Symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-139090
Author(s):  
Rajanbir Kaur ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common microbial infection found in all ages and sexes which involves inflammation of the urinary tract. These infections can range from simple bladder inflammation, that is, cystitis, to severe cases of uroseptic shock. UTI ranks as the number 1 infection that leads to a prescription of antibiotics after a doctor’s visit. These infections are sometimes distressing and even life threatening, and both males (12%) and females (40%) have at least one symptomatic UTI throughout their lives. Diagnostic failures in case of bacterial infections are the main contributing factor in improper use of antibiotics, delay in treatment and low survival rate in septic conditions. So, early diagnosis and appropriate therapy with antibiotics are the most significant requirements for preventing complicated UTI conditions such as urosepsis. This review article summarises the symptoms of the UTIs and the associated risk factors to it. The various conventional and recent diagnostic methods were also discussed in this review, along with treatment therapies with or without antibiotics.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study on hospitalised patients with suspected urinary tract infection and risk factors por multidrug resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Garcia-Bustos ◽  
Ana Isabel Renau Escrig ◽  
Cristina Campo López ◽  
Rosario Alonso Estellés ◽  
Koen Jerusalem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and a frequent cause for hospitalization in the elderly. The aim of our study was to analyse epidemiological, microbiological, therapeutic, and prognostic of elderly hospitalised patients with and to determine independent risk factors for multidrug resistance and its outcome implications. A single-centre observational prospective cohort analysis of 163 adult patients hospitalized for suspected symptomatic UTI in the Departments of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Short-Stay Medical Unit of a tertiary hospital was conducted. Most patients currently admitted to hospital for UTI are elderly and usually present high comorbidity and severe dependence. More than 55% met sepsis criteria but presented with atypical symptoms. Usual risk factors for multidrug resistant pathogens were frequent. Almost one out of five patients had been hospitalized in the 90 days prior to the current admission and over 40% of patients had been treated with antibiotic in the previous 90 days. Infection by MDR bacteria was independently associated with the previous stay in nursing homes or long-term care facilities (LTCF) (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.17–29.00), permanent bladder catheter (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.00–12.50) and urinary incontinence (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.04–6.68). The degree of dependence and comorbidity, female sex, obesity, and bacteraemia were independent predictors of longer hospital stay. The epidemiology and presentation of UTIs requiring hospitalisation is changing over time. Attention should be paid to improve management of urinary incontinence, judicious catheterisation, and antibiotic therapy.

Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women, Assessment of Associated Risk Factors in Makkah, KSA

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
A.M. Ashshi ◽  
H. S. Faidah ◽  
A.A. Saati ◽  
G.A.A. El-Ella ◽  
Ahmad K. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Bacteria of Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections at a University Hospital in Egypt: Identification and Associated Risk Factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 895-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma A. Amer ◽  
Heba A. Mohtady ◽  
Iman M. El-Behedy ◽  
Salem Khalil ◽  
Yasser A. El-Hendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Associated Risk Factors for Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Internally Displaced Pregnant Women in Niger Delta Camps, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 5275-5281
Author(s):  
Faith Diorgu ◽  
Maynard Ehianu ◽  
Anacletus Francis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Associated Risk Factors for Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Internally Displaced Pregnant Women in Niger Delta Camps, Nigeria   Abstract This study investigated associated risk factors for bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women in Niger Delta camps. The objectives of the study were to determine the association between age, parity, trimester of pregnancy, religion and the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women. The population of the study comprised 108 internally displaced pregnant women who also formed the study sample as no sampling method was adopted due to the limited number of study participants. The tools for data collection was midstream urine samples collected using sterile screw-capped universal containers, the instruments used in isolating the bacterial uropathogens, include Cysteine-Lactose Deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey and Nutrient agar plates as well as a structured checklist in socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used for data analysis and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was employed in the analytical process. Results from the study showed there was no significant association between age, parity, trimester of pregnancy, and the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women (P>0.05). However, religion was significantly associated with the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women (P<0.05).  The study concluded that there is an increasing incidence of bacterial urinary tract infections among internally displaced pregnant women linked to religious beliefs.  Based on the study findings, early routine screening of all internally pregnant women presenting or not presenting with clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection is recommended. The need for good personal and environmental hygiene to be encouraged in internally displaced persons’ camps. Keywords: Associated risk factors, Bacterial urinary tract infection, Internally Displaced Women, Camps, Niger Delta    

