Herbal smoking products: a systematic content analysis and mapping of the e-retail market

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056340
Author(s):  
Arpit Gupta ◽  
Shweta Sharda ◽  
Pothamsetty Yogitha ◽  
Sonu Goel ◽  
Ashima Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Online Availability

ObjectiveTo assess the online availability and e-marketing strategies of herbal smoking products (HSPs).MethodologyGoogle, Yahoo and Bing were searched using relevant keywords related to HSPs. The first 50 records were retrieved and duplicates were removed. Two trained and calibrated authors screened the records according to the eligibility criteria and extracted data from each selected retail-webpage as per the pre-tested data extraction form.ResultsOut of the initial 1044 records obtained, 73 retail webpages were finally included. Most of the webpages about HSPs hailed from India followed by the USA. The results showed 24 brands with about 189 flavour variants that are readily available online to all age groups including minors, with price per pack (20 sticks) of herbal cigarettes ranging from INR (₹) 51 to 1830 (median 588). There are no regulations regarding the sale and marketing of HSPs concerning age restrictions and display of health warnings.ConclusionHSPs are readily available online at affordable prices and attractive variants for customers of all ages. The flavour appeal and the health benefit appeal is being used to target minors and young women. There is an urgent need for some regulations on the sale and e-marketing of such products that have an enormous potential to be used as a gateway to tobacco smoking.

scholarly journals Gender disparity between authors in leading medical journals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051224
Author(s):  
Vaidehi Misra ◽  
Frozan Safi ◽  
Kathryn A Brewerton ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Robin Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Data Elements

ObjectivesEvaluate gender differences in authorship of COVID-19 articles in high-impact medical journals compared with other topics.DesignCross-sectional review.Data sourcesMedline database.Eligibility criteriaArticles published from 1 January to 31 December 2020 in the seven leading general medical journals by impact factor. Article types included primary research, reviews, editorials and commentaries.Data extractionKey data elements were whether the study topic was related to COVID-19 and names of the principal and the senior authors. A hierarchical approach was used to determine the likely gender of authors. Logistic regression assessed the association of study characteristics, including COVID-19 status, with authors’ likely gender; this was quantified using adjusted ORs (aORs).ResultsWe included 2252 articles, of which 748 (33.2%) were COVID-19-related and 1504 (66.8%) covered other topics. A likely gender was determined for 2138 (94.9%) principal authors and 1890 (83.9%) senior authors. Men were significantly more likely to be both principal (1364 men; 63.8%) and senior (1332 men; 70.5%) authors. COVID-19-related articles were not associated with the odds of men being principal (aOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.21; p=0.89) or senior authors (aOR 0.96; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.19; p=0.71) relative to other topics. Articles with men as senior authors were more likely to have men as principal authors (aOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.83; p<0.001). Men were more likely to author articles reporting original research and those with corresponding authors based outside the USA and Europe.ConclusionsWomen were substantially under-represented as authors among articles in leading medical journals; this was not significantly different for COVID-19-related articles. Study limitations include potential for misclassification bias due to the name-based analysis. Results suggest that barriers to women’s authorship in high-impact journals during COVID-19 are not significantly larger than barriers that preceded the pandemic and that are likely to continue beyond it.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020186702.

scholarly journals Primary tooth pulpectomy overfilling by different placement techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Naser Asl Aminabadi ◽  
Nahid Asl Aminabad ◽  
Zahra Jamali ◽  
Sajjad Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Data Extraction Form

Background. This study was conducted to investigate root canal overfilling with different material placement techniques in primary teeth. Methods. A systematic search was undertaken by searching PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus for English language peer-reviewed articles published until February 2018 that reported primary tooth pulpectomy overfilling. Two reviewers independently screened and identified studies in terms of the selection criteria and independently collected the data using a specially designed data extraction form. The overfilling rate was the primary summary measure. The weighted pooled overfilling rates were estimated by random-effects meta-analysis. Results. Twenty clinical and four in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria. In the clinical studies, the pooled overfilling rate for zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) was 23.3% with a lentulo spiral mounted on a handpiece, 22.7% with a hand-held lentulo spiral, and 17% with a plugger. The pooled overfilling rate for calcium hydroxide-based materials was 16.7% with a lentulo spiral mounted on a handpiece, 14.7% with a hand-held lentulo spiral, 19.6% with a syringe, and 25.7% with a plugger. In the in vitro studies, neither individual overfilling rates nor two-by-two comparisons were subjected to meta-analysis because of an inadequate number of studies. Conclusion. The lowest overfilling rate in the clinical studies was related to plugger and handheld lentulo spiral techniques for ZOE and calcium hydroxide-based materials, respectively

scholarly journals Digital media use among older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e520101220916
Author(s):  
Juliana Cordeiro Carvalho ◽  
Gabriela Cabett Cipolli ◽  
Vanessa Alonso ◽  
Meire Cachioni
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Review Protocol

