Effects of physical activity on cognitive function among patients with diabetes in China: a nationally longitudinal study

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the effect of physical activity on different cognitive domains among patients with diabetes. Methods We used two waves of data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2013–2015), a nationally representative dataset of Chinese population aged over 45. Total physical activity scores were calculated based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Executive function and episodic memory were used as measures of cognitive function. We conducted lagged dependent variable models to explore the association between physical activity and cognitive function in full sample as well as two different age groups (45–65, ≥65). Results: 862 diabetic patients were included. We found that diabetic participants who had greater level of physical activity at baseline were associated with better episodic memory function in 2 years (p < 0.05). Moreover, physical activity was significantly associated with less decline in episodic memory in fully adjusted models, and the associations were stronger among patients aged 45–65 years (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was found between physical activity and executive function in all age groups. Conclusions Physical activity may prevent some of the potential decline in episodic memory in diabetic patients. Clinicians and public health departments should strengthen the promotion of physical activity and develop early screening tools among diabetic participants to prevent the progression of cognitive impairment.

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Physical activity and trajectories in cognitive function: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-210228 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 477-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Mark Hamer ◽

Graciela Muniz Terrera ◽

Panayotes Demakakos

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Executive Function ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Reference Group ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Men And Women ◽

English Longitudinal Study

BackgroundThere are limited data on physical activity in relation to trajectories in cognitive function. The aim was to examine the association of physical activity with trajectories in cognitive function, measured from repeated assessments over 10 years.MethodsWe conducted a 10-year follow-up of 10 652 (aged 65±10.1 years) men and women from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort of community dwelling older adults. Self-reported physical activity was assessed at baseline and neuropsychological tests of memory and executive function were administered at regular 2-year intervals. Data from six repeated measurements of memory over 10 years and five repeated measurements of executive function over 8 years were used.ResultsThe multivariable models revealed relatively small baseline differences in cognitive function by physical activity status in both men and women. Over the 10-year follow-up, physically inactive women experienced a greater decline in their memory (−0.20 recalled words, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.11, per study wave) and in executive function ability (−0.33 named animals; −0.54 to −0.13, per study wave) in comparison with the vigorously active reference group. In men, there were no differences in memory (−0.08 recalled words, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.01, per study wave), but small differences in executive function (−0.23 named animals; −0.46 to −0.01, per study wave) between inactive and vigorously active.ConclusionPhysical activity was associated with preservation of memory and executive function over 10 years follow-up. The results were, however, more pronounced in women.

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Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720001026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Bin Yu ◽

Andrew Steptoe ◽

Yongjie Chen ◽

Xiaohua Jia

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Mental Status ◽

Chinese Older Adults ◽

Confounding Variables

Abstract Background Social isolation and loneliness have each been associated with cognitive decline, but most previous research is limited to Western populations. This study examined the relationships of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive function among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used two waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and analyses were restricted to those respondents aged 50 and older. Social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures on cognitive function were obtained for 7761 participants (mean age = 60.97, s.d. = 7.31; male, 50.8%). Lagged dependent variable models adjusted for confounding factors were used to evaluate the association between baseline isolation, loneliness, and cognitive function at follow-up. Results Loneliness was significantly associated with the cognitive decline at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.03, p < 0.01; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) in the partially adjusted models. These associations became insignificant after additional confounding variables (chronic diseases, health behaviors, disabilities, and depressive symptoms) were taken into account (all p > 0.05). By contrast, social isolation was significantly associated with decreases in all cognitive function measures at follow-up (episodic memory: β = −0.05, p < 0.001; mental status: β = −0.03, p < 0.01) even after controlling for loneliness and all confounding variables. Conclusions Social isolation is associated with cognitive decline in Chinese older adults, and the relationships are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the links between social relationships and the cognitive function in non-Western populations.

