scholarly journals ‘Being politically active does not have to be difficult.’ A content analysis of tobacco industry-sponsored advocacy websites

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055413
Author(s):  
M Jane Lewis ◽  
Christopher Ackerman ◽  
Pamela Ling
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Politically Active

ObjectiveTo characterise the thematic content of tobacco industry-sponsored advocacy websites in the USA and to compare these sites to identify differences in products, target audience, policies or themes.MethodsIn 2017, US-based Google and purposive searches identified six US tobacco industry-sponsored advocacy websites. A coding guide based on existing literature, tobacco policy issues and iterative review of the websites was developed and, descriptive analyses of themes on individual websites and overall were conducted.ResultsWe identified 18 themes; the most common of these were: tobacco taxes (13.9%), providing advocacy resources (10.6%) and pleas for action (10.3%). Related themes were aggregated into four broad categories: advocacy (36.7%), taxes (31.4%), legislation is excessive or unnecessary (21%), and support for weaker tobacco control policies (10.9%). Websites targeting consumers provided more resources to facilitate advocacy than websites targeting retailers.ConclusionsWebsites promoting protobacco advocacy are an important and evolving strategy for the tobacco industry. Websites are particularly well suited to leverage marketing activities (eg, building relationships with retailers and consumers) to achieve policy objectives. Monitoring these tactics may allow advocates to counter and anticipate industry opposition to tobacco policy.

scholarly journals Exploiting a low tax system: non-tax-induced cigarette price increases in Taiwan 2011–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e2) ◽  
pp. e126-e132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Gao ◽  
Mattia Sanna ◽  
J Robert Branston ◽  
Hung-Yi Chiou ◽  
Yi-Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The Real ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Real Price ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
Small Decline ◽  
Japan Tobacco ◽  
Transnational Tobacco Companies

IntroductionThis study aims to analyse the non-tax-induced price increasing strategies adopted by tobacco industry in Taiwan, a high-income country with comprehensive tobacco control policies but low tobacco taxes and a declining cigarette market.MethodsUsing governmental tax, price and inflation data, we analysed cigarette sales volume, affordability, affordability elasticity of demand, market share, pricing and net revenue of the top five tobacco companies in Taiwan from 2011 to 2016 when no tax increases occurred.ResultsTotal revenue after tax grew significantly for all the major transnational tobacco companies between 2011 and 2016 at the expense of the state-owned Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation. In terms of market share, Japan Tobacco (JT) was the leading company, despite experiencing a small decline, while British American Tobacco and Imperial Brands remained stable, and Philip Morris International increased from 4.7% to 7.0%. JT adopted the most effective pricing strategy by increasing the real price of its two most popular brands (Mevius and Mi-Ne) and, at the same time, doubling the sales of its cheaper and less popular brand Winston by leaving its nominal retail price unaltered.ConclusionsLow and unchanged tobacco taxes enable tobacco companies to use aggressive pricing and segmentation strategies to increase the real price of cigarettes without making them less affordable while simultaneously maintaining customers’ loyalty. It is crucial to continue monitoring the industry’s pricing strategies and to regularly increase taxes to promote public health and to prevent tobacco industry from profiting at the expense of government revenues.

Tobacco industry targeting of health-conscious youth with ‘lighter’ cigarettes: the case of Singapore

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055923
Author(s):  
Yvette van der Eijk ◽  
Grace Ping Ping Tan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Product Positioning ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Targeted Marketing ◽  
Light Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Packs

BackgroundDespite Singapore’s strict tobacco control policies, smoking rates have not decreased since 2004. We examined the primary targets, motivations and strategies behind targeted marketing activities in Singapore from the tobacco industry’s perspective to understand how tobacco companies continue to target people in their marketing.MethodsSnowball search in the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library for documents covering the industry’s targeted marketing activities in Singapore. Information from the documents was subsequently triangulated with market data obtained from the Euromonitor Passport database, analysed for trends by tar segment and data from cigarette packs purchased from Singapore retailers, analysed in terms of product positioning.ResultsIn the 1970s and 1980s, as young people in Singapore became more health-conscious, tobacco companies positioned ‘light’ cigarettes for growth in the 1990s. Many of these ‘lights’ contained similar tar and nicotine levels as regular brands; they were only light in their branding. In the 1990’s, ‘lights’ became more popular in Singapore and this demand was largely youth driven. Into the 2010s, while the low tar (<6 mg) segment comprised only a small portion of Singapore’s cigarette market, most cigarette variants were marketed as ‘lighter’ or as having harm reductive benefits to appeal to more health-conscious people.ConclusionsThe differentiation of ‘lighter’ cigarettes remains an important marketing tool for tobacco companies amidst Singapore’s strict regulations. Legislation to remove all remaining avenues for tobacco companies to make harm reduction claims on their products, explicit or implicit, coupled with improving health literacy and exposing industry deception, could help to further bring down smoking prevalence in Singapore.

