scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B immunity and infection in home self-sampling HIV service users

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2021-055071
Author(s):  
Rachel Roche ◽  
Ruth Simmons ◽  
Louise Logan ◽  
Juan Ledesma ◽  
Caroline Sabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Hiv Test

ObjectivesAlthough hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination for high-risk groups including gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is recommended in the UK, data on HBV immunisation coverage are limited. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of HBV infection, susceptibility and immunity due to immunisation among a high-risk population of MSM and heterosexuals who are less likely to attend sexual health services.MethodsResidual HIV-negative serology samples archived from a national HIV self-sampling service in 2016 were tested for HBV markers using an unlinked anonymous approach. Prevalence of HBV infection, evidence of immunisation and susceptibility were calculated and stratified by individuals’ characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate relative risk ratios (RRRs) associated with covariates.ResultsOf 2172 samples tested, 1497 (68.9%) were from MSM and 657 (30.2%) were from heterosexuals. Susceptibility to HBV infection was 66.1% among MSM and 77.0% among heterosexuals. Only 29.9% of MSM and 17.4% of heterosexuals had serological evidence of immunisation. Current infection was 1.1% in heterosexuals and 0.2% in MSM. Adjusted analysis showed evidence of immunisation was lower among heterosexuals (RRR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86) and those with no previous HIV test (RRR 0.41, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.54), and higher in those of other white or other ethnicity.ConclusionsAmong MSM and heterosexual users of a self-sampling HIV service, evidence of immunisation to HBV infection was low and susceptibility to infection was comparatively high, suggesting suboptimal delivery of HBV immunisation in sexual health services.

Vaccination Induced Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus among High-Risk Groups in Glasgow 1993–2001: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the United Kingdom's Selective Immunisation Policy

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Roy ◽  
DJ Goldberg ◽  
K Wilson ◽  
SO Cameron
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Aims The United Kingdom has adopted a selective approach to the control of hepatitis B (HBV), vaccinating those at increased risk of infection through lifestyle, occupation or other factors such as close contact with a case or carrier. This paper sought to assess the effectiveness of the targeted HBV vaccination programme, by determining the level of immunity and exposure to HBV infection among three high risk groups (injecting drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexuals attending genitourinary medicine clinics) at three time points between 1993–2001 in Glasgow, Scotland. Methods Residual sera from i) IDUs having a named HIV test and ii) MSM and heterosexual men and women attending GUM clinics and undergoing routine syphilis serology testing, were tested anonymously for HBV infection. Results The overall prevalence of HBV infection remained at a low level in all three risk groups. IDUs continue to be the group at greatest risk of infection. Discussion Despite the implementation of new initiatives targeting high-risk groups, vaccination levels remain low in the populations studied.

scholarly journals Edukasi Kesehatan sebagai Upaya Preventif Penyakit Hepatitis B dan C pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Patricia Gita Naully ◽  
Perdina Nursidika
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAK Hepatitis B dan C dianggap paling berbahaya diantara jenis hepatitis yang lain karena keduanya dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit kronik, sering tanpa gejala, dan menyebabkan kematian. Salah satu upaya yang disarankan oleh WHO untuk mencegah peningkatan angka Hepatitis B dan C adalah melakukan kegiatan edukasi kesehatan bagi masyarakat, khususnya kelompok beresiko tinggi seperi Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan (WBP). Oleh sebab itu, kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP terkait penyebab, gejala, cara penularan, pencegahan, dan layanan kesehatan yang disediakan oleh pemerintah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 30 orang WBP. Penyuluhan dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah. Evaluasi kegiatan dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis hasil kuesioner dan nilai tes para peserta. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil evaluasi membuktikan bahwa mayoritas WBP melakukan tindakan beresiko tinggi karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan informasi, namun setelah mendapatkan materi penyuluhan terlihat adanya peningkatan nilai tes pada seluruh peserta. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan WBP di Lapas Narkotika Kelas IIA Bandung terkait penyebab, gejala klinis, cara penularan, pencegahan, serta beberapa layanan kesehatan pemerintah untuk mencegah, mendiagnosa, serta mengobati penyakit Hepatitis B dan C.Kata Kunci: hepatitis B; hepatitis C; penyuluhan; lembaga pemasyarakatanABSTRACTHepatitis B and C are considered as the most dangerous hepatitis types compared to the other, because both can develop into chronic diseases, asymptomatic, and cause death. One of the methods suggested by WHO to prevent an increase of Hepatitis B and C numbers is to conduct health education activities for the community, especially for the high-risk groups such as prisoners (WBP). Therefore, the aim of this extension activity was to upgrade the WBP's knowledge regarding the disease causes, symptoms, transmission methods, prevention, and health services provided by the government. This activity was conducted in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA, with 30 WBP participants. The extention was done by the lecture method. Then, the activity evaluation was done by analyzing of questionnaire results and participants' test-scores. Besides, the analysis technique used was descriptive analysis. The evaluation result proved that the majority of WBP taking the high-risk action due to the limited of knowledge and information, but there was a test-score increase for all participants after obtaining counseling materials. This activity was successful to improve the WBP's knowledge in Bandung Narcotics Penitentiary class IIA related to the causes, clinical symptoms, modes of transmission, prevention, and also some government health services to prevent, diagnose, and treat the Hepatitis B and C.Keywords : extension; hepatitis B; hepatitis C; prison.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Rwandan high-risk groups: unexpected findings on prevalence and its determinants

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e054039
Author(s):  
Justine Umutesi ◽  
Carolina Klett-Tammen ◽  
Sabin Nsanzimana ◽  
G Krause ◽  
J J Ott
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