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Racial Disparities in Cognitive Function: The Roles of Cumulative Stress Exposures Across the Life Course

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1627 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 504-504

Author(s):

Ruijia Chen ◽

Jennifer Weuve ◽

Laura Kubzansky ◽

David Williams

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Life Course ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Coping Resources ◽

Age Group ◽

Cumulative Stress ◽

The Life Course

Abstract Introduction: Racial disparities in cognitive function have been well-documented in the literature, but factors driving the disparities remain under explored. This study aims to quantify the extent to which cumulative stress exposures across the life course explain Black–White disparities in executive function and episodic memory. Method: Data were drawn from the 2004–2006 wave of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) and the MIDUS refresher study (N=5,967, 5,277 White, 690 Black). Cumulative stress exposures were assessed by using 10 domains of stressors (e.g., financial stress, childhood adversity). Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone. Marginal structural models were conducted to quantify the proportion of the effect of race/ethnicity status on cognitive function that can be explained by cumulative stress exposures. Result: Blacks reported higher levels of cumulative stress exposures and lower average levels of executive function and episodic memory than Whites. Cumulative stress exposures explained 8.43% of the disparities in executive function and 13.21 % of the disparities in episodic memory. Cumulative stress exposures had stronger effects on racial disparities in cognitive function in the older age group (age≥ 55 years old) than in the younger age group (age < 55 years old). Conclusion: Cumulative stress exposures explain modest proportions of racial disparities in levels of cognitive function. Interventions that focus on reducing stress exposures or improving coping resources among Blacks may help lessen racial disparities in cognitive function at the population level.

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High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-021-00923-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhiyuan Wu ◽

Haiping Zhang ◽

Xinlei Miao ◽

Haibin Li ◽

Huiying Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Global Cognition

Abstract Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status.

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Description of Cognitive Function in Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v6i1.8605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 209-219

Author(s):

Susy Puspasari ◽

Endar Andrianto

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Literature Review ◽

Search Term ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Psychomotor Functions ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Quantitative Design ◽

Sugar Levels

Cognitive decline in diabetes mellitus is not fully understood, though is generally ascribed to blood sugar levels exceeding normal (hyperglycemia), hypoglycemia conditions and insulin resistance. Cognitive function consists of aspects of memory, attention, executive function, perception, language, and psychomotor functions which affect the decline in cognitive function, especially in people with Diabetes Mellitus. This study aims to summarize the results of research on cognitive function in people with Diabetes Mellitus. The research method used was a literature review with an assessment using JBI critical appraisal tools. Articles were sourced via the PubMed database and Google Scholar using the search term ‘Cognitive Function AND Diabetes Mellitus’. The inclusion criteria were studies with quantitative design, full text, a population comprised of patients with Diabetes Mellitus, written in Indonesian or English. Six articles were reviewed, all the results state that patients with Diabetes Mellitus experienced a decrease in cognitive function, especially in the Executive Function, Visuospatial, and the Memory Domains. Keywords: Cognitive function, Diabetes mellitus, Literature review

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Abstract P268: Greater Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes as Compared to Non-diabetic Controls: Results From the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary E Lacy ◽

Paola Gilsanz ◽

Chloe Eng ◽

Michal S Beeri ◽

Andrew J Karter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Regression Models ◽

Cognitive Test ◽

Race Ethnicity

Introduction: Studies have shown poorer cognitive function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as compared to non-diabetic peers. However, little is known about cognitive function in older adults with T1D. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that older adults with T1D and type 2 diabetes (T2D) would have greater cognitive impairment than age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education-matched controls without diabetes. Methods: We compared baseline cognitive impairment among older adults (aged ≥60) from the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID) with T1D (n=771), T2D (=234) and no diabetes (n=253). Cognitive tests assessed three cognitive domains identified via factor analysis (language, executive function, episodic memory). All cognitive test scores were standardized and cognitive impairment was defined as 1.5 SD below the mean. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity, we examined the association between diabetes status (T1D, T2D or no diabetes) and cognition on each cognitive domain and on global cognition (average of scores on the 3 domains). Results: In adjusted regression models, compared to older adults without diabetes, those with T1D were more likely to have impaired cognitive function on the language (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.17) and executive function domains (OR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.36, 5.22). No significant differences in global cognitive impairment or impairment on the episodic memory domain were observed for T1D and no significant differences on any domain were observed for T2D. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that older adults with T1D have greater cognitive impairment than their peers without diabetes; findings were specific to the language and executive function domains, with episodic memory being unaffected. No increase in cognitive impairment was observed for older adults with T2D. Additional research is needed to understand the causes and potentially modifiable factors associated with impaired cognition among older adults with T1D.

