Leishmaniasis and its relevance to UK Armed Forces

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
HC Preedy ◽  
MS Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. It causes a spectrum of clinical syndromes, of which the most common are cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Clinical presentation is highly variable and is dependent on multiple factors, such as Leishmania species and patient characteristics (including immune competence). The relationship between these variables is poorly understood, and there is no single, evidence-based treatment for the disease. Currently management focuses on identification of the species, but this requires specialist tests which are often unavailable, particularly on military operations. Leishmaniasis is of particular relevance to military medical personnel as it is endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, including Belize, Iraq and Afghanistan where UK Armed Forces may be deployed. It can present a potentially serious threat to military personnel deployed in endemic areas due to the possibility of long-term sequelae of infection.

Expressed Emotion in Staff Working with the Long-Term Adult Mentally Ill

1992 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Moore ◽  
R. A. Ball ◽  
L. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
General Health ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Disabled Patients ◽  
Patient Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Events

Staff-patient relationships in long-term settings were examined in 35 staff and 61 patients. Measures were also taken of the staff's general health, their coping style in relation to work events, and job satisfaction. A range of ratings of EE was evident in staff descriptions of patients under their care. Strain and criticism in the relationship were not associated with identified stressors in the workplace, or the general health of the carer. When patients were grouped according to high-EE and low-EE interviews, there were no significant differences in their symptoms. Criticism was associated with other patient characteristics, including aggressive and attention-seeking behaviour, underactivity, and limited social interaction. The findings have implications for staff training and for the maintenance of optimal staff-patient relationships in services supporting severely disabled patients.

scholarly journals Warfare Ecology Approaches in Issues of Military Operations

Hadmérnök ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
György Leskó
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Defence

The fulfilment of environmental protection requirements and social expectations has become a requirement in the field of military operations as well. Impacts that threaten the ecosystems increasingly occur during the activities of the armed forces and military operations. A recently created new field of science, the ecology of warfare, investigates the military, the support systems for the armed forces and national defence, and their relation to the environment as living systems above the level of the individual (like human ecology). Ecology of warfare examines habitats, the relationship between organisms and the environment in the military field. The capability-based, mission-based, coordinated (target, place and time) ability to use military forces has an impact on the ecology. The analysis of the place and role of military operations from the perspective of the ecology of warfare is an important, timely issue. In the study, the author analyses the tasks required for planning, organising and conducting a military operation and their relationship to environmental protection.

scholarly journals THE ESSENCE AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

2020 ◽  
pp. 721-728
Author(s):  
S. Poluianov
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Strategic Leadership ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Military Units ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plan Management

The article outlines the essence of strategic planning by analyzing the relationship between the main terms and concepts, such as strategy and strategic plan, management and planning, long-term and strategic planning and analyzes the existing system of strategic leadership of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military units. The differences between long-term and strategic planning are systematized. The table of differences between long-term and strategic planning is given as well. The issues of strategic leadership of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces are described in detail.

Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and His Relationship with the Army in France

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Alexander Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Military Development ◽  
The Military ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
The Relationship

One of the aspects of the activities of France’ President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing is considered — his relationship with the army in a comparative historical context, namely: the context of the relationship between civilian power and the military. The French specificity of these relations, which developed with the coming to power of General Charles de Gaulle in 1958, is shown. The peculiarities of the formed mechanism of military decision-making in France, which resulted from the concentration of powers and legitimacy by the President — Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, are highlighted. The analysis of the reasons for the urgent issues in the army by the beginning of the presidential term of V. Giscard d'Estaing is carried out; the President's measures to strengthen this key republican institution were assessed. Attention is paid to the attempts of V. Giscard d'Estaing to adapt the French policy of nuclear deterrence to the evolution of the geopolitical situation during his time in power, which did not always meet with support in the military environment and in civil society. Two episodes (in Chad and Zaire) were singled out as examples of France's external military operations (OPEX) on the African continent under V. Giscard d'Estaing, where his role as Commander-in-chief was most clearly manifested. The underestimated role of V. Giscard d'Estaing as head of State was noted, including in strengthening the country's defence potential and in creating conditions for the further advancement of military development.

Factors related to the high fall rate in long-term care residents with dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke M. Kosse ◽  
Maartje H. de Groot ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme ◽  
Tibor Hortobágyi ◽  
Claudine J.C. Lamoth
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Fall Rate ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Fall Rates ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:Falls in long-term care residents with dementia represent a costly but unresolved safety issue. The aim of the present study was to (1) determine the incidence of falls, fall-related injuries and fall circumstances, and (2) identify the relationship between patient characteristics and fall rate in long-term care residents with dementia.Methods:Twenty long-term care residents with dementia (80 ± 11 years; 60% male) participated. Falls were recorded on a standardized form, concerning fall injuries, time and place of fall and if the fall was witnessed. Patient characteristics (66 variables) were extracted from medical records and classified into the domains: demographics, activities of daily living, mobility, cognition and behavior, vision and hearing, medical conditions and medication use. We used partial least squares (PLS) regression to determine the relationship between patient characteristics and fall rate.Results:A total of 115 falls (5.1 ± 6.7 falls/person/year) occurred over 19 months, with 85% of the residents experiencing a fall, 29% of falls had serious consequences and 28% was witnessed. A combination of impaired mobility, indicators of disinhibited behavior, diabetes, and use of analgesics, beta blockers and psycholeptics were associated with higher fall rates. In contrast, immobility, heart failure, and the inability to communicate were associated with lower fall rates.Conclusions:Falls are frequent and mostly unwitnessed events in long-term care residents with dementia, highlighting the need for more effective and individualized fall prevention. Our analytical approach determined the relationship between a high fall rate and cognitive impairment, related to disinhibited behavior, in combination with mobility disability and fall-risk-increasing-drugs (FRIDs).

