Genetic properties of bla CTX-M, bla SHV and bla TEM genes in ESBL producing E. coli clinical isolates

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli is a serious global public health problem that requires timely and accurate control of resistant strains. This is the first report on the detection of resistant E. coli isolates in hospitals of Adjara. We studied the genetic profile of Escherichia coli isolates producing ESBL isolated from biological samples of patients with suspected nosocomial infection in four hospitals in the Adjara region (Georgia). Identification of resistant genes was performed by multiplex PCR and reverse hybridization. Genes of the class ESBL TEM, ESBL SHV, and CTX-M were found in these samples as a result of molecular studies of genes causing genotypic correlation and resistance. Molecular genetic testing of phenotypically resistant strains of penicillin, cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generations, and inhibitors revealed a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes with bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, and in two samples with genes, of ESBL class bla TEM type mutated genes: bla TEM AS104 E, bla TEM AS 238 G, bla TEM AS238 S genes.

Why Individuals Respond To COVID-19 Differently: A Battle of Sexes?

Several factors including genetic variations, cytokine storm (CS), macrophage activated syndrome (MAS), and lymphopenia have been recently discovered to influence the severity of COVID-19. Many studies have exclusively studied the pathogenesis of this disease, which includes the entry of the virus into the body, multiplication and spread, the progression of tissue damage, and the production of an immune response. However, questions like what makes some people more vulnerable than others to SARS-CoV-2 - the causative agent of the coronavirus disease; the role of gene networks in determining or influencing the efficiency of infection or the severity of COVID-19 symptoms are still in the valley of obscurity. What makes some SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals extremely sensitive to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) while others are asymptomatic remains to be understood. Herein, we review the impact of a genetic variant in susceptibility and severity among sex and gender disparities, the significance of this variation in cases of severity and immune responses. Furthermore, we address major characteristics in severe COVID-19 cases, such as biochemical and homeostatic effects. For example, lymphocyte count and concentrations of inflammatory mediators within patients. Also, this paper identifies key clinical indicators of severe infections in the presence of cytokine storm and lymphopenia. Moreover, it takes into account predisposing factors that induce the severity of symptoms and underline the differences between mild and severe infections. Lastly, we explained the benefits of using bioinformatics to accelerate the progress made in COVID-19 research and future perspective in this research area.

Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women at Kathmandu, Nepal

Background: Urinary tract infections “UTIs” are one of the frequently encountered problems during pregnancy. Untreated UTI can be associated with serious obstetric complications. Hence the management and prevention of UTI in pregnancy is the crucial factor for the sustained pregnant period. Hence the present study was designed to identify the pathogenic agents of UTI and its associated risk factors in antenatal mothers in two private hospitals at Kathmandu city. Aim: The main objective of the study was to identify the etiological agent and associated risk factor in Urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal care service visit in a selected hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Time of Study: The study was carried out under the supervision of University and field study was carried out in Kathmandu, Nepal from March 2019 to October 2019. Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed at the Norvic Hospital and Baidya and Banskota hospital from March 2019 to October 2019. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 510, clean catch midstream urine (MSU) samples were collected aseptically and analyzed using standard microbiology methods. Data for the factors associated with UTI were obtained by use of questionnaires and standard laboratory tests for selected underlying conditions concerning associated risk factors were collected using structured questionnaires and the sample was also processed for antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing. Results: The study revealed 193/510(37.84%) UTI prevalence among patients attending two hospitals in Kathmandu valley. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacterial uropathogen with 119/193(61.6%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 35/193(18.13%), Staphylococcus aureus 22/193 (11.39%), Proteus mirabilis 7/193 (3.6%), Enterococcus faecalis 2/193 (1.0%), Enterobacter aerogenes2/193(1.0%) Serratia odorifera 3/193(1.5%), Streptococcus species3/193(1.5%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of urinary tract infection in pregnant women warrant the need to screen all pregnant women and treat those infected with appropriate antimicrobial regimens in order to reduce its complications. Urinary Tract Infection screening is essential in pregnant women.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and implications for the oral cavity

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus affects several people around the world and because it is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial origin, and with systemic impairment, great attention must be paid from diagnosis to treatment in order to optimize the entire follow-up of the patient. The dental doctor plays an important role in the diagnosis of the condition and must be attentive to the early signs that can appear in the oral cavity with a frequency of up to 21%. In this way, through this bibliographic review, which has as main goal to correlate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with its direct consequences in the oral cavity, it will be possible to help dentists in the diagnosis, to understand in detail the development of the disease and what attitude should be taken in its presence.

