scholarly journals Assessing Russia's Military Strategy In The Eastern Mediterranean Through The Establishment Of An A2/AD (Anti-Access/Anti Denial Zone)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Banyu Perwita
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Settlement

The Eastern Mediterranean has long been the area of interests of Russia’s military power. Referring to one of the on-going armed conflicts in the region, Russia has expanded its claws by militarily intervening in Syria to prevent the regime from collapsing. As the only left arbiter in the war who prioritize a political settlement in Syria, although there are various interests between the actors that involved, Russia has decided to involve in several military operations with Turkey. As the meaning to actualize its interest in operating an anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) zone in the Eastern Mediterranean, Russia is taking Turkey as its significant partner to simplify and to secure its interest in establishing an A2/AD zone. By analyzing several primary and secondary data, this research concluded that Russia’s goals have been divided into two, first is the short-term goal which is to keep Assad in power. Second, the long term goal which is to deter the influence of the Western by deploying its advanced armed forces in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Leishmaniasis and its relevance to UK Armed Forces

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
HC Preedy ◽  
MS Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLeishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sandflies. It causes a spectrum of clinical syndromes, of which the most common are cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Clinical presentation is highly variable and is dependent on multiple factors, such as Leishmania species and patient characteristics (including immune competence). The relationship between these variables is poorly understood, and there is no single, evidence-based treatment for the disease. Currently management focuses on identification of the species, but this requires specialist tests which are often unavailable, particularly on military operations. Leishmaniasis is of particular relevance to military medical personnel as it is endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, including Belize, Iraq and Afghanistan where UK Armed Forces may be deployed. It can present a potentially serious threat to military personnel deployed in endemic areas due to the possibility of long-term sequelae of infection.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment Led Growth Hypothesis and Economic Development in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-393
Author(s):  
Ubong Edem Effiong ◽  
Nora Francis Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Bounds Test ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

This study was an inquiry into the nexus of the foreign-direct investment (FDI) led growth hypothesis, and how it translates into the development of the Nigerian economy as of 1970 – 2018. The study utilized secondary data from the ‘World Development Indicators’ which were analysed using the Bounds test for cointegration and the ‘autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to divulge both the short-term cum the long-term influence of foreign direct investment net inflow on ‘economic development’ of Nigeria. The Bounds test was conducted after the unit root test revealed that the variables were stationary at mixed order of level and first difference. The outcome of the ARDL Bounds test supported confirmation of long-term association among the variables. The ARDL short-run error correction showed that 14.62% of the instability in the model was corrected yearly. In the short-term, it was discovered that FDI wielded a deleterious and substantial weight on ‘economic development of Nigeria. Meanwhile, the long-term estimates indicated that FDI influenced economic development positively, though not in a significant manner. The Granger causality test supported the fact that FDI causes ‘economic development’ in Nigeria. Given this potential of FDI exerting a positive effect on ‘economic development’, the paper recommended that bottlenecks inherent in FDI influxes in the country should be removed so as to reap the fullest benefits of such inflows in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Implikasi Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pengampunan Pajak (Tax Amnesty) Dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agus Saiful Abib ◽  
Efi Yulistyowati ◽  
Amri Panahatan Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
National Tax