Objective: To identify the purpose of digital media use among older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: The indexed literature published in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be systematically searched on 7 databases; the references of studies included will be searched manually. Two authors will independently evaluate titles, abstracts and full-texts according to eligibility criteria. A customized data extraction form will be used to chart the data extracted from the studies. For consideration, studies must be in English, Portuguese or Spanish; involve older adults aged ≥ 55 years (or mean age 60 years); assess older adults who used digital media during the Covid-19 pandemic; be empirical studies with qualitative or quantitative data, have crosssectional or longitudinal design, be letters to the Editor and editorials, and be published between the end of 2019 and 2021. Results: Results will be charted in a table and accompanied by a narrative summary.

scholarly journals Telemedicine in Depression Care by Physicians: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Echelard
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Depression Care ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Virtual Care ◽  
The Usa

BACKGROUND Depression is a common disorder and is burdensome regarding mental and physical health as well as societal costs. Although traditional in-person consultations are the usual way of caring for depressed patients, telemedicine may be well-suited to psychiatric assessment and management. Telepsychiatry can be defined as the use of information and communication technologies such as videoconferencing and telephoning for the care of psychopathologies. OBJECTIVE This review aims to evaluate the extent and nature of the existing literature on telemedicine for the care of depression by physicians. This review also aims to examine the effects and perceptions regarding this virtual care, and how it compares to traditional in-person care. METHODS Identification of relevant articles was done through a search on three databases. Eligibility criteria were applied to select studies about the use of telemedicine for the care of depressed patients by physicians specifically. A data extraction grid was used to chart data from all included articles. RESULTS The search resulted in 28 articles and all 13 non-review studies were analyzed in detail. Most non-review studies were conducted in the USA, during the last decade, mostly with telemedicine programs lead by psychiatrists instead of general practioners, and mostly included a randomization process. The average study population size was 135. Only a small majority of included articles had a clear and explicit declared absence of conflicts of interest. Non-review papers articles contained measured outcomes related to depression variables, perceptions and other variables. All applicable studies resulted in improvement in depression with the use of telepsychiatry, and it was at least equivalent to in-person care. Telepsychiatry again performed at least as well as in-person care according to almost every metric studied for patient satisfaction and other perceptions. Quality of life, functioning and similar variables were significantly improved with virtual care. In regard to cost-effectiveness, telepsychiatry performed better than in-person care. Furthermore, some studied telemedicine programs were designed with cultural sensitivity or based on collaborative care. CONCLUSIONS More research is recommended regarding various outcomes from the use of telemedicine in relation to the wide-ranging burden of this disease, including depression variables, perceptions, health care outcomes and other outcomes. Studies should be conducted in various clinical contexts including primary care and developing countries. Although in-person consultations are the traditional approach to depression care, telepsychiatry is a promising modality of care for patients suffering from this burdensome disease. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals A scoping review protocol to map the evidence on self-reported health and neuroticism in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire Cachioni ◽  
Vanessa Alonso ◽  
Gabriela Cabett Cipolli ◽  
Ruth Caldeira de Melo ◽  
Constança Paúl
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

OBJECTIVE: To identify the evidence on self-reported health and neuroticism in older adults. METHODS: Indexed literature published in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be systematically searched and retrieved from 10 databases; reference lists from included studies will be manually searched. Two authors will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts against the eligibility criteria. A customized data extraction form will be used to perform data extraction of the included studies, which will be: studies written in English, Portuguese, and Spanish; studies of older adults aged 55 years or over (mean age is 60 years at least); studies of community-dwelling older adults; studies that evaluated both self-reported health and personality; studies that evaluated self-reported health and personality with validated instruments; observational, review, and intervention studies. RESULTS: The results will be presented in a tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary.

