Responses to reduced nicotine cigarette marketing features: a systematic review

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature regarding responses to commercial and public health marketing features for reduced nicotine cigarettes (RNCs) to anticipate potential industry and regulatory actions should an RNC product standard be issued.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed for English-language articles using several keywords for reduced nicotine products, cigarettes and marketing features published through 2020.Study selectionOf 4092 records, 26 studies were retained for review that met criteria focusing on responses to RNC marketing features.Data extractionSearch terms created by the research team were used for review and included independent extraction and coding by two reviewers. Coding was categorised using study design terminology, commercial and public health features in tobacco regulatory science, and their association with individual responses outlined by several message processing outcomes.Data synthesisMost studies focused on current cigarette smokers and were cross-sectional. Reactions to RNCs and attitudes and beliefs were the most common outcomes measured. For commercial features, articles generally studied RNC advertisements, products and/or descriptors. For public health features, articles studied counter-messaging (eg, warning labels) or general descriptors about nicotine or a reduced nicotine product standard. Commercial features were generally associated with favourable responses. Public health features offset favourable responses across most outcomes, though their efficacy was mixed. Contrasts in results by smoking status are discussed.ConclusionsCommercial marketing of RNCs is appealing and may need stronger regulations or communication campaigns to accurately convey risks. Opportunities exist for future research within tobacco regulatory science.

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The effective interventions to improve long-term physiotherapy exercise adherence among patients with lower limb osteoarthritis. A systematic review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-926978/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pathmanathan Cinthuja ◽

Nidhya Krishnamoorthy ◽

Gamalendira Shivapatham

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Lower Limb ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Exercise Adherence ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Booster Sessions

Abstract Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that severely effects work life balance impacting psychosocial and socio-economic aspects. Physiotherapy exercise is one of the intervention methods for the management of OA. Adherence to the exercise by patients is essential for the effective management of OA. Objectives: To determine different methods used to enhance physiotherapy exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis and to report the effective method to enhance exercise adherence among people with lower limb osteoarthritis. Design: Systematic review Methods: PubMed, Pedro, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2020. The date of data extraction was 04 September 2020. Two independent researchers conducted literature search, assessed eligibility, extracted data, conducted methodology quality assessment using the PEDro scale, and conducted risk of bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of key outcomes is presented; preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review was used to report the review. The study protocol was registered in the Prospero (Prospero ID: CRD42020205653). Results: The primary search strategy identified 5839 potentially relevant articles, of which 5157 remained after discarding duplicates. After screening based on title and abstract, 40 papers were potentially eligible for inclusion. Five of these papers met all predefined eligibility criteria. Introducing methods to enhance exercise adherence has caused a significant increase in exercise adherence for the short term (less than six months or 12 months). There were no significant differences, long-term adherence with different methods, reported. The results indicate that booster sessions (89.69%) and telephone-linked communication (86%) had higher percentages for the exercise adherence. Secondary outcomes such as pain, stiffness, function, show positive outcomes with increasing exercise adherence. However, there were no significant differences reported. Conclusion: The booster sessions and telephone-linked communication appear to enhance exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis. However, a number of high-quality studies are inadequate to confirm our findings. Therefore, more studies with higher methodological quality are needed to determine the best strategies to enhance long-term exercise adherence among people with osteoarthritis. Key terms: Osteoarthritis, Long term, Exercise adherence

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Prevalence of smoking in adults with spinal cord stimulators: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ◽

10.1136/rapm-2019-100996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 214-218

Author(s):

W Michael Hooten ◽

Rajat N Moman ◽

Jodie Dvorkin ◽

E Morgan Pollard ◽

Robalee Wonderman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Pooled Prevalence

BackgroundSmoking adversely impacts pain-related outcomes of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). However, the proportion of SCS patients at risk of worse outcomes is limited by an incomplete knowledge of smoking prevalence in this population. Thus, the primary aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of smoking in adults with chronic pain treated with SCS.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases from 1 January 1980 to 3 January 2019 was conducted. Eligible study designs included (1) randomized trials; (2) prospective and retrospective cohort studies; and (3) cross-sectional studies. The risk of bias was assessed using a tool specifically developed for prevalence studies. A total of 1619 records were screened, 19 studies met inclusion criteria, and the total number of participants was 10 838.ResultsThirteen studies had low or moderate risk of bias, and six had a high risk of bias. All 19 studies reported smoking status and the pooled prevalence was 38% (95% CI 30% to 47%). The pooled prevalence in 6 studies of peripheral vascular diseases was 56% (95% CI 42% to 69%), the pooled prevalence of smoking in 11 studies of lumbar spine diagnoses was 28% (95% CI 20% to 36%) and the pooled prevalence in 2 studies of refractory angina was 44% (95% CI 31% to 58%).ConclusionsThe estimated prevalence of smoking in SCS patients is 2.5 times greater than the general population. Future research should focus on development, testing and deployment of tailored smoking cessation treatments for SCS patients.

