scholarly journals Effects of fentanyl on intraocular pressure and pupil size in medetomidine-methadone premedicated dogs: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000391
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Gomez-Martinez ◽  
Oscar Varela-Lopez ◽  
Jose Luis Fontalba-Navas ◽  
Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Fentanyl Group

BackgroundThis is a pilot study to evaluate the effects of fentanyl on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size (PS) in dogs premedicated with medetomidine and methadone.MethodsSixteen dogs with a median (first quartile–third quartile) age of 3.5 (1.25–6) years and a mean (sd) weight of 18.6 (9.2) kg were included. Baseline readings of IOP and PS were recorded before all dogs were premedicated intramuscularly with medetomidine (10 µg/kg) and methadone (0.5 mg/kg). Both measurements were repeated 15 and 30 minutes later. Following this, the dogs were randomly assigned into two groups. The fentanyl group received intravenous fentanyl (10 µg/kg), while the control group received the same volume of saline solution intravenously. IOP and PS measurements were measured and recorded in both groups at one, five and ten minutes after intravenous injection. Data were analysed with one-way and two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance or their non-parametric equivalents.ResultsPS was significantly decreased 15 and 30 minutes following intramuscular premedication and IOP was significantly increased in the fentanyl group at all time points following intravenous administration.ConclusionsMedetomidine, methadone and fentanyl combinations are not recommended for use in patients where an increase in IOP or decrease in PS is undesirable.

scholarly journals The influence of fentanyl injection followed by infusion on the intraocular pressure, pupil size and aqueous tear production in healthy non-painful dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
P Rauser ◽  
H Nemeckova ◽  
M Mrazova ◽  
J Burova ◽  
L Novak
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Anderson Darling ◽  
Fentanyl Group

The goal of the presented research was to assess the influence of continuously administered fentanyl on the intraocular pressure, pupil size and aqueous tear production in dogs. A prospective, randomised, double “blind” clinical study was performed. Twenty-five non-painful dogs, 13 breeds, a body weight of 10.0 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD) and age of 6.5 ± 3.3 years, 12 males and 13 females with no ocular abnormalities were randomly allocated into two groups receiving an intravenous injection of saline (SAL) 0.3 ml/kg followed by an infusion 2 ml/kg/h or an intravenous injection of fentanyl (FEN) 0.005 mg/kg (diluted in 0.3 ml/kg) followed by an infusion 0.005 mg/kg/h (diluted in 2 ml/kg/h). The intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size (PS), pulse rate (PR), respiratory frequency (f<sub>R</sub>) and systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (SAP, DAP) were measured before (baseline) and at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the premedication. The Schirmer Tear Test I (STT-I) was measured prior to and at 30 min after the premedication. The data were analysed by Bartlett’s, Anderson-Darling and Dunnett’s tests, the t-test and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P &lt; 0.05). Relative to the baseline, in the fentanyl group, the PS was significantly decreased at all time points, the PR was significantly decreased at T<sub>30</sub> and the f<sub>R</sub> was significantly decreased at T<sub>5</sub>, T<sub>10</sub>, T<sub>20</sub> and T<sub>30</sub>. There were no other significant changes in the IOP, STT-I, SAP and DAP relative to the baseline. Compared to the control group, in the fentanyl group, the PS was significantly smaller at T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>5</sub>, T<sub>10</sub>, T<sub>20</sub> and T<sub>30</sub>, the PR was significantly lower at T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>20</sub> and T<sub>30</sub> and the f<sub>R</sub> was significantly higher at T<sub>20</sub>. Within thirty minutes of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl in the healthy non-painful dogs, the intraocular pressure and aqueous tear production were not affected. However, the fentanyl significantly decreased pupil size. This fact should be considered, when planning analgesia where miosis is undesirable.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity assessment of different doses of ozonated water on dental pulp cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdiye Küçük ◽  
Sibel Yıldırım ◽  
Serap Çetiner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Pulp Cells ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Ozonated Water

