scholarly journals Physical activity and trajectories in cognitive function: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hamer ◽  
Graciela Muniz Terrera ◽  
Panayotes Demakakos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

BackgroundThere are limited data on physical activity in relation to trajectories in cognitive function. The aim was to examine the association of physical activity with trajectories in cognitive function, measured from repeated assessments over 10 years.MethodsWe conducted a 10-year follow-up of 10 652 (aged 65±10.1 years) men and women from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline and neuropsychological tests of memory and executive function were administered at regular 2-year intervals. Data from six repeated measurements of memory over 10 years and five repeated measurements of executive function over 8 years were used.ResultsThe multivariable models revealed relatively small baseline differences in cognitive function by physical activity status in both men and women. Over the 10-year follow-up, physically inactive women experienced a greater decline in their memory (−0.20 recalled words, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.11, per study wave) and in executive function ability (−0.33 named animals; −0.54 to −0.13, per study wave) in comparison with the vigorously active reference group. In men, there were no differences in memory (−0.08 recalled words, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.01, per study wave), but small differences in executive function (−0.23 named animals; −0.46 to −0.01, per study wave) between inactive and vigorously active.ConclusionPhysical activity was associated with preservation of memory and executive function over 10 years follow-up. The results were, however, more pronounced in women.

scholarly journals Gender-specific risk factors for incident sarcopenia: 8-year follow-up of the English longitudinal study of ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Mark Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

BackgroundThe aetiology of age-related sarcopenia is not known.ObjectivesTo investigate if risk of developing sarcopenia differs by gender and to identify gender-specific risk factors of incident sarcopenia in a large population-based cohort of older English adults.MethodsThe sample (n=3404; age 63.4 (SD 7.7) years; 54.1% women) comprised older community-dwelling adults recruited from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sarcopenia was defined as handgrip <26 kg in men and <16 kg in women. Handgrip strength was assessed at baseline (2004/2005) and repeated at follow-up (2012/2013). Analysed risk factors included baseline anthropometric measures, smoking, vigorous and moderate physical activity, depressive symptoms, chronic illnesses and wealth. After excluding participants with sarcopenia at baseline, multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore baseline risk factors for incident sarcopenia.ResultsDuring 8-year follow-up, 208 and 287 cases of sarcopenia were identified in men (n=1564) and women (n=1840), respectively. Women were at 20% (age adjusted OR=1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.47) higher risk of developing sarcopenia than men. The inverse association between physical activity and sarcopenia risk was observed at moderate (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.67) and vigorous (0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.82) intensities in men and only vigorous (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.68) intensity in women. Social factors, such as wealth, and chronic health conditions appeared to be more strongly associated with sarcopenia in men.ConclusionWomen are at higher risk of developing incident sarcopenia than men, and this is likely explained by a range of gender-specific risk factors.

scholarly journals Effects of physical activity on cognitive function among patients with diabetes in China: a nationally longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anying Bai ◽  
Liyuan Tao ◽  
Jia Huang ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Jue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the effect of physical activity on different cognitive domains among patients with diabetes. Methods We used two waves of data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2013–2015), a nationally representative dataset of Chinese population aged over 45. Total physical activity scores were calculated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Executive function and episodic memory were used as measures of cognitive function. We conducted lagged dependent variable models to explore the association between physical activity and cognitive function in full sample as well as two different age groups (45–65, ≥65). Results: 862 diabetic patients were included. We found that diabetic participants who had greater level of physical activity at baseline were associated with better episodic memory function in 2 years (p < 0.05). Moreover, physical activity was significantly associated with less decline in episodic memory in fully adjusted models, and the associations were stronger among patients aged 45–65 years (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was found between physical activity and executive function in all age groups. Conclusions Physical activity may prevent some of the potential decline in episodic memory in diabetic patients. Clinicians and public health departments should strengthen the promotion of physical activity and develop early screening tools among diabetic participants to prevent the progression of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals The art of life and death: 14 year follow-up analyses of associations between arts engagement and mortality in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Arts Engagement ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between different frequencies of arts engagement and mortality over a 14 year follow-up period.DesignProspective cohort study.ParticipantsEnglish Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort of 6710 community dwelling adults aged 50 years and older (53.6% women, average age 65.9 years, standard deviation 9.4) who provided baseline data in 2004-05.InterventionSelf reported receptive arts engagement (going to museums, art galleries, exhibitions, the theatre, concerts, or the opera).MeasurementMortality measured through data linkage to the National Health Service central register.ResultsPeople who engaged with receptive arts activities on an infrequent basis (once or twice a year) had a 14% lower risk of dying at any point during the follow-up (809/3042 deaths, hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.96) compared with those who never engaged (837/1762 deaths). People who engaged with receptive arts activities on a frequent basis (every few months or more) had a 31% lower risk of dying (355/1906 deaths, 0.69, 0.59 to 0.80), independent of demographic, socioeconomic, health related, behavioural, and social factors. Results were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses with no evidence of moderation by sex, socioeconomic status, or social factors. This study was observational and so causality cannot be assumed.ConclusionsReceptive arts engagement could have a protective association with longevity in older adults. This association might be partly explained by differences in cognition, mental health, and physical activity among those who do and do not engage in the arts, but remains even when the model is adjusted for these factors.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND COGNITIVE CHANGES AMONG OLD-OLD ADULTS: RESULTS FROM 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S694-S694
Author(s):  
Yoshiko L Ishioka ◽  
Midori Takayama ◽  
Ikuko Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Baseline Activity