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Healthcare providers’ level of involvement in provision of smoking cessation interventions in public health facilities in Kenya

Journal of Public Health in Africa ◽

10.4081/jphia.2015.523 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Judy W. Gichuki ◽

Rose Opiyo ◽

Possy Mugyenyi ◽

Kellen Namusisi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Involvement ◽

Public Health Facilities

Healthcare providers can play a major role in tobacco control by providing smoking cessation interventions to smoking patients. The objective of this study was to establish healthcare providers’ practices regarding smoking cessation interventions in selected health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among healthcare providers working in public health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 400 healthcare providers selected using a two-stage stratified sampling technique. Only 35% of the healthcare providers surveyed reported that they always asked patients about their smoking status. Less than half (44%) reported that they always advised smoking patients to quit. Respondents who had received training on smoking cessation interventions were 3.7 times more likely to have higher practice scores than those without training (OR=3.66; 95%CI: 1.63-8.26; P=0.003). Majority of the healthcare providers do not routinely provide smoking cessation interventions to their patients. Measures are needed to increase health worker’s involvement in provision of smoking cessation care in Kenya.

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A cross-sectional population survey of physicians in Alberta, Canada about a novel provincial contact tracing smartphone app

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdaa183 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D Jerome ◽

M Pietrosanu ◽

K Dhillon

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

English Language ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Smartphone App ◽

Health Campaigns ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Knowledge And Beliefs ◽

Public Health Officials ◽

Health Zone ◽

Public Health Campaigns

Abstract Background The Canadian province of Alberta released the ABTraceTogether smartphone app in May 2020 to assist in contact tracing during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Public engagement with this public health tool has been low, limiting the effectiveness of the intervention. This study examines physician knowledge of the app and practice patterns in relation to the app. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional self-administered online English language survey of physicians and medical students in Alberta, Canada. The survey link was sent to all registered members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta and was distributed by other provincial physician organizations and health zone leaders. Results The survey received 317 responses. 96% of participants were aware of the app but only 27% had recommended the app to patients. The most common reason provided for not downloading or recommending the app was that participants had security concerns about the app. 23% of participants indicated they did not believe they had a responsibility to recommend the app to others. Conclusions Our study provides insights into participants’ knowledge and beliefs about the ABTraceTogether app. This information may be valuable to public health officials who wish to engage physicians in future public health campaigns.

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Impact of bladder cancer (BC) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in 1,476 older Americans.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.9549 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 9549-9549

Author(s):

Chunkit Fung ◽

Chintan Pandya ◽

Katia Noyes ◽

Emelian Scosyrev ◽

Deepak M. Sahasrabudhe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Age ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Older Americans ◽

Comorbidity Score ◽

Before And After ◽

Related Quality ◽

The Impact

9549 Background: The impact of BC on HRQL is poorly understood. To our knowledge, this is the first and largest cross-sectional study that compares HRQL of patients before and after BC diagnosis (DX). Methods: Our sample included 1,476 BC patients (≥ age 65) within the SEER-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey linkage database (1998-2007). We assessed differences in HRQL as measured by SF-36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) summary scores in patients who had a survey >1 yr before BC DX (n=620) and those who had a survey after BC DX (n=856). We compared groups by year from BC DX using regression analyses and results were adjusted for cancer stage, race, gender, age at BC DX, marital status, education, income, smoking status, activity of daily living (ADLs), and non-cancer comorbidities. Results: Patients who had a survey after BC DX were diagnosed with BC at an older age than those with a survey before BC DX (55.9% at age ≥75 yr vs. 36.8%; P<0.01). Other baseline demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were similar. Baseline HRQL were poor in patients before DX (PCS mean=40.1; MCS mean=51.1) with 50.6% and 31.9% of them having comorbidity score ≥2 and impairment of ≥1 ADLs, respectively. After BC DX, significant decreases in PCS (-2.7; 95% CI -3.8,-1.7) and MCS (-1.4; 95% CI -2.6, -0.3) were observed, with HRQL being lowest in those who had BC DX within 1 yr (PCS mean= 36.6; MCS mean=49.7). Declines in PCS during the <1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10, and 10+ yr periods after BC DX compared to before BC DX were -3.8 (P<0.01), -2.5 (P<0.01), -2.2 (P=0.01), -1.1 (P=0.19) and -0.8 (P=0.57) whereas decreases in MCS were -2.0 (P=0.01), -2.2 (P<0.01), -1.2 (P=0.21), -0.1 (P=0.92), -0.8 (P=0.62) respectively. More advanced BC, lower educational level, higher comorbidity score, and impaired ADLs were significantly associated with both worse PCS and MCS after BC DX (P<0.05). Lower income and older age at BC DX showed significant association with low PCS (P<0.05). Conclusions: Older BC patients are a vulnerable population with poor baseline HRQL. HRQL of patients after BC DX is significantly worse than HRQL of patients before DX, possibly due to therapy and/or disease progression. Future research that evaluates interventions to improve HRQL in older patients with BC is critical.