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of various concentrations of ozonated water (OW) on human primary dental pulp cells. Methods Human primary dental pulp cells were isolated from exfoliated primary canine teeth of an 11-year-old patient with good systemic and oral health. Afterwards, cells were divided into 6 experimental groups; four groups of OW in concentrations of 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, untreated control group, and cell culture without cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after exposure for 5-min exposure using Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay at 0 h and 48 h time points. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Post-hoc tests were performed using Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results All experimental groups showed proliferation at 0 h time point. However, all groups also experienced a decrease in overtime at 48 h time point (p < 0.05). At both time points 2 mg/L OW showed the highest cell viability as well as proliferation. At 0 h time point, the increase in cell viability for all experimental groups was found statistically significant when compared to positive control group (p < 0.05). At 48 h time point, although 8 mg/L and 16 mg/L OW showed statistically significant reduction in compare to 0 h time point, 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L OW groups didn’t experience any statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering our findings, due to ozonated water's induced a higher proliferation rate of dental pulp cells, indicating their biocompatibility and a possible adjuvant on irrigating agent in regenerative endodontic procedures.

Does transcranial direct current stimulation affect selective visual attention in children with left-sided infantile hemiplegia? A randomized, controlled pilot study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Raed A. Alharbi ◽  
Saleh A. Aloyuni ◽  
Faizan Kashoo ◽  
Mohamed I. Waly ◽  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Selective Visual Attention ◽  
Subject Factor ◽  
And Control

Abstract Objective: Infantile hemiplegia due to brain injury is associated with poor attention span, which critically affects the learning and acquisition of new skills, especially among children with left-sided infantile hemiplegia (LSIH). This study aimed to improve the selective visual attention (SVA) of children with LSIH through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Methods: A total of 15 children participated in this randomized, double-blinded, pilot study; of them, 10 experienced LSIH, and the remaining 5 were healthy age-matched controls. All the children performed the Computerized Stroop Color-Word Test (CSCWT) at baseline, during the 5th and 10th treatment sessions, and at follow-up. The experimental (n = 5) and control groups (n = 5) received tDCS, while the sham group (n = 5) received placebo tDCS. All three groups received cognitive training on alternate days, for 3 weeks, with the aim to improve SVA. Results: Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a statistically significant change in the mean scores of CSCWT between time points (baseline, 5th and 10th sessions, and follow-up) within-subject factor, group (experimental, sham) between-subject factor and interaction (time points X group) (p < 0.005). Furthermore, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences between time point (p < 0.005) for the experimental and control group but not the sham group. Conclusion: These pilot results suggest that future research should be conducted with adequate samples to enable conclusions to be drawn.

Olfactory Stimulation of Preterm Infants with Breast Milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110189
Author(s):  
Woon Ae Lee ◽  
Jin Suk Ra
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Maintaining stable physiological responses may be important for the growth and development of preterm infants. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of olfactory stimulation with maternal breast milk on the occurrence of abnormal physiological responses in preterm infants. With a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design, 13 preterm infants in the experimental group and 18 preterm infants in the control group completed the intervention. The intervention was implemented three times a day for 5 days in a row with 2 hours of administration per intervention. The frequency of abnormal physiological responses was assessed over 6 days (one day before intervention administration and 5 days during intervention administration). With repeated-measures analysis of variance, the experimental group showed a significantly lower frequency of apnea than the control group ( p = .021). Olfactory stimulation with maternal breast milk may be an effective nursing intervention for reducing apnea episodes in preterm infants.