ROLE AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INTERNET MARKETING DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Kurylo ◽  
◽  
Yaroslav Kozchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Internet Marketing ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Moment

The author conducted a study of the role and actual functions of Internet marketing nowadays, analyzed the latest publications and studies of domestic and foreign scientists relating to Internet marketing. The definitions of Internet marketing by various scientists were considered. It was determined by the problematic that exists in the field of internet marketing at the moment. A review of modern tools we identified the main tools of Internet marketing, by which the communication occurs on the Internet: SEO (Search Engine Optimisation), search (paid) advertising, Media advertising, SMM (Social Media Marketing) social media marketing, content marketing, E-mail marketing; Hootsuit's company research analysis determined the number of Internet users and purchasing power in the online environment, which averaged 500 USD per year. The number of Internet users in the online environment averaged 500 USD per year. And also to prioritise specific types of products. We have also identified that search engines are the main source of learning new information for consumers. Having analysed the dynamics of internet penetration in Ukraine, it appears that the number of internet users increased by 8% in 2019, with 22.96 million Ukrainians using the internet at the end of 2019. The article examines the possibilities of Internet marketing tools that become available when using such a tool as web analytics, including: personalised offers to customers, building relationships with customers, after a purchase is made and increasing their retention rate. A study of advertising costs on the social network Facebook, during the presidential elections in Ukraine in 2019 and during the presidential race in the USA in 2020 was conducted. And also defined the role played by social networks in building relationships with the target audience. During the research, recommendations for the use of the main tools of Internet marketing were made and it was determined which business areas are not suitable for each of the tools. Based on the research and statistical data was predicted directions of development of Internet marketing.

scholarly journals Analysis of the tobacco industry’s interference in the enforcement of health warnings on tobacco products in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina de Abreu Perez ◽  
Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva ◽  
Stella Aguinaga Bialous
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Original Information ◽  
Regulatory Measure

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the relationship between the Brazilian government’s adoption of a regulatory measure with a strong impact on the population and the opposition by invested interest groups. The methodology involves the analysis of official documents on the enforcement of health warnings on tobacco products sold in Brazil. In parallel, a search was conducted for publicly available tobacco industry documents resulting from lawsuits, with the aim of identifying the industry’s reactions to this process. The findings suggest that various government acts were affected by direct interference from the tobacco industry. In some cases the interventions were explicit and in others they were indirect or difficult to identify. In light of the study’s theoretical framework, the article provides original information on the Brazilian process that can be useful for government policymakers in the strategic identification of tobacco control policies.

scholarly journals Factors of communication mix on social media and their role in forming customer experience and brand image

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Bacik ◽  
Richard Fedorko ◽  
Ludovit Nastisin ◽  
Beata Gavurova
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Brand Reputation ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Media Experience

Abstract Building a brand is a long-term process and it also applies to the world of social media. It is said that building a good brand reputation takes years, but it can be ruin in a moment. Therefore, it is important to look responsibly at all the aspects that have a role in building a brand on social media. The actual experience with the brand on social media is able to significantly affect brand building. The study focuses on exploring brand-building relationships in the social media environment. We selected a set of factors to predict customer experience with the brand in a social media environment and then we examined the relationship between this customer experience and the perceived brand image. 476 respondents filled out the electronic questionnaire. The study puts the greatest emphasis on respondents aged 20 to 35 years. We used correlation analysis to investigate the relationships in this issue. Out of the seven investigated relationships, up to two cases with medium dependence were confirmed by the strong relevance of relationships. The results support the importance of using social media tools for branding purposes, because these tools are the ones with the greatest ability to influence the people’s perception and attitude. It is also the fastest and one of the most personal ways to communicate with the customer. It happens in real time and it can convey the real emotion if performed right which all together help to trigger the user action. The findings of this study can guide marketing activities for companies to make the return on investment in social media as high as possible. The research offers a new perspective on selected factors and their role in creating social media experience and subsequently a brand image.

Impact of nations meeting the MPOWER targets between 2014 and 2016: an update

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054837 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T Levy ◽  
Yameng Li ◽  
Zhe Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Effect ◽  
Tobacco Taxes ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Free Air

ObjectiveSince the WHO released the Monitoring tobacco use and tobacco control policies; Protecting from the dangers of tobacco smoke; Offering help to quit tobacco; Warning the public about the dangers; Enforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship; and Raising tobacco taxes (MPOWER) policy package to assist nations with implementing the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), 88 countries have adopted at least one MPOWER policy at the highest level as of 2014. Building on previous evaluations, we estimated the reduction in smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) from all policies newly adopted at the highest level between 2014 and 2016.MethodsFor each nation that implemented highest level policies, the difference in policy effect sizes from previously validated SimSmoke models for the policies in effect in 2014 and 2016 were multiplied by the number of smokers in that nation to derive the reduction in the number of smokers. Based on research that half of all smokers die from smoking, we derived SADs averted.FindingsIn total, 43 nations adopted at least one highest-level MPOWER policy between 2014 and 2016, resulting in 14.6 million fewer SADs. The largest number of SADs averted were due to stronger health warnings (13.3 million), followed by raising taxes (0.6 million), increased marketing bans (0.4 million), smoke-free air laws (0.3 million) and cessation interventions (2500).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the continuing public health impact of tobacco control policies adopted globally since the FCTC, and highlight the importance of more countries adopting MPOWER policies at the highest level to reduce the global burden of tobacco use.