ObjectivesUsing secondary data from 208 079 Rwandans, we determined the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among high-risk groups and its demographic, geographical and health-related determinants.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, we obtained and analysed data from a national hepatitis B vaccination and screening campaign conducted in Rwanda in 2017. We performed logistic regression to examine associations between chronic HBV infection and related factors such as risk status and geographical characteristics.SettingIndividuals were sampled nationally in all 30 districts across 4 provinces and the city of Kigali and all prisons in Rwanda.ParticipantsThe study involves 208 079 individuals at high risk including prisoners and other high-risk groups (oHRG).Main outcomeThe primary outcome for our study was hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) prevalence.FindingsFrom 208 079 adults participants, 206 517 (99.2%) had valid HBsAg results, 4.3% of 64 944 prisoners and 4.0% of 140 985 oHRG were HBV positive. The prevalence was higher in Northern Province 5.1%, (95% CI 4.8 to 5.4). In multivariate analysis, the odds of infection decreased with increasing age, and hepatitis C antibody positivity reduced the odds for chronic HBV (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.66 and OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.89 among oHRG and prisoners, respectively). In addition, being female was associated with lower odds of HBV (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.74 and OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.98 among oHRG and prisoners, respectively).ConclusionWe found that individuals below 55 years of age and individuals who belong to high-risk groups (ie, sex workers, injection drug users, men who have sex with men, etc) have a higher probability of chronic HBV infection. Infection with chronic hepatitis C virus was not correlated with chronic HBV infection in our study population. Potential explanations include differential routes of transmission, specific immunological and pathophysiological factors or different effects of health prevention and control programmes.

Frequent delayed spontaneous seroclearance of hepatitis B virus after incident HBV infection among adult high‐risk groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Daniela K. Santen ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Sylvia Bruisten ◽  
Gerard JB Sonder ◽  
Maria Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Challenges in the Application of Glyco-Technology to Hepatitis B Virus Therapy and Diagnosis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1860
Author(s):  
Tsunenori Ouchida ◽  
Shinji Takamatsu ◽  
Megumi Maeda ◽  
Tatsuya Asuka ◽  
Chiharu Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major pathogen that causes acute/chronic hepatitis. Continuous HBV infection can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although several different anti-HBV treatments are available for chronic hepatitis B patients, discontinuing these medications is difficult. Patients with chronic hepatitis B at high risk for HCC therefore require close observation. However, no suitable biomarkers for detecting high-risk groups for HCC exist, except for serum HBV-DNA, but a number of HCC biomarkers are used clinically, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II). Glycosylation is an important post-translational protein modification involved in many human pathologic conditions. HBV surface proteins contain various oligosaccharides, and several reports have described their biological functions. Inhibition of HBV glycosylation represents a potential novel anti-HBV therapy. It is thought that glycosylation of hepatocytes/hepatoma cells is also important for HBV infection, as it prevents HBV from infecting cells other than hepatocytes, even if the cells express the HBV receptor. In this review, we summarize considerable research regarding the relationship between HBV and glycosylation as it relates to the development of novel diagnostic tests and therapies for HBV.

Integrated community-based sexual health services for young people in urban areas: are we meeting the needs of the local community?

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 713-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Forbes ◽  
N Rahman ◽  
S Mccrae ◽  
I Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Hiv Test

Community-based sexual health services (SHS) are intended to improve access for people who may have difficulty attending traditional genitourinary medicine clinics. The objective of this study was to review uptake of sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing in an outreach clinic for those under 25 in an area where Black and minority ethnic groups comprise the majority of the local population. A retrospective case-notes review was undertaken of those attending. Standards were that Fraser guidelines should be completed in all under 16-year-old and all clients should be offered STI testing, HIV testing and contraception (if applicable) in accordance with local standards. One hundred and seventeen clients attended. Ten percent self-reported ethnicity was Asian. Thirty-six (31%) clients tested for chlamydia. Thirty (26%) had an HIV test. Five (14% of those tested) had a positive nucleic acid amplification test for chlamydia. Five (13%) of those requesting long term contraception had STI testing. This service has successfully improved access to STI screening. However, there may have been missed opportunities to offer tests in those requesting contraception. Under-representation of those of non-white ethnicity suggests access to SHS may be a particular problem and further work is required to improve the sexual health of the local community.

scholarly journals 472 HEPATITIS B DURING PREGNANCY: IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH RISK GROUPS

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 519-519
Author(s):  
Madhu Gudavalli ◽  
Catherine M P Kierney ◽  
Saul Krugman
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups

scholarly journals Satisfaction With Informal Volunteering During the COVID-19 Crisis: An Empirical Study Considering a Swiss Online Volunteering Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142-1151
Author(s):  
Stefan Trautwein ◽  
Florian Liberatore ◽  
Jörg Lindenmeier ◽  
Georg von Schnurbein
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Informal Volunteering ◽  
Volunteer Motives ◽  
Online Volunteering

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a huge wave of compassion. In particular, online volunteering platforms established channeling help for high-risk groups. It is unclear under which conditions volunteers were satisfied with their COVID-19 volunteering mediated by these platforms and whether they will continue their engagement after the crisis. Therefore, and considering personal susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, this study analyzes the effects of different platform support for volunteers and the fulfillment of volunteers’ motives. The study is based on an online survey of a sample of 565 volunteers who registered at and were placed by a Swiss online platform. Fulfillment of distinct volunteer motives and platform support drive COVID-19 volunteering satisfaction. Moreover, motive fulfillment and platform-related support indirectly impact willingness to volunteer long-term via volunteering satisfaction. Finally, the empirical results show that motive fulfillment and the effect of platform support are contingent on perceived susceptibility to infection.

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