scholarly journals Prevalence of CTX-M beta-Lactamases in Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections and associated risk factors among women in Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Cecile Djuikoue ◽  
Omer Njajou ◽  
Hortense Gonsu Kamga ◽  
Charles Fokunang ◽  
Adamo Bongoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: In recent years, a worldwide dissemination of CTX-M beta-lactamase-type in Escherichia coli strains isolates from community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) has been observed. However little is known on the prevalence and risk factors of this global threat in developing countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to study the prevalence and risk factors for CA-UTI in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: Eighty six patients with urinary E.coli infection recruited from 10 health structures in the town of Yaoundé, Cameroon. After taking the first urine, faeces were collected from the patients for the study of the intestinal flora. The sample collection of faeces was done on a selected gel of enterobacteria resistant to third generation of cephalosporin. The molecular typing of extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) was carried out. Results: Eighty-six strains of E. coli from 86 patients were included. We found that 39 (45.3%) strains produced an extendedspectrum beta-lactamase. Among risk factors, previous use of antibiotic and the dry season were associated with the presence of an ESBL-producing strain in the urine. All ESBL were identified as CTX-M. The production of CTX-M was found to be significantly associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and to the association of trimethoprim-sulfamethazole. Conclusions: The prevalence of CTX-M ESBL in Yaoundé, Cameroon, provides new evidence on the global dissemination of CTX-M and the extent of this phenomenon in developing countries.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women at Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 454-458
Author(s):  
Shikha Thakur ◽  
Dr. Komal Lata Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections “UTIs” are one of the frequently encountered problems during pregnancy. Untreated UTI can be associated with serious obstetric complications.  Hence the management and prevention of UTI in pregnancy is the crucial factor for the sustained pregnant period. Hence the present study was designed to identify the pathogenic agents of UTI and its associated risk factors in antenatal mothers in two private hospitals at Kathmandu city. Aim: The main objective of the study was to identify the etiological agent and associated risk factor in Urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal care service visit in a selected hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Time of Study: The study was carried out under the supervision of University and field study was carried out in Kathmandu, Nepal from March 2019 to October 2019. Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed at the Norvic Hospital and Baidya and Banskota hospital from March 2019 to October 2019. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 510, clean catch midstream urine (MSU) samples were collected aseptically and analyzed using standard microbiology methods. Data for the factors associated with UTI were obtained by use of questionnaires and standard laboratory tests for selected underlying conditions concerning associated risk factors were collected using structured questionnaires and the sample was also processed for antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing. Results: The study revealed 193/510(37.84%) UTI prevalence among patients attending two hospitals in Kathmandu valley. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterial uropathogen with 119/193(61.6%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 35/193(18.13%), Staphylococcus aureus 22/193 (11.39%), Proteus mirabilis 7/193 (3.6%), Enterococcus faecalis 2/193 (1.0%), Enterobacter aerogenes2/193(1.0%) Serratia odorifera 3/193(1.5%), Streptococcus species3/193(1.5%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of urinary tract infection in pregnant women warrant the need to screen all pregnant women and treat those infected with appropriate antimicrobial regimens in order to reduce its complications. Urinary Tract Infection screening is essential in pregnant women.

scholarly journals The Bactericidal Tandem Drug, AB569: How to Eradicate Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Multiple Disease Settings Including Cystic Fibrosis, Burns/Wounds and Urinary Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Hassett ◽  
Rhett A. Kovall ◽  
Michael J. Schurr ◽  
Nalinikanth Kotagiri ◽  
Harshita Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Human Infections

The life-threatening pandemic concerning multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is an evolving problem involving increased hospitalizations, billions of dollars in medical costs and a remarkably high number of deaths. Bacterial pathogens have demonstrated the capacity for spontaneous or acquired antibiotic resistance and there is virtually no pool of organisms that have not evolved such potentially clinically catastrophic properties. Although many diseases are linked to such organisms, three include cystic fibrosis (CF), burn/blast wounds and urinary tract infections (UTIs), respectively. Thus, there is a critical need to develop novel, effective antimicrobials for the prevention and treatment of such problematic infections. One of the most formidable, naturally MDR bacterial pathogens is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) that is particularly susceptible to nitric oxide (NO), a component of our innate immune response. This susceptibility sets the translational stage for the use of NO-based therapeutics during the aforementioned human infections. First, we discuss how such NO therapeutics may be able to target problematic infections in each of the aforementioned infectious scenarios. Second, we describe a recent discovery based on years of foundational information, a novel drug known as AB569. AB569 is capable of forming a “time release” of NO from S-nitrosothiols (RSNO). AB569, a bactericidal tandem consisting of acidified NaNO2 (A-NO2–) and Na2-EDTA, is capable of killing all pathogens that are associated with the aforementioned disorders. Third, we described each disease state in brief, the known or predicted effects of AB569 on the viability of PA, its potential toxicity and highly remote possibility for resistance to develop. Finally, we conclude that AB569 can be a viable alternative or addition to conventional antibiotic regimens to treat such highly problematic MDR bacterial infections for civilian and military populations, as well as the economical burden that such organisms pose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document