Collaborative resource sharing between public and school libraries

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Smith ◽  
Misty Shea ◽  
Wei-Ning Wu
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
School Librarians ◽  
Youth Services ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Youth Service ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to examine youth service librarians’ use of collaborative collection development (CCD) behaviors and interlibrary loan (ILL) to collaborate with school librarians. Design/methodology – A quantitative design was implemented with a self-administered survey that was placed online. Findings – Public youth services librarians in the USA believe it is important to collaborate with school librarians. However, they are not frequently using collaborative resource sharing strategies. Public youth services librarians that have more experience, understand trends and issues in school libraries and feel they have knowledge of collaborative strategies are more likely to engage in collaborative resource sharing. Research limitations – The study was limited to 265 public librarians serving youth in the USA. This study does not present the perspectives of school libraries. Social implications – CCD and ILL between public and school libraries are overlooked practices for building relationships between public and school librarians that should be explored. Presenting the benefits of these strategies during training programs may increase the resources that youth can access, thus having an overall impact on the quality of life in communities. Collaborating will also help communities understand the value of libraries as institutions for promoting lifelong learning. Originality/value – The results provide evidence that public youth service librarians in the USA believe in the importance of collaborative relationships with school librarians. However, they do not frequently use ILL or engage in CCD behaviors with school librarians. Using ILL and CCD are two strategies that may be used to build stronger relationships.

Government Interventions on Tobacco Control in India: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchita Mukherjee ◽  
U. S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tobacco Taxation

Tobacco use is a serious concern in India since it is one of the largest producers and consumers of tobacco in the world. With growing evidence of health hazards caused by tobacco, Government of India had enacted various tobacco control legislations. This article provides a critical review of such government interventions. It traces tobacco practices and production trends in India, and proceeds further to provide a detailed account of the history of such interventions to understand the effectiveness of such policies, and stresses on the role of tobacco companies to weaken tobacco control policies in India. This article concludes that though tobacco control has taken a long leap forward with the introduction of various legislative steps to prohibit tobacco use across the country, review of these policies shows their inadequacy not only in enforcement but also in issues related to (a) the interference of the tobacco industry, (b) issues with tobacco taxation and (c) the failure of government to rehabilitate people involved with cultivation, production and distribution of tobacco products.

scholarly journals Heated tobacco products likely appeal to adolescents and young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s41-s47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karma McKelvey ◽  
Lucy Popova ◽  
Minji Kim ◽  
Benjamin W Chaffee ◽  
Maya Vijayaraghavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1960S

BackgroundBeginning in the 1960s in the USA and globally since 1998, tobacco companies have beenaggressively promoting heated tobacco products (HTP). In 2016, Philip Morris International (PMI) applied to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking authorisation to market their IQOS HTP system and flavoured ‘HeatSticks’ in the USA as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP).MethodsWe systematically evaluated the publicly available data PMI submitted to FDA in its MRTP application to determine whether PMI’s IQOS product meets the US Tobacco Control Act’s standard for MRTP claims. We examined whether PMI provided sufficient data showing tobacco users will not initiate with IQOS, that youth will not misperceive the MRTP-related claims being made concerning IQOS, and how youth perceive health risks associated with IQOS.ResultsPMI’s own studies failed to provide evidence that youth, including non-users and former users, will not find IQOS appealing, will not initiate use of IQOS and will not perceive these products as risk-free. Further, PMI did not refer to independent studies conducted among adolescents which could influence their conclusions. Finally, their studies suffered from design and implementation flaws and cannot be relied on to support the proffered claims.ConclusionPMI’s own data and available evidence from scientific studies conducted independent of the tobacco industry regarding how novel tobacco products are currently being marketed suggest that introduction of IQOS will result in adolescent and young adult non-users initiating tobacco use with IQOS and could also increase poly-use of IQOS along with other tobacco products.

scholarly journals Double Whammy for Older Smokers: Marginalized by Tobacco Control and Valued by the Tobacco Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine K. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Disparity ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Tobacco Addiction

In the last 20 years, the United States has made stunning progress reducing the rate of adult smoking. However, the smallest reduction is among older adults. Compared to younger smokers, older smokers are more likely to be lower socioeconomic status (SES), have several tobacco related comorbidities, and are less likely to be treated for tobacco addiction yet, in tobacco policy, they are not considered a marginalized group. The tobacco industry’s interest in older smokers contrasts with the lack of interest shown by tobacco control. A double whammy is a set of two bad events or situations that have an effect at the same time. The purposes of this article are to use the health disparity paradigm to (a) discuss the “double whammy” of marginalization by tobacco control and valuation by the tobacco industry on the health of older smokers and (b) provide strategies to promote health equity for older smokers.

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