Obstructive jaundice: a clinical review for the UK armed forces

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
S K Roy ◽  
A Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Clinical Review ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObstructive jaundice is a clinical condition that indicates the possibility of a significant underlying disease process. This clinical review considers the pathophysiology, investigation and management of patients with obstructive jaundice and considers the particular challenges that medical personnel may face when deployed away from the United Kingdom (UK). It aims to give guidance with regard to the short- and long-term investigation and management of such patients.

Effect of Fungicides on Natural and Synthetic Rubber

1948 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
J. L. Stief ◽  
J. J. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Conditions

Abstract During the recent war a great part of the military operations were conducted in warm, humid, tropical regions, ideal for the growth of fungi. The protection of the cotton cloth used in rubber-coated fabrics thus became a major problem of the armed forces. Because the area was of minor importance in the world consumer market, comparatively little work had been done on this problem by the research laboratories of private industry. A tropical testing chamber which simulated tropical conditions was built at Fort Belvoir to study the problems of fungus growth and effective countermeasures. The problem was complicated by the possibility that the fungicide which had a protective effect on the cloth might have had a destructive effect on the rubber coating. Tests on pentachlorophenol and 2,2′-methylene-bis (4-chlorophenol) by two industrial concerns had indicated that these two fungicides had no adverse effect on either natural rubber or GR-S when used in small concentrations. Tests by another industrial concern had indicated that salicylanilide was satisfactory for use with natural rubber and Neoprene. However, because of the meager amount of information available, a study was conducted to determine what fungicides, and in what concentrations, might abnormally deteriorate rubber coatings.

scholarly journals Assessing Russia's Military Strategy In The Eastern Mediterranean Through The Establishment Of An A2/AD (Anti-Access/Anti Denial Zone)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Banyu Perwita
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Settlement

The Eastern Mediterranean has long been the area of interests of Russia’s military power. Referring to one of the on-going armed conflicts in the region, Russia has expanded its claws by militarily intervening in Syria to prevent the regime from collapsing. As the only left arbiter in the war who prioritize a political settlement in Syria, although there are various interests between the actors that involved, Russia has decided to involve in several military operations with Turkey. As the meaning to actualize its interest in operating an anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) zone in the Eastern Mediterranean, Russia is taking Turkey as its significant partner to simplify and to secure its interest in establishing an A2/AD zone. By analyzing several primary and secondary data, this research concluded that Russia’s goals have been divided into two, first is the short-term goal which is to keep Assad in power. Second, the long term goal which is to deter the influence of the Western by deploying its advanced armed forces in the Eastern Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: the Prospective Research In Stress-Related Military Operations (PRISMO) study in the Dutch Armed Forces

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e026670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sija J van der Wal ◽  
Rosalie Gorter ◽  
Alieke Reijnen ◽  
Elbert Geuze ◽  
Eric Vermetten
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Research

PurposeThe Prospective Research in Stress-Related Military Operations (PRISMO) study was initiated to gain a better understanding of the long-term impact of military deployment on mental health, and to map the different biological and psychological factors that contribute to the development of stress-related mental health symptoms.ParticipantsThe PRISMO cohort consists of a convenience sample of Dutch military personnel deployed to Afghanistan between 2005 and 2008. Baseline data collection resulted in the recruitment of 1032 military men and women. Combat troops as well as non-combat support troops were recruited to increase the representativeness of the sample to the population as a whole.Findings to dateThe prevalence of various mental health symptoms increases after deployment in PRISMO cohort members, but symptom progression over time appears to be specific for various mental health symptoms. For post-traumatic stress disorder, we found a short-term symptom increase within 6 months after deployment (8.2%), and a long-term symptom increase at 5 years after deployment (12.9%). Several biological vulnerability factors associated with the development of stress-related conditions after deployment were identified, including predeployment glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and predeployment testosterone level. Thus far, 34 publications have resulted from the cohort.Future plansVarious analyses are planned that will include the prevalence of mental health symptoms at 10 years postdeployment, as well as trajectory analyses that capture the longitudinal development of symptoms. Furthermore, we will use a machine learning approach to develop predictive and network models for several mental health symptoms, incorporating biological, psychological and social factors.

Forty years’ personal experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Norton-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speaking Truth To Power

This article reflects a journalist’s personal experience of reporting on the UK military, analysing the relationship between senior military figures and the Ministry of Defence (their political masters) and the media. Topics covered include manipulation of the media and the popularity of the armed forces, as well as unpopular, ill-planned, military operations, notably Iraq and Afghanistan. The author also examines other operations, notably the wars in the Falklands and Kosovo, the 1991 Gulf War and the Scott Arms-to-Iraq Inquiry. The article goes on to explore leaks by frustrated military; tensions between military commanders and ministers; the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review; military chiefs not speaking truth to power; ministers jealous of the military’s close relations with journalists; and the Defence Advisory Notice Committee. The author reveals how official secrecy is honoured more in the breach than in its observance, especially concerning the special forces.

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