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Public Health, Population Health, and Epidemiology Informatics: Recent Research and Trends in the United States

Yearbook of Medical Informatics ◽

10.15265/iy-2017-035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (01) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. L. Massoudi ◽

K. G. Chester

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Population Health ◽

Workforce Development ◽

Health Informatics ◽

English Language ◽

The United States ◽

Public Health Workforce ◽

Future Research ◽

Public Health Informatics ◽

Research Activities

Summary Objectives: To survey advances in public and population health and epidemiology informatics over the past 18 months. Methods: We conducted a review of English-language research works conducted in the domain of public and population health informatics and published in MEDLINE or Web of Science between January 2015 and June 2016 where information technology or informatics was a primary subject or main component of the study methodology. Selected articles were presented using a thematic analysis based on the 2011 American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Public Health Informatics Agenda tracks as a typology. Results: Results are given within the context developed by Dixon et al., (2015) and key themes from the 2011 AMIA Public Health Informatics Agenda. Advances are presented within a socio-technical infrastructure undergirded by a trained, competent public health workforce, systems development to meet the business needs of the practice field, and research that evaluates whether those needs are adequately met. The ability to support and grow the infrastructure depends on financial sustainability. Conclusions: The fields of public health and population health informatics continue to grow, with the most notable developments focused on surveillance, workforce development, and linking to or providing clinical services, which encompassed population health informatics advances. Very few advances addressed the need to improve communication, coordination, and consistency with the field of informatics itself, as identified in the AMIA agenda. This will likely result in the persistence of the silos of public health information systems that currently exist. Future research activities need to aim toward a holistic approach of informatics across the enterprise.

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A REVIEW STUDY ON TRAMADOL ABUSE AMONG EGYPTIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v5i1.363 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lysher Tan Shu Phing ◽

Muhammad Shahzad Aslam

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Peer Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male Youth ◽

Review Reports ◽

E Mail

Tramadol, which is a medication used for moderate and severe pains, has caused drug abuse and addiction to the Egyptian community. This study aimed to observe the prevalence of tramadol abuse among Egyptian university students. By following the PRISMA reporting guideline, a systematic review of evidence was conducted. Search strategy was conducted through PubMed-NCBI to yield appropriate published literature between 2014-2019, as well as performed literature screening, eligibility criteria, and data extraction. The process of selection yielded a total number of 2 studies to be eligible for the review inclusion criteria. The characteristics evaluated that correlate to tramadol were classified into four groups: gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and failure in exams before. In general, tramadol showed positively associated with other prevalence characteristics. Tramadol is the second most commonly abused drug among university students in Egypt. The review highlights that tramadol abuse has become a common phenomenon among Egyptian university students which necessitates for ample attention. Future research is recommended to identify the causal effects of tramadol abuse and its role as a potential gateway drug. Peer Review History: Received 2 January 2020; Revised 22 February; Accepted 1 March, Available online 15 March 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Hebatallaha A Moustafa Affiliation: Ain Shams University, Egypt E-mail: [email protected] Name: Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy Affiliation: Sana'a University, Yemen E-mail: [email protected] Name: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi Affiliation: Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON BENZODIAZIPINE (BZD) ABUSERS OF DHAKA CITY: A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF BANGLADESH AWARENESS AMONGST YOUTH ABOUT USE AND ABUSE OF STEROIDS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN ALCOHOL INFLUENCES AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR THAT INCREASES LIKELIHOOD OF INITIATING DATING VIOLENCE AMONG MALE YOUTH IN COLLEGES WITHIN WESTERN COUNTRIES: A SCOPING REVIEW

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Are digital technology interventions effective to reduce loneliness in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.08.27.20183012 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syed Ghulam Sarwar Shah ◽

