scholarly journals 629 On – line ergonomic web assessments – a valuable, cost-effective tool for prevention of musculo-skeletal discomfort in global corporate offices

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore Madhwani ◽  
HV Ravimohan ◽  
Nadarajan Guharajan ◽  
Akhtur Salman ◽  
VR Mohril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
On Line ◽  
Corporate Offices

Evanescent Fiber Sensor for Determining Water Content in Polar Organic Solvents

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 724-727
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Wang ◽  
Fei Bing Xiong ◽  
Wen Zhang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Fiber Sensors ◽  
Polar Organic Solvents ◽  
On Line ◽  
Sapphire Fiber

The feasibility of sapphire fiber sensors based on evanescent absorption spectroscopy in the infrared range for determination of water content in polar organic solvents has been investigated. Evanescent absorption spectra of sapphire fiber sensors in glycerol, ethanol and glycol with different volume concentrations were recorded and analyzed, respectively. Evanescent absorbance around 2.7μm of fiber sensors in those organic solvents has been utilized to implement for in situ monitoring water concentration in organic solvents. The evanescent fiber sensors for monitoring water concentrations in those organic solvents are acceptably accurate, cost-effective and reliable. Overall results demonstrate that the sapphire fiber sensor based on evanescent absorption is a promising candidate for prediction of water content in polar organic solvents in on-line and remote situation.

Ash Management and Metals Recovery in Broward County, FL

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Tewari ◽  
Sandy Gutner
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Broward County ◽  
The South ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Energy Facility ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
On Line ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Broward County (the County), which is located on the southeast coast of Florida, is currently faced with an ash management and metals recovery decision. The County has two mass burn resource recovery plants and they process a combined total of approximately 1.65 million tons of MSW. The ash residue from these two facilities is currently landfilled. At one facility, the South Broward Waste-to-Energy Facility (the South County Facility), ferrous was being recovered at the ash monofill using mobile equipment, as the plant was not equipped with metals recovery equipment. But as market prices dropped, so did the ferrous metals recovery. This has adversely affected the useful life of the ash monofill, owned by the County. The County is looking for a cost–effective alternative for an on–line metals (ferrous and non–ferrous) recovery system.

Haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Locatelli ◽  
Celestina Manzoni ◽  
Giuseppe Pontoriero ◽  
Vincenzo La Milia ◽  
Salvatore Di Filippo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

Many observational studies have consistently shown that high-flux haemodialysis (hf-HD) has positive effects on the survival and morbidity of uraemic patients when compared with low-flux haemodialysis, and mainly considering the results of Membrane Permeability Outcome (MPO) studies there is evidence favouring high-flux treatments. A further improvement in convective treatments is represented by the on-line modality. On-line preparation from fresh dialysate by a cold-sterilizing filtration process is a cost-effective method of providing large volumes of infusion solution. Randomized, controlled, large-sized trials with long follow-up in haemofiltration (HF) are unfortunately lacking, possibly suggesting the difficulties in performing these trials, mainly in providing the same urea Kt/V considered adequate in HD. On-line haemodiafiltration (HDF) is considered the most efficient technique of using high-flux membranes, and clearances of small solutes like urea are higher in HDF than in HF and of middle solutes like β‎‎‎2-microglobulin are higher than in hf-HD. Thus HDF, as a strategy based on simultaneous diffusive and convective transport, may combine the beneficial effects of diffusive standard HD with the possible advantages of convective HF. Five large, randomized controlled trials just concluded are inconclusive in definitively clarifying the impact of on-line HDF on chronic kidney disease stage 5 patient outcomes.

Process audit and asset assessment using on-line instrumentation

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
John B. Watts ◽  
Andrew R. Cavenor-Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
On Line ◽  
Plant Sampling

The traditional approach to assessing the performance of an Activated Sludge Plant (ASP) is to conduct an expensive and often labour intensive through-plant sampling survey. The results from this kind of survey do not give an accurate picture of the plant performance in real time, and often can be ruined by inaccurate or spoilt analytical results. A new approach to Process Audits has been developed based on on-line instrumentation and remote monitoring. The key equipment required to dynamically monitor the ASP performance is the MSL Respirometer which is used to measure organic loading, required retention time and aeration system requirements. Auto-cleaning, auto-calibrating Dissolved Oxygen sensors are used in conjunction with a Respirometer to assess the aeration system efficiency (actual Kla value) and the maximum oxygen demand (OUR) which can be sustained by the plant. Ultrasonic flow meters are used to determine flow splits and actual plant retention time which is compared to the required retention time measured by the Respirometer. Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) profiles are monitored continuously using a self-cleaning optical sensor, which is used along with Respirometric readings to measure the effect of poor wastage regimes and ingress of inert solids. On-line ammonia, phosphate and nitrate monitors can be used to give information on the diurnal variation of nutrients, related to the loading on the plant. As well as the normal plant operation, the effect of shock loads, storm conditions and sludge liquor returns can all be assessed. All instruments are linked via a serial communications loop to a modern and telephone line. The plant is monitored remotely, making it an unobtrusive survey allowing operations to continue as normal and giving a true picture of the plant performance. This approach has been used on several UK sewage treatment works and has proven to be a cost-effective method. In one case a proposed capital spend on final settlement tanks was shown to be unnecessary; in another case the plant was shown to be unable to support a nitrifying biomass.