<p>Tahun 2016, pemerintah mengeluarkan kembali kebijakan <em>Tax</em> <em>Amnesty </em>yang dituangkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak. Pengampunan Pajak (<em>Tax</em> <em>Amnesty)</em> ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan pajak dalam jangka pendek melalui pembayaran uang tebusan, meningkatkan penerimaan pajak dalam jangka panjang melalui perluasan basis data pemajakan, meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, transisi ke sistem perpajakan baru yang lebih kuat dan adil, dan mendorong rekonsiliasi perpajakan nasional. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, untuk mengetahui apakah program <em>Tax</em> <em>Amnesty</em> Indonesia Tahun 2016 berhasil atau tidak, khususnya dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang : “Implikasi Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak (<em>Tax</em> <em>Amnesty</em>) dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak”. Adapun permasalahan yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana implikasi penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak<em> (Tax</em> <em>Amnesty)</em> dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak ? Berdasarkan implikasi tersebut, maka bagaimana sebaiknya pengaturan perpajakan yang akan datang ? Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif yang akan dikaji dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, spesifikasi penelitiannya diskriptif analitis, data yang dipergunakan data sekunder, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implikasi penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengampunan Pajak<em> (Tax</em> <em>Amnesty)</em> dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak, dan berdasarkan implikasi tersebut SE Dirjen Pajak No. SE - 06/PJ/2017 seharusnya tidak hanya untuk tahun pajak 2017 saja, tetapi juga untuk tahun-tahun yang akan datang. Di samping itu perlu ada peraturan yang mengatur tentang pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan hak Wajib Pajak.</p><pre>In 2016, the government re-issue the Tax Amnesty policy as outlined in Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amnesty. The Tax Amnesty is expected to increase tax revenue in the short term through ransom payments, increase tax revenues over the long term through the expansion of taxation databases, increase taxpayer compliance, transition to a stronger and more just tax system, and encourage national tax reconciliation. In relation to this matter, to find out whether the program of Tax Amnesty Indonesia Year 2016 succeed or not, especially in increasing taxpayer compliance, it is necessary to do research on: "Implications Implementation of Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amnesty in Improving Taxpayer Compliance ". The problem to be discussed is how the implications of the implementation of Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amendment (Tax Amnesty) in improving taxpayer compliance? Based on these implications, then how should the taxation arrangements to come? Based on the problem, this type of research is normative juridical which will be studied with the approach of legislation, the analytical descriptive research specification, the data used secondary data, which analyzed qualitatively. The result of the research shows that the implication of the implementation of Law Number 11 Year 2016 on Tax Amnesty can improve Taxpayer compliance, and based on the implication of SE Dirjen Pajak No. SE - 06 / PJ / 2017 should not only be for the fiscal year 2017 alone, but also for the years to come. In addition, there should be a regulation that regulates the supervision of the implementation of taxpayers' rights.</pre>

scholarly journals Integration of Indonesian Coffee Markets with World Coffee Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Haposan Orlando Napitupulu ◽  
Ana Arifatus Sa'diyah ◽  
Farah Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Coffee Markets

This study aims to analyze the integration of the Arabica and Robusta coffee markets in Indonesia with world coffee prices. The study uses secondary data in the form of annual time series data during the period 1985 - 2015. The study uses the VECM analysis method. This method explains the relationship of long-term dynamic equilibrium and short-term equilibrium in a system of equations. The analysis shows that Indonesian and world Arabica coffee is not integrated in the long term or the short term. In Robusta coffee VECM estimation analysis shows that there is a significant value at the 10% level in a long-term relationship with a value of 0.08579, which means that there is a short-term relationship between world Robusta coffee prices and domestic Robusta coffee prices in the previous year, but no relationship in the long run.

scholarly journals ANALISIS INDEKS KONDISI KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH PROVINSI ACEH TAHUN 2015-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Irna Mardi Yati ◽  
Jhon Andra Asmara
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Flexibility ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Banda Aceh

The study aims to analyze the region's financial state in aceh within 2015-2017. The financial condition is measured by using indexing measures developed by ritonga (2014), which are made up of six dimensions of short term solvability, long-term solvability, budget solvability, financial flexibility, financial independence, service solvability. In 2015, analysis was developed by augmenting the operational solvability dimension. This study is using qualitative descriptive methods and analysed a secondary data obtained through documentary techniques. The result of this study shows that within 3 years the financial district/city in aceh that got the best category of index value is Sabang (0.488), Banda Aceh (0.452), Aceh Tengah (0.444), Aceh Besar (0.389), and Gayo Lues (0.382). While the area government with the value of the financial conditions of the lowest financial level or ranked category is Aceh Tenggara (0,177), Aceh Singkil (0,148) Lhokseumawe (0,106).

scholarly journals PENGARUH UTANG TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD & BEVERAGE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maizah Rosita ◽  
Rilla Gantino
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Test Result

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of The Debt (Long Term Liabilities to Total Assets and Liabilities Total Assets) to the return on assets, return on equity and earning per share. The research used secondary data from annual financial report  of Food & Beverage Company from 2011-2015 listed on BEI,  used  purposive sampling method and used multiple regression analysis. Based on the test result of simultan or test F The Long Term Liabilities to Total Assets and Short Term Liabilities is significant to the Return On Assets, Return On Equity and Earning per share. Result of partial test  or T Test, Long Term Liabilities to Total Assets is not significant on Return On assets, Short Term Liabilities to Total Assets is significant on Return on Assets. Long Term Liabilities to Total Assets is not significant to Return On Equity, Short Term Liabilities to Total Assets significant to Return On Equity, Long Term Liabilities to Total Assets in not significant to Earning per share, and Short Term Liabilities to Total assets is significant to Earning per share.

scholarly journals Ambulances under siege in Syria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e001003
Author(s):  
C Hayes Wong ◽  
Christine Yen-Ting Chen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Syrian Conflict ◽  
Forms Of Violence