Location, Location, Location: Accelerometer Placement Affects Steps-Based Physical Activity Outcomes During Pregnancy and Postpartum

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110304
Author(s):  
Mallory R. Marshall ◽  
Alexander H. K. Montoye ◽  
Michelle R. Conway ◽  
Rebecca A. Schlaff ◽  
Karin A. Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Intensity Classification ◽  
Measurement Validity

As pregnancy progresses, physical changes may affect physical activity (PA) measurement validity. n = 11 pregnant women (30.1 ± 3.8 years) wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the right hip, right ankle, and non-dominant wrist for 3–7 days during the second and third trimesters (21 and 32 weeks, respectively) and 12 weeks postpartum. Data were downloaded into 60-second epochs from which stepping cadence was calculated; repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences among placements. At all time points, the wrist accelerometer measured significantly more daily steps (9930–10 452 steps/d) and faster average stepping cadence (14.5–14.6 steps/min) than either the hip (4972–5944 steps/d, 7.1–8.6 steps/min) or ankle (7161–8205 steps/d, 10.3–11.9 steps/min) placement, while moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity at the wrist (1.2–1.7 min/d) was significantly less than either hip (3.0–5.9 min/d) or ankle (6.1–7.3 min/d). Steps, cadence, and counts were significantly lower for the hip than the ankle at all time points. Kappa calculated for agreement in intensity classification between the various pairwise comparisons ranged from .06 to .41, with Kappa for hip–ankle agreement (.34–.41) significantly higher than for wrist–ankle (.09–.11) or wrist–hip (.06–.16). These data indicate that wrist accelerometer placement during pregnancy likely results in over counting of PA parameters and should be used with caution.

scholarly journals Comparison of Emotionally-Focused Couple Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Regarding Quality of Interpersonal Relationships in Couples with Marital Conflicts

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marital Conflicts ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy ◽  
Emotionally Focused

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotionally-focused couple therapy (EFCT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in the quality of interpersonal relationships among couples with marital conflicts. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and delayed follow-up. The study population consisted of 39 couples with marital conflicts referring to Behzisti counseling centers in Tayebad, Iran, within the second half of 2018 and first half of 2019. The participants, including 13 couples receiving EFCT, 13 couples receiving ACT, and 13 couples as the control group, were selected using convenience sampling. For the experimental groups, nine EFCT sessions and eight ACT sessions were held, and the control group was not subjected to any intervention. The research tools were Sanaeichr('39')s Marital Conflicts Questionnaire and Pierce’s Quality of Interpersonal Relationships Questionnaire that the couples of the three groups completed in three stages, namely pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Repeated measures analysis of variance, Bonferroni test, and SPSS statistical software (version 23) were used to analyze the data. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that ACT was more effective in the quality of interpersonal relationships among couples with marital conflicts than EFCT (P<0.001). Conclusion: The obtained results of the present study revealed that ACT was more effective than EFCT in the improvement of the quality of interpersonal relationships among couples with marital conflicts.

scholarly journals Effect of Educational Workshops on Disaster Risk Perception in Nurses

2020 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

INTRODUCTION: The enhancement of nurses’ risk perception plays a significant role in their preparedness during disasters and emergencies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of educational workshops on disaster risk perception in nurses METHODS: This randomized controlled field trial study included 62 nurses working at Razi Hospital, Birjand, Iran. The participants were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was then requested to participate in a one-day intensive educational workshop based on the current national standards. The workshop content included a combination of lecturing methods, round-table exercises, and film display. The data were collected using the demographic characteristic form and researcher-made questionnaires measuring the nurses’ risk perception during disasters and emergencies. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using independent t-test, repeated measures analysis, and Bonferroni post hoc tests. FINDINGS: The mean total score of risk perception were significantly higher in the intervention group before, immediately, and two months after the workshop session, compared to those in the control group (P˂0.001). CONCLUSION: The implementation of nurses’ national preparation program during disasters and emergencies can result in an increase in the nurses’ risk perception during these events. Therefore, regarding the importance of nurses’ preparedness in confrontation with disasters and emergencies, it seems necessary to integrate the National Preparedness Program into the educational programs immediately after recruitment and in the form of in-service courses.

