scholarly journals Are happy people healthier? An instrumental variable approach using data from Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161
Author(s):  
Ilias Kyriopoulos ◽  
Kostas Athanasakis ◽  
John Kyriopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundFrom a theoretical perspective, several studies indicate that happiness and health are—in some extent—interrelated. Despite the mechanisms explaining the relationship between happiness and health, there is still no consensus regarding this link. Using recently collected primary data, this study aims to examine the relationship between happiness and health, and identify potential heterogeneity in the association depending on socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsThis study draws on data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, conducted by the Greek National School of Public Health in 2015. We applied an instrumental variable (IV) approach to address the endogeneity, arising from the simultaneous determination of happiness and health. Controlling for several confounders (ie, socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, social capital variables) we employed several IV models, including two-stage least squares, IV probit and bivariate probit models.ResultsWe report strong evidence of a relationship between happiness and health. This association remains strong after correcting for endogeneity, and is robust across different specifications. Further, we find a positive relationship between happiness and self-rated health (SRH) for low educated, but not for high educated. Similarly, we find a strong relationship between happiness and health for the lower socioeconomic strata, but not for the higher ones.ConclusionsOverall, we show that happiness is positively associated with health. Further, happiness significantly influences SRH in low-SES individuals, but this association wanes for the higher socioeconomic strata. This finding has significant implications for health promotion, prevention and public health, and suggests that policymakers have a wider array of choices for improving health and tackling health inequalities.

scholarly journals Exposure to Social Media Advertisements and Youth's Response

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Ashraf Iqbal ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Rashid Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Social Media Advertising ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The major purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media advertising on the purchase behaviour of young university students. The study employed an exploratory research design and cross-sectional survey technique. On the basis of a comprehensive literature review, research hypotheses were formulated to investigate the relationship between study variables. The primary data were collected using questionnaires from students of public sector universities operating in the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Non-probability and convenience sampling were adopted in the selection of target respondents, which were 283 students, both day-scholars and boarding students. The findings reveal that social media advertising affects the purchasing behaviour of social media users. The recommendations of the study are that the companies should concentrate more on promotional activities using social networks as this is more effective, less costly and accessible to a large number of target audiences.

The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Enterprise Risk Management Adoption by Commercial State Corporations in Kenya

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Disterius Ondieki Nyandika ◽  
◽  
Paul Machoka ◽  
Michael Ngala ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
The Relationship

The adoption of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) by State Corporations in Kenya is a mandatory requirement and yet, the information on levels of adoption amongst Commercial State Corporations, most of which continue to experience poor performance due to weak governance is scanty. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between transformational leadership and enterprise risk management adoption. This study adopted a positivist research philosophy and cross-sectional survey design approach. The target population comprised all the Commercial State Corporations in Kenya listed in the register of State Corporations Advisory Committee (SCAC) as at January 2021. The unit of analysis was the 52 Commercial State Corporations and unit of observation was top management of each entity. The researcher applied purposive sampling to select top management and surveyed the total population of top management that derived a sample size of 364 participants. The study used primary data which was collected through structured questionnaires. The descriptive and inferential statistics was employed in the analysis. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) was used in regression modeling for prediction and causal inferences between study variables. The study findings indicated that Transformational Leadership has a significant relationship with ERM adoption. The study recommends that commercial state corporations embrace transformational leadership in order to enhance ERM adoption. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Enterprise Risk Management & Commercial State Corporations

scholarly journals The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of the Adoption of Green Fashion Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeddin Ahmad ◽  
Yasmeen Madi ◽  
Mohammad Abuhashesh ◽  
Nawras M. Nusairat ◽  
Ra’ed Masa’deh
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Environmental pollution from garment manufacturing is a major concern due to its widely-felt impact on climate change. Consequently, the researchers set about assessing KAP (Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) and its relationship with, and impact on, green fashion innovation adoption among Jordanian companies. This work examined the relationship between the independent variables, represented by KAP, and the dependent variable, which was Green Fashion Innovation Adoption in Jordan. A quantitative approach utilized a cross-sectional survey to gather primary data from upper and middle-level management in Jordanian garment companies. The sample size was 257 valid questionnaires. The results showed a statistically significant impact of knowledge and attitude toward green fashion innovation adoption, but failed to identify a statistically significant impact of practice on the same. This research contributes positively to the diffusion of awareness about going green in innovative methods and systems in Jordan’s garment industry, and provides suggestions to practitioners.