David Nogueras ◽

Hugo Cornelis van Woerden ◽

Vasiliki Kiparoglou

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

English Language ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental

Objective: To review the latest literature on the effectiveness of DTIs in reducing loneliness in (older) adults. Data Sources: Electronic searches in PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science covering publication period from 1 January 2010 to 31 July 2019. Subjects: Adult men and women Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis Main Outcome Measure: Loneliness. Study Selection: Primary studies that used DTIs for tackling loneliness in adults (aged ≥18 years) with follow-up measurements at least three months or more and publication in the English language. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data on several variables: participants, interventions, comparators and outcomes. Data was extracted on the primary outcome i.e. loneliness measured at the baseline and follow-up measurements at three, four, six and twelve months after the intervention. Results: Six studies were selected from 4939 articles screened. Selected studies included 5 clinical trials (4 RCTs and 1 quasi experimental study) and one before and after study, which enrolled 646 participants (men =154 (24%), women =427 (66%), no gender information =65 (10%) with average age between 73 and 78 years (SD 6-11). Five clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis and standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated for each trial and pooled across studies using a random effects model. The overall effect estimates were not statistically significant in follow-up measurements at three months (SMD= 0.02, 95% CI= -0.36, 0.40; P=0.92), four months (SMDs= -1.11, 95% CI= -2.60, 0.38; P=0.14) and six months (SMD= -0.11, 95% CI= -0.54, 0.32; P=0.61). The quality of evidence was very low to moderate in these trials. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to make conclusions that DTIs are effective in reducing loneliness in older adults. Future research may consider RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer duration of interventions and follow-up.

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Prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension in Hmawbi Cantonment Area, Yangon Region, Myanmar

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v6i1.30340 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Ye Minn Htun ◽

Kyaw Sann Win ◽

Ye Naung ◽

Wunna ◽

Kyaw Soe

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Drinking ◽

Fast Food ◽

Family Income ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Current Smoker ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stressful Condition

Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for global mortality. A community based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Hmawbi Cantonment Area, Yangon Region in November, 2015. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension concerning smoking, alcohol dinking, eating food pattern, taking regular exercise, stressful condition and body mass index (BMI). The sample consisted of 210 respondents from three Units (Light Infantry Regiments) were randomly selected to participate in the study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. It was found that 33.3% of respondents had hypertension; 55.7% achieved good awareness on hypertension as well; 16.7% respondents were current smoker; 7.6% had the history of alcohol drinking; 67.1% respondents took regular exercise; 29.5% respondents were in stressful condition; 32.9% re-spondents were overweight and 19.5% were obese. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (p-0.001), family income (p<0.001), awareness level (p-0.01), current smoking status (p<0.001), alcohol drinking (p<0.001), regular exercise taking (p<0.001), stressful condition (p<0.001), and increase BMI (p<0.001) of respondents. This setting in Hmawbi evidenced that age, family income, smoking, alcohol drinking, consumption of salty and fast food, stressful condition and increase BMI were identified as risk factors and taking regular exercise was protective. Over-all, over 50% of respondents having good awareness show that favorable circumstances exist for further strengthening the hypertension prevention and control program. These findings have implications for future public health interven-tion and clinical efforts to decrease the prevalence of hypertension among population.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(1) 2016: 20-26

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Enhanced Screening and Research Data Collection via Automated EHR Data Capture and Early Identification of Sepsis

SAGE Open Nursing ◽

10.1177/2377960819850972 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 237796081985097

Author(s):

Reba Umberger ◽

Chayawat “Yo” Indranoi ◽

Melanie Simpson ◽

Rose Jensen ◽

James Shamiyeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Health Record ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Future Research ◽

Health Record ◽

Electronic Health Record Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Apply Research ◽

Record Data ◽

Electronic Health ◽

Research Criteria

Clinical research in sepsis patients often requires gathering large amounts of longitudinal information. The electronic health record can be used to identify patients with sepsis, improve participant study recruitment, and extract data. The process of extracting data in a reliable and usable format is challenging, despite standard programming language. The aims of this project were to explore infrastructures for capturing electronic health record data and to apply criteria for identifying patients with sepsis. We conducted a prospective feasibility study to locate and capture/abstract electronic health record data for future sepsis studies. We located parameters as displayed to providers within the system and then captured data transmitted in Health Level Seven® interfaces between electronic health record systems into a prototype database. We evaluated our ability to successfully identify patients admitted with sepsis in the target intensive care unit (ICU) at two cross-sectional time points and then over a 2-month period. A majority of the selected parameters were accessible using an iterative process to locate and abstract them to the prototype database. We successfully identified patients admitted to a 20-bed ICU with sepsis using four data interfaces. Retrospectively applying similar criteria to data captured for 319 patients admitted to ICU over a 2-month period was less sensitive in identifying patients admitted directly to the ICU with sepsis. Classification into three admission categories (sepsis, no-sepsis, and other) was fair (Kappa .39) when compared with manual chart review. This project confirms reported barriers in data extraction. Data can be abstracted for future research, although more work is needed to refine and create customizable reports. We recommend that researchers engage their information technology department to electronically apply research criteria for improved research screening at the point of ICU admission. Using clinical electronic health records data to classify patients with sepsis over time is complex and challenging.

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