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Impact of secondhand smoke exposure on cognitive function among middle-aged and older women in China: findings from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e039824

Author(s):

Anying Bai ◽

Yinzi Jin ◽

Yangmu Huang

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Memory Function ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Visuospatial Ability ◽

Global Cognitive Function ◽

Normal Cognitive Function

ObjectivesTo examine the association between secondhand smoke (SSH) and women’s global cognitive function and cognitive subdomains.DesignCohort study.ParticipantsData for this study were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2013-2015), and pooled analysis was applied to wave 1 and wave 2 (2011–2013), wave 2 and wave 3 (2013–2015) and wave 1 and wave 3 (2011–2015). Data from a total of 6875 Chinese women with normal cognitive function at baseline were selected for analysis, including 2981 who were interviewed in 2011, 2471 in 2013, and 1894 in 2015.Main outcome measures and methodsSHS was classified based on the number of exposed years (<25 years, ≥25 years to <30 years, ≥30 years to <40 years, ≥40 years). Global cognitive function, visuospatial ability, orientation and attention, and episodic memory function were used as measures of cognitive function. Three waves of data were pooled using a dummy variable to differentiate between 2-year and 4-year groups. LDV models were used to examine independent associations between SHS and cognitive function. Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, baseline cognitive functioning and health conditions were controlled for in our models.ResultsSSH was found to be inversely and significantly associated with cognitive function. Compared with those who had not been exposed to household SSH, women who had lived with a smoking husband had a significantly faster cognition decline, especially in global cognitive function (β=−0.33, 95% CI=−0.66 to −0.01, p<0.01), visuospatial ability (β=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.08 to −0.01, p<0.05) and episodic memory function (β=−0.16, 95% CI=−0.31 to −0.01, p=0.031).ConclusionsHousehold SSH exposure for more than 40 years was associated with a more significant decline in global cognitive function, visuospatial ability and episodic memory function, but not in orientation and attention function among older Chinese women.

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Peculiarities of Physical Activity and Self‑Esteem of Young People with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Healthy Persons Aged 18–25 Years

Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences ◽

10.33607/bjshs.v4i83.305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (83) ◽

Author(s):

Sandrija Čapkauskienė ◽

Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽

Deimantė Šeštokaitė

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Healthy Persons

Research background and hypothesis. Careful diabetes control slows the onset and progression of life-threatening complications, the development of disability and early disability-related unemployment, and prolongs life expectancy (Danytė et al., 2000). The benefits of physical activity on regular basis comprise improved cardiovascular health, increased lean body mass, improved blood lipid profile, enhanced psycho-social wellbeing and decreased obesity (Riddell, Iscoe, 2006). Physical activity is one of the main factors influencing glucose level in diabetic patients’ blood (Wiśniewski, 2010). Analysis of self-esteem of the studied revealed a wide range of findings, from trying to outline the modest achievements, pride, and even unwillingness to discuss it to low self-esteem, feeling of guilt and self-reproach for mistakes and failures (Žemaitis, 1995). The aim of the study was to determine physical activity and self-esteem of healthy subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 aged 18–25 years.Methods. The study included 140 individuals (aged from 18 to 25 years). Among 41 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus there were 33 young women and 8 young men, and among 99 healthy persons – 79 young women and 29 young men. All the subjects were asked to fill in the questionnaire orientated to physical activity and self-esteem. The short IPAQ questionnaire was used to research physical activity and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale was used to assess self esteem.Research results. Approximately 60% of subjects with diabetes mellitus type 1 and about 50% of healthy persons rated their physical activity as moderate. Intensive 60-minute-physical activity was reported by 48.5% of healthy subjects and 34.1% of diabetic patients, moderate 60-minute-physical activity was pointed out by 38.2% of diabetic patients and 35.8% of healthy research participants. The largest walking interval was 1–1.5 hours: in the diabetic group– 28.8%, in the healthy group – 31.65%. Healthy young men and women were physically more active than diabetic patients. Self-esteem in both genders of healthy subjects and diabetic patients was determined as moderate.Discussion and conclusions. Physical activity of women and men with diabetes mellitus type 1 aged 18–25 years was valued as moderate, meanwhile physical activity in healthy persons – moderate or high. Self-esteem is moderate in both groups of patients with diabetes and healthy persons. Healthy men are more active than diabetic patients, similarly, women having diabetes mellitus type 1 are more physically passive than healthy ones. Both patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and healthy individuals aged 18–25 reported moderate self-esteem.Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 1, physical activity, self-esteem.

