures): adiposity measures other than BMI; blood pressure; glucose; inflammation; insulin sensitivity/resistance; lipid profile; liver function. This paper focuses on adiposity measures only. Further papers in this series will report on other outcome measures.ResultsThis paper explores the potential impact of BMI-SDS reduction in terms of change in percentage body fat. Thirty-nine studies reporting change in mean percentage body fat were analysed. Meta-regression demonstrated that reduction of at least 0.6 in mean BMI-SDS ensured a mean reduction of percentage body fat mass, in the sense that the associated 95% prediction interval for change in mean percentage body fat was wholly negative.ConclusionsInterventions demonstrating reductions of 0.6 BMI-SDS might be termed successful in reducing adiposity, a key purpose of weight management interventions.Trial registration numberCRD42016025317.

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