scholarly journals Linkage Strategies, Resource Conditions and University Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Orucho Michael Ngala ◽  
Zachary Bolo Awino
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Balanced Score Card ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Conditions ◽  
University Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study sought to contribute to knowledge by assessing the moderating effect of resource conditions on the relationship between linkage strategies and performance of universities in Kenya. Resource based view was used as the main theory anchoring the study. Cross-Sectional survey was adopted as the research design. The population of the study consists of sixty five (65) public and private universities incorporated in Kenya. Out of this, a sample of forty seven (47) universities which had undergone at least one graduation cycle was taken. Primary and secondary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and review of existing university documents and regulatory bodies’ websites respectively. Correlation and regression analyses were carried out to analyse data and to test hypotheses. Although it was not possible to include all the determinants of institutional performance, balanced score card was appropriately used to represent financial and non-financial aspects that constitute performance indicators. It was established that resource conditions have enhancing moderating effect on the relationship between linkage strategies and university performance in Kenya. The significance of firm resources and linkage components in strategy formulation and implementation cannot be overlooked. The key recommendation that the study offers as insights to theory, university authorities and policy makers, is the need to consider firm resource conditions as critical determinants during strategy formulation and implementation process in order to enhance university performance. The main limitation of this study is that primary data was collected from only one respondent per university but common methods bias was mitigated through the use of additional secondary data to validate primary data.

scholarly journals Quality Assurances Practices, Training Needs and International Students Mobility: Analysing the Nexuses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Abbo ◽  
Adamu Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
International Students ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

The role of education’s quality in determining international students’ choice of study destination was discussed by several studies. However, it only seems to have gained a huge prominence recently by constituting a theme in the quality management field involving empirical studies. In spite of such prominence the theme does not seems to provide sufficient empirical evidence forging a nexus between quality assurance practices, training needs and international student’s mobility. This research work therefore attempts to fill this gap by examining how the search for quality education and training needs satisfaction play role in international student’s mobility. Six dimensions of quality assurance in education were identified through extensive literature reviewed, three dimensions of training needs were equally revealed by the literature. Nine hypotheses were thus developed using these dimensions with the view to explain the relationship among the variables involved. The primary data for this study was obtained through a cross-sectional survey of International students in University Utara Malaysia with the aid of questionnaires, where a total of 150 respondents were selected randomly. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was adopted in analysing the collected data with smartPLS 2.0 to determine the relationship involved. The result supported the relationship between organizational needs, Tangibility of facilities, Nature of service delivery and international student’s mobility, while the other six relationships were not supported.  

scholarly journals Impact of meditation and physical activity behaviors on the relationship between perceptions of COVID-19 and mental health in mobile app users in the United States: Cross-sectional survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Green ◽  
Jennifer Huberty ◽  
Megan Puzia ◽  
Chad Stecher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been declared an international public health emergency with potentially long-lasting effects on mental health. There is a need to identify effective strategies to buffer the negative mental health impact of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To examine the regional differences in mental health and perceptions of COVID-19 in light of the state-level prevalence of COVID-19 cases, estimate the associations between perceptions of COVID-19 and health behavior engagement (i.e., physical activity, mindfulness meditation) and mental health, and explore the mediating effect of health behavior engagement on the relationship between perceptions of COVID-19 and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was distributed to a sample of US adult paying subscribers to the Calm app (data collection April 22 to June 3, 2020). The survey assessed perceptions of COVID-19, health behavior engagement, and mental health (i.e., perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety and depression). Statistical analyses were performed using R software. Differences in perceptions of COVID-19 and mental health by location were assessed using t-tests and chi-square tests. Logistic and OLS models regressed mental health and health behavior on COVID-19 perceptions, and Causal Mediation Analysis was used to estimate the significance of mediation effects. RESULTS The median age (N=8392) was 47 (SD=13.8) years. Mid-Atlantic region (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania) participants reported higher levels of stress, more severe depression symptoms, were more worried about COVID-19, paid more attention to COVID-19 news, and had more stress-related to social distancing recommendations than participants living in other regions. The relationship between worry about COVID-19 and perceived stress was significantly mediated by changes in physical activity (P<.001) and strength of meditation habit (P<.001). The relationship between worry about COVID-19 and PTSD symptoms was significantly mediated by changes in physical activity (P<.001) and strength of meditation habit (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings describe the mental health impact of COVID-19 and outline how continued participation in health behaviors such as physical activity and mindfulness meditation may buffer against worsening mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These data have important implications for public health agencies and health organizations to promote the maintenance of health habits to reduce the residual mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Vito Baridula ◽  
Dr. John Mark
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Workplace Justice ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behaviour in Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. The effects of procedural justice was tested on organizational citizenship behaviour measures such as altruism and sportsmanship.Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional survey design and data was generated from 193 respondents from the target Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. As a quantitative study, the primary data collection instrument for the study was the structured questionnaire. The test for the reliability for the instrument was carried out using the Cronbach alpha reliability instrument with a reliability threshold of 0.70. The Analysis comprised of the univariate (single variable assessments) bivariate (test for hypothetical relationships) while the bivariate analysis was carried out using the Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient at a 0.05 level of significance.Findings: Findings from the study revealed that workplace justice significantly impacts on the measures of OCB (altruism and sportsmanship) and also organizational culture was revealed to also significantly moderate the relationship between workplace justice and organizational citizenship behaviour in Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State. Based on the findings, it was concluded that there is significant relationship between the predictor and the measures of the criterion variables.Contribution to practice and Policy: The study recommended that OCB within an organization could be significantly increased by enhancing organizational fairness, particularly procedural justice. Bank managers should first improve the procedural justice and hence increase overall levels of perceived justice by involving employees in the procedures used in making decisions and allocating rewards