Effect of an early mobilisation programme on pain intensity after laparoscopic surgery: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002618
Author(s):  
Azam Dehghani ◽  
Ali Hajibagheri ◽  
Ismail Azizi-Fini ◽  
Fatemeh Atoof ◽  
Noushin Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Early Mobilisation ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Mean

BackgroundPain is a common complication after laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to examine the effect of an early mobilisation programme on postoperative pain intensity after laparoscopic surgery.MethodsA randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention (n=40) and a control (n=40) group. In the intervention group, an early mobilisation programme was implemented in two rounds. The patient’s perceived pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale 15 min before and 30 min after each round of early mobilisation. Data were analysed through the independent samples t, χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests and the repeated measures analysis.ResultsThe repeated measures analysis showed that the mean pain scores have been decreased over time (F=98.88, p<0.001). Considering the observed interaction between time and the intervention, the t test was used for pairwise comparisons and showed that the mean pain score was not significantly different between the two groups in 15 min before the first round of early mobilisation (p=0.95). However, the mean pain in the intervention group was significantly less than the control group in all subsequent measurements (p<0.05).ConclusionEarly mobilisation programmes such as the one implemented in the current study are easy and inexpensive and can be implemented safely for the reduction of pain after laparoscopic surgeries.

scholarly journals Pain control in orthodontics using a micropulse vibration device: A randomized clinical trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy D. Lobre ◽  
Brent J. Callegari ◽  
Gary Gardner ◽  
Curtis M. Marsh ◽  
Anneke C. Bush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate the relationship between a micropulse vibration device and pain perception during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods:  This study was a parallel group, randomized clinical trial. A total of 58 patients meeting eligibility criteria were assigned using block allocation to one of two groups: an experimental group using the vibration device or a control group (n  =  29 for each group). Patients used the device for 20 minutes daily. Patients rated pain intensity on a visual analog scale at appropriate intervals during the weeks after the separator or archwire appointment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance at α  =  .05. Results:  During the 4-month test period, significant differences between the micropulse vibration device group and the control group for overall pain (P  =  .002) and biting pain (P  =  .003) were identified. The authors observed that perceived pain was highest at the beginning of the month, following archwire adjustment. Conclusion:  The micropulse vibration device significantly lowered the pain scores for overall pain and biting pain during the 4-month study period.

Citrate Storage Affects Thrombelastograph®Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Camenzind ◽  
Thomas Bombeli ◽  
Burkhardt Seifert ◽  
Marina Jamnicki ◽  
Dragoljub Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Prothrombin Fragment ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Thrombin Activation ◽  
And Storage

Background Thrombelastograph analysis (TEG) is used to evaluate blood coagulation. Ideally, whole blood is immediately processed. If impossible, blood may be citrated and assessed after recalcification. No data describe the effect of such treatment and storage on TEG parameters. Methods Three studies were performed in 90 surgical patients. In 30 patients, blood was citrated (1:10, 0. 129 M) and recalcified (20 microl 2 M CaCl2 to 340 microl citrated blood), and TEG was performed with native blood and after recalcification after 0, 15, and 30 min of citrate storage. In another 30 patients, TEG was performed with citrated blood recalcified immediately and after 1-72 h storage. In a third study, thrombin-antithrombin complex, prothrombin fragment 1+2, and beta-thromboglobulin were measured (using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay tests) at corresponding time points. Data were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hocpaired t tests. Results TEG parameters were different in recalcified citrated blood compared with native blood (P &lt; 0.05) and changed significantly during 30-min (P &lt; 0.025) and 72-h (P &lt; 0.001) citrate storage. TEG parameters measured between 1 and 8 h of citrate storage were stable. Thrombin-antithrombin complex and prothrombin fragment 1+2 values were not elevated in native blood. After 30 min of citrate storage a gradual thrombin activation was observed, as evidenced by increasing thrombin-antithrombin complex and prothrombin fragment 1+2 values (P &lt; 0.05). beta-Thromboglobulin level was increased after 2 and 8 h of citrate storage (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Analysis of native blood yields the most reliable TEG results. Should immediate TEG processing not be possible, citrated blood may be used if recalcified after 1-8 h.

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