BackgroundHealthcare is under attack in Syria with repeated air strikes on hospitals and ambulances and the largest death toll of health workers in any recorded conflict.1 Ambulances in Syria have been bombed, shot at, stolen, looted and obstructed, significantly impeding their ability to safely evacuate the wounded and provide medical aid.MethodsThis article presents the summary of a literature review on attacks against ambulances in Syria from 2011 to 2018, as well as a descriptive secondary data analysis on individual attacks reported by the Syrian Network for Human Rights from January 2016 to December 2017. A peer-reviewed literature search included three databases (PubMed, ProQuest and Embase), and a grey literature search included reports from groups involved in the Syrian health response or human rights monitoring.FindingsFrom 2016 to 2017, there were 204 individual attacks involving 243 ambulances. Half (49%) were either heavily damaged or put out of service. The main perpetrators were the Syrian regime (60%) and the Russian armed forces (29%). Half (52%) of ambulances were directly targeted. The peer-reviewed literature search yielded 18 articles, from which the following themes were drawn: targeting of ambulances, ‘double-tap’ attacks, delays to care, obstruction and other forms of violence, and long-term consequences.InterpretationAmbulances have been intentionally and repeatedly targeted throughout the Syrian conflict as part of a war strategy. Real challenges in monitoring and systematically tracking attacks on ambulances exist, but as a result, they are understudied and likely under-reported.

Analysis of Factors that Affect the Movement of Gold’s Price as Investment Alternatives in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-881
Author(s):  
Yuli Eni ◽  
Rudy Aryanto
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Gold Price ◽  
Garch Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Price Forecast

This study examined the dominant factors that affecting the price of gold. The factors examined are London Gold price returns, the return rate of USD—INR, JCI return, inflation rate, and the return of the EURO—USD currency, which individually or simultaneously can affect the price of gold. The purpose of this study was to investigate how influence the factors that are considered to affect the fluctuation of gold prices and gold prices predicted for the next period which can be used by investors to seek alternative investment to be made. The results will provide information to investors about gold price forecast both long-term and short-term. This study uses secondary data taken from several websites. Further data have been obtained, processed using the method of Multiple Linear Regression Model and the ECM with GARCH models, using e-views 8 and SPSS 22. As for the results obtained from the processing of the data is simultaneously the influence of variable returns no London Gold price, return rate USD—CAD, JCI return, inflation rate, and the return of the EURO currency—USD, with the return of gold in Indonesia. Individually, the variable returns the London Gold price and exchange rate USD—CAD who have an influence on the return of gold prices in Indonesia.

Converting treaties into tactics on military operations

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (895-896) ◽  
pp. 919-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Carswell
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Operational Guidance ◽  
Direct Attack

AbstractDespite widespread State acceptance of the international law governing military use of force across the spectrum of operations, the humanitarian reality in today's armed conflicts and other situations of violence worldwide is troubling. The structure and incentives of armed forces dictate the need to more systematically integrate that law into operational practice. However, treaty and customary international law is not easily translated into coherent operational guidance and rules of engagement (RoE), a problem that is exacerbated by differences of language and perspective between the armed forces and neutral humanitarian actors with a stake in the law's implementation. The author examines the operative language of RoE with a view to facilitating the work of accurately integrating relevant law of armed conflict and human rights law norms. The analysis highlights three crucial debates surrounding the use of military force and their practical consequences for operations: the dividing line between the conduct of hostilities and law enforcement frameworks, the definition of membership in an organized armed group for the purpose of lethal targeting, and the debate surrounding civilian direct participation in hostilities and the consequent loss of protection against direct attack.

scholarly journals Macro Variable Effect Analysis and Non-Performing Financing (NPF) Against the Return On Asset (ROA) Islamic Banks In Indonesia Year 2008-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Fikri Ainul Qolbi ◽  
Dwi Pratika Karisma ◽  
Imron Rosyadi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Macro Variables

Islamic Banks is a business entity that raises and distributes funds from the community and for the community. The study was conducted to analyze the macro variables and NPF (Non-Performing Finance) to ROA (Return on Assets) to determine the relationship between short-term and long-term between variables. The analysis model used is the Eagle Granger ECM Stage Two test that uses secondary data from the serial data (time series). The results of this study indicate that NPF simultaneously, GDP, and interest rates affect the ROA. Partially GDP positive and significant effects in the long term and short term, NPF positive and significant effect in the long term, interest rate, and no significant positive effect on ROA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document