Abstract The association between activity engagement and late-life cognitive function is considered to depend on the characteristics of the activity, the cognitive processes it involves, and the life stage of participants. A better understanding of this association is required to comprehend cognitive function in old age. The present study examined the association between baseline activity engagement and cognitive changes across a 3-year period among old-old adults. We extracted data for 873 Japanese community-dwelling participants from data of the Keio-Kawasaki Aging Study. We assessed cognitive performance thrice (at baseline, 1.5-year follow-up, and 3-year follow-up) using a short version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination. For the subsequent analyses, we used three measures of cognitive function: total score, orientation, and concentration, which showed diverse individual differences. We measured the frequency of physical activity and social group participation at baseline. Using conditional latent growth curve models, we examined which baseline activity was associated with the three measures of cognitive function over 3 years. Greater physical activity was significantly related to higher rate of orientation, after adjusting for age and education (β = −.261, p &lt; .001). Social activity was significantly related to rates of higher total cognitive score (β = −.276, p &lt; .001) and higher orientation (β = −.207, p &lt; .001). These findings suggest that the association between activity engagement and late-life cognitive function among old-old adults varies by activity type and cognitive domain.

scholarly journals Exploring the bidirectional associations between loneliness and cognitive functioning over 10 years: the English longitudinal study of ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1937-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamin Yin ◽  
Camille Lassale ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Dorina Cadar
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Linear Slope ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background As the population ages, cognitive decline and dementia have become major health concerns in the UK. Loneliness has been linked to cognitive decline, but the reverse causality of this association remains unclear. This study aims to examine whether there is a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and cognitive function in older English adults (age 50 years and over) over a 10-year follow-up. Methods Data came from a nationally representative sample of 5885 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), free of stroke or dementia and followed every 2 years up to wave 7 (2014–15). At each wave, cognitive function was measured with word recall and verbal fluency tests, and loneliness was measured with the abridged version of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Bivariate dual change score models were used to assess the multivariate associations between loneliness and cognitive function, used interchangeably as exposures and outcomes. Results Greater loneliness at baseline was associated with poorer memory [β intercept = −0.03, standard error (SE) = 0.01, P  =  0.016] and verbal fluency (β intercept = −0.01, SE  =  001, P =  0.027) at baseline, and with a stronger linear rate of decline in both memory (β linear slope = −0.07, SE  =  001, P  ≤ 0.001) and verbal fluency (β linear slope = −0.09, SE  =  0.03, P =  0.003) over a 10-year follow-up period, although the performance on verbal fluency did not change substantially on average over this period. We also found that higher baseline memory, but not verbal fluency, predicted a slower change in loneliness (β linear slope = −0.01, SE  =  001, P =  0.004) and that a linear decline in memory was associated with an acceleration in loneliness (β quadratic slope = −0.02, SE  =  001, P  ≤ 0.001) during follow-up. Conclusions Higher loneliness is associated with poorer cognitive function at baseline and contributes to a worsening in memory and verbal fluency over a decade. These factors seem, however, to be partially intertwined, since baseline memory and its rate of decline also contribute to an increase in loneliness over time.

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