Prevalence and Perceptions in the Management of Buruli Ulcer in Oguta Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

A study was carried out in Oguta One community of Oguta Local Government Area to determine the prevalence and perceptions in the management of Buruli Ulcer among residents. Interviews and structured questionnaire were used for case finding and to obtained information on knowledge and perception. Physical examination and standard bacteriological techniques were used to confirm BU cases. The result showed a prevalence of 0.2% out of the 356 participants. There was knowledge of the disease but poor understanding of its cause and mostly perceived to be a supernatural disease by which treatment could be sought from herbal homes and churches. Age, Education and occupation had strong association (P<0.05) with the knowledge of Buruli ulcer with the exception of sex (P>0.05). From these findings, it is evident that a more robust case finding is necessary in the country as many cases would be missed without the inclusion of herbal/trado-medical homes and churches in control programs especially as regards education on the true cause of BU disease.

Administration of hATSCs results in recovery of cerebral infarction animal model

To examine pathway of stem cell transplanted to the brain, stem cells were infected with flourescence. hATSCs in the infarct region were mostly located at the border between intact brain tissue and the area of the infarction and in other sections within the infarct cavity. Examination of section with flourescence indicated that there was significant gliosis or infiltration of leukocytes around the implantation site of the stem cell. Implanted stem cell integrated and migrated to multiple areas of the brain including the contrallateral cortex. The cells persisted in the sites to which they migrated at 30 days after implantation. The heaviest concentrations of cells were transplanted into rats at 24hr after MCAO, more cells were migrated into injured area of brain cortex. Stem cell in the infarct region were found at the border between intact brain tissue and the area of infarction and within the infarct cavity.

Application value of quantitative system pharmacology in drug discovery for traditional Chinese medicine

Quantitative system pharmacology (QSP) is a discipline that combines computational models of systems biology and systems pharmacology. With the development of high-throughput genomics techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) as well as computer and bioinformatics methods, systems biology and systems pharmacology modeling are widely used to comprehend human biology and disease progression, predict the effectiveness and safety of drug candidates. Due to the advancement of big data and high-quality database, the application of QSP, especially the pre-clinical stage that guides early drug discovery, is increasingly widespread. The traditional drug discovery process takes a long time yet has a low success rate. The early intervention and full participation of QSP in the development of new drugs discovery can form a model-led drug development model to improve the efficiency of drug discovery and scientific appraise, reduce the cost of research and development, and shorten the time to market for new drugs. This article reviews the differences between QSP and other quantitative pharmacology, the problems faced by traditional Chinese medicine research, and the value of QSP in traditional Chinese medicine research, with a view to providing reference and support for the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine.

Smoking incidence over the labor health

Background. As risk factor and cause of morbidity and mortality, smoking is close related with labor health. The early beginning in tobacco consumption and the high tobacco intensity consumption are determining several negative consequences over labor health and labor productivity too. Objective. To describe the incidence of smoking over the labor health. Matherials and methods. Was made a descriptive research about the incidence of smoking over the labor health. For that were used as theorical methods the historic – logic, the inductive – deductive and the comparative. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research. Results. A high smoking impact over the labor health determines leasing labor capability, leasing labor productivity and leasing social redistribution potentialities in favor to dependence social sectors no associated to the labor activity. Conclusions. Smoking saves a close relation with labor health. This risk factor act reducing it value since the epidemiologic, economic and social point o view.

A postgraduate course for the decision taking in the Public Health context.

Background. The health education manager must be agreeing with the fact that the education and the health are untouchable economic goods supporting the labor productivity. The professional growing across different courses forms contribute to raise the human develop quality and increase the labor productivity too. All health education managers must understand how take decisions based in the economic knowledge. Objective. Design a postgraduate course for the decision taking in the Public Health context. Materials and methods. As theorical methods were utilized the inductive – deductive, analysis and synthesis and the comparative. As empiric method was utilized the bibliographic research. Conclusion. Was made a single course focused in health manager for the taking decision process. This course takes account the constant needs from health managers respect to the postgraduate education and the possible application from the Health Economy in the health management process.

Pharmacotherapy management for hospitalized ischemic stroke patients

Background: Worldwide, cerebrovascular accident (stroke) is the second leading cause of death and is the third leading cause of disability. Sadly, stroke prevalence in the low- and middle-income countries remains high (70%) with both stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years reported to be as high as 87%. Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the success of pharmacotherapy management strategy for Malaysian stroke patients in a public hospital based on the Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), 2012. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study based on medical records of patients (n=682) with confirmed diagnoses of ischemic stroke admitted to Sungai Buloh Hospital for four years was conducted. Data was collected using self-developed data collection forms consisting of demographic profiles, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy treatment. Results: The mean age of reported cases was 66.66 years with the majority (58%) being males while only 42% were females. The majority (>72%) adhered to the pharmacotherapy management of Clinical Practice Guideline Malaysia 2012 for ischemic stroke inpatients setting in a public hospital (p=0.001). Conclusion: Most patients complied to the pharmacotherapy management of ischemic stroke guideline which is important to avoid disability and mortality caused by stroke.