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Mind-Body Practice, Personality Traits, and Cognitive Performance: A 10-Year Study in US Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 713-713

Author(s):

Kallol Kumar Bhattacharyya ◽

Gizem Hueluer ◽

Debra Dobbs

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Personality Traits ◽

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Future Research ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Negative Effect

Abstract It is widely established that physical activity is associated with better cognitive outcomes, and accumulating evidence suggests that mind-body practice (MBP) may yield similar benefits. Personality is related to both daily activities and cognition, but its role in the association between MBP and cognition is not well understood. The current study examines bidirectional temporal associations between personality traits, MBP, and cognition in healthy adults. We used data from waves 2 and 3 (2004-2014) of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study from a total of 2,050 individuals (age: M=64 years, SD=11, range=42 to 92; 56% women). We applied a cross-lagged regression analysis to examine bidirectional effects between MBP, Big Five personality traits, and two cognitive domains (episodic memory and executive function) and controlled for sociodemographic factors, health, and functional status covariates in wave 2. After controlling for covariates, MBP was independently associated with a more favorable change in episodic memory, but not in executive function. Regarding cross-lagged effects of cognitive function, episodic memory was related to subsequent MBP and agreeableness, and executive function was related to subsequent MBP, openness, and conscientiousness. Agreeableness had a negative effect on subsequent executive function. The findings point toward bidirectional associations between cognitive function MBP, while there was no evidence for cross-lagged associations between personality and MBP. Future research should guide us whether MBP can counteract cognitive decline as an alternative and complementary practice and the role that personality can play in such interventions.

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Examination of attention, executive function, and memory as predictors of mortality risk in adults with systolic heart failure

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing ◽

10.1177/1474515119863182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 729-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emily C Gathright ◽

Mary A Dolansky ◽

John Gunstad ◽

Richard A Josephson ◽

Shirley M Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Systolic Heart Failure ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Global Cognitive Function

Background: The prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment in heart failure is increasingly recognized. Converging evidence points to global cognitive function as predictive of prognosis in adults with heart failure when assessed with screening tools. Additional work is needed to understand which domains of cognitive function are most relevant for prognosis. Aims: The present study sought to examine associations between domains of cognitive function and mortality risk in adults with heart failure. Methods: In the present prospective, observational cohort study, global cognitive function, attention, executive function, and memory were assessed by means of a comprehensive neuropsychogical battery in adults with systolic heart failure. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index (median follow-up 2.95 years). Relationships among each cognitive domain and mortality were assessed with Cox regression. Covariates included age, sex, heart failure severity, comorbidity and depressive symptoms. Results: Participants were 325 patients with systolic heart failure with a mean age of 68.6 years (59% men, 73% Caucasian). Following covariate adjustment, better global cognitive function, attention, and executive function were related to decreased mortality risk. Conclusions: Future research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the association between cognitive impairment and mortality.

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