Body composition and dietary intake in patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002359
Author(s):  
Bing Zhuang ◽  
Lichuan Zhang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Yiwei Cao ◽  
Yian Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivesTo investigate the body composition and dietary intake in the patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy (RT), and explore the relationship between them.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal observational study. Adult patients with HNC undergoing RT between March 2017 and August 2018 were recruited. Patients’ body compositions were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dietary intake was recorded by 24-hour dietary recall at three time points, including baseline (T1), mid-treatment (T2) and post-treatment (T3). Patients were divided into low, middle and high energy intake groups based on the average daily energy intake (DEI). Changes in body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among these three groups were compared.ResultsFrom T1 to T3, the median loss of patients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM was 4.60, 1.90, 2.60 and 1.50 kg, respectively. The loss of BW was more dramatic from T2 to T3 than that from T1 to T2. BW loss was mainly contributed by SMM loss from T1 to T2 and by FM loss from T2 to T3. Meanwhile, patients’ dietary intake reduced during treatment. High DEI group had a significantly attenuated loss of patients’ BW, FFM, SMM and FM compared with the low DEI group.ConclusionPatients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM all significantly reduced, especially from T2 to T3, with decreased DEI during RT, which stresses the importance of nutrition intervention during the whole course of RT.

scholarly journals Energy intake, physical activity and body weight: a simulation model

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp ◽  
Jeroen H. H. L. M. Donkers ◽  
Elisabeth W. H. M. Fredrix ◽  
Piet oekhoudt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass

In adults, body mass (BM) and its components fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are normally regulated at a constant level. Changes in FM and FFM are dependent on energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). The body defends itself against an imbalance between EI and EE by adjusting, within limits, the one to the other. When, at a given EI or EE, energy balance cannot be reached, FM and FFM will change, eventually resulting in an energy balance at a new value. A model is described which simulates changes in FM and FFM using EI and physical activity (PA) as input variables. EI can be set at a chosen value or calculated from dietary intake with a database on the net energy of foods. PA can be set at a chosen multiple of basal metabolic rate (BMR) or calculated from the activity budget with a database on the energy cost of activities in multiples of BMR. BMR is calculated from FFM and FM and, if necessary, FFM is calculated from BM, height, sex and age, using empirical equations. The model uses existing knowledge on the adaptation of energy expenditure (EE) to an imbalance between EI and EE, and to resulting changes in FM and FFM. Mobilization and storage of energy as FM and FFM are functions of the relative size of the deficit (EI/EE) and of the body composition. The model was validated with three recent studies measuring EE at a fixed EI during an interval with energy restriction, overfeeding and exercise training respectively. Discrepancies between observed and simulated changes in energy stores were within the measurement precision of EI, EE and body composition. Thus the consequences of a change in dietary intake or a change in physical activity on body weight and body composition can be simulated.

INFLUENCE OF ENERGY INTAKE ON DEVELOPMENT OF BROILER BREEDER PULLETS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. BENNETT ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Hormone Levels

One hundred and two broiler breeder pullets were reared from 10 wk of age on one of three diets formulated to contain 15% CP and provide 10.67, 11.72, or 12.89 MJ ME kg−1. All birds received the same daily feed allotment. At 20 wk of age, the pullets were light-stimulated and nine birds per treatment were slaughtered for carcass analysis. The remaining birds were slaughtered for carcass analysis at the time that they laid their first egg. Twelve birds from each treatment were blood sampled from 10–25.5 wk of age and plasma luteinizing hormone levels determined. While all birds had similar ages at first egg, birds given the high energy diet grew faster and had more fat, protein and fat-free mass in the body at first egg relative to birds consuming the least amount of energy. Birds fed the high energy diet also displayed a higher percentage of fat and lower percentage of protein at first egg than did the birds fed the low energy diet. Coefficients of variation for weight of protein and fat-free mass at first egg were 9.1 and 7.9%, respectively, compared to 24.4% for grams of fat at first egg; protein and fat-free masses appeared to be relatively constant at first egg. Linear regressions suggested a strong relationship between body composition and body weight both at 20 wk of age and first egg. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels were unaffected by diet. Key words: Broiler breeder, body composition, body weight, sexual maturity, energy intake

scholarly journals Nutritional Deficiencies in Radiotherapy-Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Tomasz Powrózek ◽  
Joanna Dziwota ◽  
Teresa Małecka-Massalska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies

Nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia, and unfavorable changes in the body composition) developing as a side effect of radiotherapy (RT) currently represents a significant but still inaccurately studied clinical problem in cancer patients. The incidence of malnutrition observed in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in oncological radiology departments can reach 80%. The presence of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of the disease, higher mortality, and deterioration of the quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to identify patients with a high risk of both metabolic syndromes. However, the number of studies investigating potential predictive markers for the mentioned purposes is still significantly limited. This literature review summarizes the incidence of nutritional deficiencies in HNC patients prior to therapy and after the commencement of RT, and presents recent perspectives for the prediction of unfavorable nutritional changes developing as a result of applied RT.