scholarly journals Exploring the Experiences of Persons Living With Dementia and Their Care Partners During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 521-521
Author(s):  
Jeanine Yonashiro Cho ◽  
Elizabeth Avent ◽  
Laura Mosqueda ◽  
Zachary Gassoumis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
Care Partners ◽  
Supportive Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Public health measures implemented to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 have transformed the physical and social environments in which we live. The effects of these policies on persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their care partners (CPs) are not fully understood. This study explores the experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of caregiving dyads during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional survey data were drawn from a larger longitudinal study examining the relationship between PLWD aged 65+ and their CPs being conducted in a metropolitan city significantly affected by COVID-19. Interviews with were conducted remotely via videoconferencing and telephone. Data on sources and types of care provided for the PLWD, relationship quality and conflict, and caregiver stress were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and tests of independence. Preliminary results from PLWD (n=8) and CPs (n=13) confirmed a reduction in social interaction with family members and friends. CPs reported they (n=5) or other family members (n=2) changed their schedules to provide care for the PLWD. CPs reported increased conflict with the PLWD regarding care provision, going out or welcoming visitors, and home management. In contrast, PLWD reported a lack of conflict among household members (n=6) and the perception of good changes (n=2) and increased quality time with CPs. Preliminary findings provide empirical evidence of the effects of pandemic public health policies on dyads enrolled in this study and reveal differences in perceived relational conflict between PLWD and their CPs. Further research is needed to better understand the experiences of dyads and develop supportive interventions.

scholarly journals Psychological Contracts and Employee Innovative Behaviours: A Moderated Mediation Effect Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Huihui Li ◽  
Congwei Xu ◽  
Huizhen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Psychological Contracts ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Demand ◽  
Organizational Tenure ◽  
The Relationship

According to Bakker and Demerouti’s work demand resource theory, abundant work resources can stimulate an individual’s initiative to the maximum extent and finally achieve ideal work results. However, few scholars have discussed if psychological states could affect work resources. We believe that relationship embeddedness is an important work resource in the context of Chinese human relationship culture. A low degree of embeddedness among employees would affect employees’ recognition of their organizations and reduce their motivation for voluntary innovative behaviours. This study was to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between psychological contracts and employee innovative behaviours as well as the mediating role and moderating role of relational embeddedness and organizational tenure. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Primary data were collected by a structured questionnaire targeting the employees in China. To test the hypotheses, data collected from 402 enterprise employees were used for a regression analysis in AMOS (version 22). We found that there is a significant positive correlation between psychological contract and employee innovation behaviour, while embedding strength and embedding quality mediated the influence of psychological contracts on employee innovative behaviours. Organizational tenure moderated the strength of the relationship between psychological contracts and employee innovative behaviours via embedding strength and embedding quality.

scholarly journals Does persistent meditation and physical activity mediate the relationship between perceptions of COVID-19 and mental health? A cross sectional survey of mobile app users in the United States.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeni Green ◽  
Jennifer Huberty ◽  
Megan Puzia ◽  
Chad Stecher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been declared an international public health emergency with potential long-lasting effects on mental health. The purpose of this survey was to examine the regional differences in mental health and perceptions of COVID-19 in light of the state-level prevalence of COVID-19 cases, estimate the associations between perceptions of COVID-19 and health behavior engagement (i.e., physical activity, mindfulness meditation) and mental health, and explore the mediating effect of health behavior engagement on the relationship between perceptions of COVID-19 and mental health.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to a sample of US adult paying subscribers to the Calm app (data collection April 22 to June 3, 2020). The survey assessed perceptions of COVID-19, health behavior engagement, and mental health (i.e., perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety and depression). All statistical analyses were performed using R software. Differences in perceptions of COVID-19 and mental health by location were assessed using t-tests and chi-square tests. Logistic and OLS models regressed mental health and health behavior on COVID-19 perceptions, and Causal Mediation Analysis was used to estimate the significance of mediation effects. Results: Median age (N=8392) was 47 (SD=13.8) years. Mid-Atlantic region participants reported higher levels of stress, more severe depression symptoms, were more worried about COVID-19, paid more attention to COVID-19 news, and had more stress related to social distancing recommendations than participants living in other regions. The relationship between worry about COVID-19 and perceived stress was significantly mediated by changes in physical activity (p<.001) and strength of meditation habit (p<.001). The relationship between worry about COVID-19 and PTSD symptoms was significantly mediated by changes in physical activity (p<.001) and strength of meditation habit (p<.001). Conclusions: Our findings describe the mental health impact of COVID-19 and outline how continued participation in health behaviors such as physical activity and mindfulness meditation may buffer against worsening mental health due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These data have important implications for public health agencies and health organizations to promote the maintenance of health habits to reduce the residual mental health burden of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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