Vision Impairment and Electronic Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Reima Suomi ◽  
Irene Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Blind People ◽  
On Line ◽  
Modern Technologies

Vision impaired are in a distinctive disadvantage when using computer screens based on visual presentation of data. Their situation becomes increasingly critical, as most society services, including issues such as eCommerce, eBusiness, eHealth, and eGovernment go on-line. Yet modern technologies can too offer solutions to their problems, both at hardware and software level, and often with reasonable cost. Effective ICT can open up new communication channels and functionalities for say totally blind people, that would not have been available for them otherwise. General sensitivity for this issue, and especially sensitivity among designers of governmental e-services must be developed. eGovernment is an especially demanding activity area as it comes to all sorts of imparities (not just vision impairment), as governmental services are often in a monopoly service delivery situation: citizen have to use them and there is often no other alternative. The issue binds it to the wider discussion on digital divide, where vision impairment is one cause for digital divide, and often very devastating, especially if still combined with other sources of digital divide.

Vision Impairment and Electronic Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 261-273
Author(s):  
Reima Suomi ◽  
Irene Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Blind People ◽  
On Line ◽  
Modern Technologies

The visually-impaired are in a distinctive disadvantage when using computer screens based on visual presentation of data. Their situation becomes increasingly critical, as most society services, including issues such as e-Commerce, e-Business, e-Health, and e-Government go on-line. Yet modern technologies can too offer solutions to their problems, both at hardware and software level, and often with reasonable cost. Effective ICT can open up new communication channels and functionalities for say totally blind people, which would not have been available for them otherwise. General sensitivity for this issue, and especially, sensitivity among designers of governmental e-services must be developed. E-Government is an especially demanding activity area as it comes to all sorts of imparities (not just vision impairment), as governmental services are often in a monopoly service delivery situation: citizen have to use them, and there is often no other alternative. The issue binds it to the wider discussion on digital divide, where vision impairment is one cause for digital divide, and often very devastating, especially if still combined with other sources of digital divide.

An Overview of the Trunk Scheduling System for the London Ring Main

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burnell ◽  
Julia Race ◽  
Phil Evans
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scheduling System ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Water Hydraulic ◽  
Water Ring ◽  
Core Part ◽  
Operating Regimes

The London Water Ring Main is one of UK's largest water investments. It will eventually carry half of London's water and greatly increase the flexibility of London's trunk distribution network. The Trunk Scheduling System is a core part of decision-support for the enhanced network. It has been written to help Operational Controllers make best use of that extra flexibility. Cost-effective operation makes best use of the cheapest treatment works, lowenergy-loss routes and off-peak tariffs. These need to be combined to meet projected diurnal demands in over 50 zones and leave each of some 20 service reservoirs at a target end volume, whilst taking no more than the declared “reliable output” from each of 10 works. The schedule proposed must be hydraulically viable as well as cheap. Most route constraints arise from pressure limits (so as not to burst mains or leave customers without water). Hydraulic constraints are non-linear and require on-line hydraulic intelligence as the schedule is developed. The key idea is to regard a schedule as a series of “operating regimes”, each of which is applied for a specified duration. Each regime applies within a particular timeslice. It comprises settings for each pump in the network, together with its implications: a unit cost and the effect of those settings on each source and each reservoir under hydraulic equilibrium. Trunk Scheduling provides a series of modules to answer the questions:which regimes (of the billions possible) should make up the schedule?how long should each selected regime be applied for?in which sequence should the chosen regimes be applied?

Advancements in Toxicity Testing Applied to Design and Control of Biological Processes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Herricks ◽  
B. E. Rittmann ◽  
C. P. L. Grady ◽  
D. Pascoe ◽  
L. Somlyódy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Line Detection ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Disturbance ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control

Toxicity testing is an essential tool for assessing the effects of, and fate of, many low-concentration toxicants in wastewater treatment systems. Toxicity testing can be divided into two parts: diagnostic toxicology evaluates the toxicity of a contaminant, effluent, or process, and toxicological engineering bases engineering design on the removal or production of toxicity. This paper presents six recent advancements in diagnostic toxicology and toxicological engineering identified by members of the Specialty Group on Hazard Assessment and Control of Environmental Contaminants. They are: (1) an ecological framework for applying toxicity testing, (2) biological early warning systems for on-line detection of toxic inputs, (3) inplant testing to detect and mitigate a toxic upset, (4) methods for rapid and cost-effective detection of genotoxins, (5) an approach for determining what discharged component must be controlled to eliminate an ecosystem disturbance, and (6) an application of process kinetics to design biological processes that are resistant to toxic upsets.

Fault detection and diagnosis in liquid chillers

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Rueda ◽  
S. A. Tassou ◽  
I. N. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fault Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Refrigeration Equipment ◽  
On Line ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Microprocessor Technology ◽  
Discharge Pressure

Automated fault detection and diagnosis of refrigeration equipment is important in maintaining efficient performance, reducing energy consumption, and increasing the reliability and availability of these systems. The reducing costs of microprocessor technology and the incorporation of more sophisticated monitoring equipment on to even fairly small refrigeration plant, now makes the introduction of on-line fault detection and diagnosis on refrigeration equipment feasible and cost effective. This paper reports on the development of a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system for liquid chillers based on artificial intelligence techniques. The system was designed to monitor plant performance and to detect and diagnose faults through comparison with expected behaviour and previous experience of fault characteristics. The system operates on line in real time on a Java 2 platform and was initially used to detect refrigerant charge conditions. The results indicate that the FDD system developed is able to detect and diagnose fault conditions arising from low or high refrigerant charge correctly, using two parameters as detectors: condenser refrigerant outlet temperature and discharge pressure.

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