scholarly journals Meeting Minimum ESPEN Energy Recommendations Is Not Enough to Maintain Muscle Mass in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin McCurdy ◽  
Sara Nejatinamini ◽  
Brock J. Debenham ◽  
Mirey Álvarez-Camacho ◽  
Catherine Kubrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Dietary Intakes

The relationship between dietary intake and body composition changes during cancer treatment has not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to compare dietary intake at diagnosis and end of treatment in relation to changes in muscle mass and adiposity in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Dietary intakes (three-day food record) and body composition using computed tomography (CT) were assessed at diagnosis (baseline) and after treatment completion (post-treatment). Skeletal muscle (SM) loss was explored as a consequence of energy and protein intake in relation to the minimum and maximum European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) guidelines. Higher energy intakes (kcal/kg/day) and increases in energy intake (%) from baseline to post-treatment were correlated with attenuated muscle loss (r = 0.62, p < 0.01; r = 0.47, p = 0.04, respectively). Post-treatment protein intake demonstrated a weak positive correlation (r = 0.44, p = 0.05) with muscle loss, which did not persist when controlling for covariates. Meeting minimum ESPEN energy guidelines (25 kcal/kg/day) did not attenuate SM loss, whereas intakes >30 kcal/kg/day resulted in fewer participants losing muscle. Greater baseline adiposity correlated with greater SM loss (p < 0.001). Energy intakes of 30 kcal/kg/day may be required to protect against SM loss during treatment in HNC patients. The influence of adiposity on SM loss requires further exploration.

scholarly journals The Effects of Compliance with Nutritional Counselling on Body Composition Parameters in Head and Neck Cancer Patients under Radiotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hopanci Bicakli ◽  
O. Ozkaya Akagunduz ◽  
R. Meseri Dalak ◽  
M. Esassolak ◽  
R. Uslu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Nutritional Counselling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

Background. Radiotherapy (RT) has been associated with increased risk of malnutrition in cancer patients, particularly in those with head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of compliance of patients with individual dietary counselling on body composition parameters in HNC patients under RT. Material and Methods. Sixty-nine consecutive patients (mean age: 61.0±13.8) were prospectively followed. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was performed to determine body composition parameters before, in the middle of, and at the end of RT. All patients received nutritional counselling and majority of them (94.6%) received oral nutritional supplement (ONS) during RT or chemoradiotherapy. If a patient consumed ≥75% of the recommended energy and protein intake via ONS and regular food, he/she was considered to be “compliant” (n=18), while those who failed to meet this criteria were considered to be “noncompliant” (n=30). Results. Body mass index, weight, fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass, and muscle mass did not decrease significantly over time in compliant patients, but in noncompliant patients, all of these indices decreased significantly from baseline compared to the end of treatment (p<0.001). Hand grip strength did not differ significantly between the two groups at baseline and over time in each group. When retrospectively evaluated, heavy mucositis was less commonly observed in compliant than noncompliant patients (11.1% versus 88.9%, resp.) (p<0.009). Conclusion. We conclude that body composition parameters were better in head and neck cancer patients considered as compliant with nutritional counselling than noncompliant ones during RT period.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

Clinical determinants of weight loss in patients receiving radiation and chemoirradiation for head and neck cancer: A prospective longitudinal view

Head & Neck ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Kubrak ◽  
Kärin Olson ◽  
Naresh Jha ◽  
Rufus Scrimger ◽  
Matthew Parliament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Longitudinal View ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Resting energy expenditure and body composition in patients with head and neck cancer: An observational study leading to a new predictive equation

Nutrition ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51-52 ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Tereza Pires Souza ◽  
Pierre Singer ◽  
Gislaine Aparecida Ozorio ◽  
Vitor Modesto Rosa ◽  
Maria Manuela Ferreira Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Resting Energy

scholarly journals A Bayesian Sensitivity Analysis to Partition Body Mass Index Into Components of Body Composition: An Application to Head and Neck Cancer Survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 2031-2039
Author(s):  
Patrick T Bradshaw ◽  
Jose P Zevallos ◽  
Kathy Wisniewski ◽  
Andrew F Olshan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Previous studies have suggested a “J-shaped” relationship between body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2) and survival among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. However, BMI is a vague measure of body composition. To provide greater resolution, we used Bayesian sensitivity analysis, informed by external data, to model the relationship between predicted fat mass index (FMI, adipose tissue (kg)/height (m)2), lean mass index (LMI, lean tissue (kg)/height (m)2), and survival. We estimated posterior median hazard ratios and 95% credible intervals for the BMI-mortality relationship in a Bayesian framework using data from 1,180 adults in North Carolina with HNC diagnosed between 2002 and 2006. Risk factors were assessed by interview shortly after diagnosis and vital status through 2013 via the National Death Index. The relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality was convex, with a nadir at 28.6, with greater risk observed throughout the normal weight range. The sensitivity analysis indicated that this was consistent with opposing increases in risk with FMI (per unit increase, hazard ratio = 1.04 (1.00, 1.08)) and decreases with LMI (per unit increase, hazard ratio = 0.90 (0.85, 0.95)). Patterns were similar for HNC-specific mortality but associations were stronger. Measures of body composition, rather than BMI, should be considered in relation to mortality risk.

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