scholarly journals Systematic review of former unaccompanied immigrant minors’ access to healthcare services in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra M. Misra ◽  
Natalie Holdstock ◽  
Johanna Creswell Baez ◽  
Nohemi Garcia ◽  
Adriana Guiterrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Aim Former unaccompanied immigrant minors (UMs) now living in the USA are a uniquely vulnerable population. The US Office of Refugee Resettlement shelters provide health services, but most are discontinued once UMs leave the shelters. A systematic review was therefore designed to quantify access to medical, mental, and dental healthcare services by former UMs living in the USA. Subject and methods The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO. A search was made in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Academic Search Complete in June 2020. Full-text review, data extraction, and data analysis were completed by all authors. Results Searches returned a total of 2646 studies, of which 15 met all eligibility criteria. There was an overlap in the services investigated in the studies — 13 assessed mental health, ten assessed medical, and four included dental care. Sample sizes ranged from one to 4809, and there was a wide range of study designs. Some studies included multiple locations. Nine studies demonstrated success in community-based clinics or programs; one in a hospital, four in schools, three in group living settings, and one in U.S. Customs Border Patrol (CBP) custody. Three studies explored access to services post-release from shelters. Conclusions Healthcare programs at shelters, schools, and in the community have provided some screening and diagnosis of medical, mental health, and dental conditions for UMs, but multiple financial and cultural barriers make ongoing treatment difficult to access. Long-term studies following UMs in shelters and post-release through adulthood are needed to help create new, or modify existing, programs, to adequately support UMs now living in the USA.

Overinterpretation and misreporting of prognostic factor and biomarker studies in medical oncology.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14023-e14023
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Kempf ◽  
Jennifer de Beyer ◽  
Raphael Porcher ◽  
Long Nguyen ◽  
Karel Moons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Misleading Interpretation ◽  
Insight Into

e14023 Background: To generate empirical evidence, classify and estimate the frequency of distorted presentation and overinterpretation of results in prognostic factor (PF) studies in oncology. Methods: We selected 17 oncology journals with an impact factor of 7 or more. PubMed was searched to identify primary clinical studies evaluating one or more PFs published in 2015. Each article was independently evaluated by 2 reviewers using a data extraction form that was extensively pilot-tested. We classified aspects of overinterpretation as misleading reporting, interpretation and extrapolation. Results: Our search identified 10 844 articles, 98 met eligibility criteria. The PF was assessed prospectively in 8 of 56 observational studies, and in 16 of 42 clinical trials. The median number of PFs per study was 2 (Q1-Q3, 1-5). Overall survival was used as the outcome in 77 studies. The median number of statistical analyses reported with regards to the PF effect assessment was 42.5 per study (Q1-Q3, 15.5-86.5). Thirty-three reports reported using 2 or more different multivariable models to assess the PF effect and 21 did not adjust. Misleading reporting included selective and incomplete reporting of the PF effect (n = 26 and n = 8, respectively). The conclusions focused solely on significant results in 80 reports, and in those where there was at least one NS result, 80% of studies focused their conclusions solely on the significant results. Misleading interpretation included not reporting the PF effect within a multivariable model (n = 23 and n = 54 in full-texts and abstracts, respectively). One out of 5 conclusions used linguistic spin with strong statements in both full-text and abstract. Linguistic spin of NS results was found in 28 Results sections in the full-text and in 18 abstract conclusions. The conclusions were inconsistent with the study findings in one out of five articles (both in the full-text and abstract). Discrepancies between the conclusions presented in the full-text and in the abstract were found in 18 reports. Conclusions: Our study provides insight into the level of reporting and overinterpretation of findings that were frequently inconsistent with the results in oncology journals with high impact factors.

scholarly journals Patient, client, consumer, survivor or other alternatives? A scoping review of preferred terms for labelling individuals who access healthcare across settings

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S J Costa ◽  
Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber ◽  
Stephanie Tesson ◽  
Zac Seidler ◽  
Anna-Lena Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivorship ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Study Characteristics

ObjectivesUse of the term ‘patient’ has been recently debated, compared with alternatives including ‘consumer’ and ‘client’. This scoping study aimed to provide an integrated view of preferred labels across healthcare contexts and countries to clarify labelling preferences of individuals accessing healthcare.DesignScoping study.Data sourcesA preliminary literature search using GoogleScholar, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO found 43 key papers discussing terminology for labelling individuals accessing healthcare services. We then used citation chaining with PubMed and GoogleScholar to identify studies discussing term preferences among healthcare recipients.Eligibility criteriaNo date limits were applied, and all healthcare settings were considered. Primary research studies examining terminology preferences of individuals accessing healthcare, published in peer-reviewed journals were eligible.Data extraction and synthesisAll authors extracted data regarding preferred term and study characteristics, and assessed reporting quality of the studies using criteria relevant to our design.ResultsWe identified 1565 articles, of which 47 met inclusion criteria. Six articles that examined preference for personal address (eg, first name) were excluded. Of the remaining 41 studies, 33 examined generic terms (‘patient’, ‘client’, ‘consumer’) and 8 focused on cancer survivorship. Of the 33 examining generic terms, 27 reported a preference for ‘patient’ and four for ‘client’. Samples preferring ‘client’ were typically based in mental health settings and conducted in the USA. Of the eight cancer survivorship studies, five found a preference for ‘survivor’, and three ‘someone who had had cancer’.ConclusionsOverall, healthcare recipients appear to prefer the term ‘patient’, with few preferring ‘consumer’. Within general clinical and research contexts, it therefore seems appropriate to continue using the label ‘patient’ in the absence of knowledge about an individual’s preferences. Reasons for preferences (eg, familiarity, social identity) and the implications of labelling for healthcare have not been investigated adequately, necessitating future empirical (including qualitative) research.

Impact of surgery timing for craniosynostosis on neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Mandela ◽  
Maggie Bellew ◽  
Paul Chumas ◽  
Hannah Nash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Surgery Timing ◽  
Anesthetic Exposure

OBJECTIVEThere are currently no guidelines for the optimum age for surgical treatment of craniosynostosis. This systematic review summarizes and assesses evidence on whether there is an optimal age for surgery in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes.METHODSThe databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase + Embase Classic, and Web of Science were searched between October and November 2016 and searches were repeated in July 2017. According to PICO (participants, intervention, comparison, outcome) criteria, studies were included that focused on: children diagnosed with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, aged ≤ 5 years at time of surgery; corrective surgery for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis; comparison of age-at-surgery groups; and tests of cognitive and neurodevelopmental postoperative outcomes. Studies that did not compare age-at-surgery groups (e.g., those employing a correlational design alone) were excluded. Data were double-extracted by 2 authors using a modified version of the Cochrane data extraction form.RESULTSTen studies met the specified criteria; 5 found a beneficial effect of earlier surgery, and 5 did not. No study found a beneficial effect of later surgery. No study collected data on length of anesthetic exposure and only 1 study collected data on sociodemographic factors.CONCLUSIONSIt was difficult to draw firm conclusions from the results due to multiple confounding factors. There is some inconclusive evidence that earlier surgery is beneficial for patients with sagittal synostosis. The picture is even more mixed for other subtypes. There is no evidence that later surgery is beneficial. The authors recommend that future research use agreed-upon parameters for: age-at-surgery cut-offs, follow-up times, and outcome measures.

scholarly journals Diversity in health professional education scholarship: a document analysis of international author representation in leading journals

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e043970
Author(s):  
Brittany Buffone ◽  
Ilena Djuana ◽  
Katherine Yang ◽  
Kyle J Wilby ◽  
Maguy S El Hajj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professional ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Health Professional Education ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectivesThe global distribution of health professionals and associated training programmes is wide but prior study has demonstrated reported scholarship of teaching and learning arises from predominantly Western perspectives.DesignWe conducted a document analysis to examine authorship of recent publications to explore current international representation.Data sourcesThe table of contents of seven high-impact English-language health professional education journals between 2008 and 2018 was extracted from Embase.Eligibility criteriaThe journals were selected according to highest aggregate ranking across specific scientific impact indices and stating health professional education in scope; only original research and review articles from these publications were included for analysis.Data extraction and synthesisThe table of contents was extracted and eligible publications screened by independent reviewers who further characterised the geographic affiliations of the publishing research teams and study settings (if applicable).ResultsA total 12 018 titles were screened and 7793 (64.8%) articles included. Most were collaborations (7048, 90.4%) conducted by authors from single geographic regions (5851, 86%). Single-region teams were most often formed from countries in North America (56%), Northern Europe (14%) or Western Europe (10%). Overall lead authorship from Asian, African or South American regions was less than 15%, 5% and 1%, respectively. Geographic representation varied somewhat by journal, but not across time.ConclusionsDiversity in health professional education scholarship, as marked by nation of authors’ professional affiliations, remains low. Under-representation of published research outside Global North regions limits dissemination of novel ideas resulting in unidirectional flow of experiences and a concentrated worldview of teaching and learning.

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