Relationships between V̇O2 and blood lactate responses after all-out running exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Alves de Aguiar ◽  
Rogério Santos de Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Tiago Turnes ◽  
Kayo Leonardo Pereira ◽  
Fabrizio Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Recovery Curves ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
Endurance Runners

To verify the effects of training status and blood lactate concentration (BLC) responses on the early excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), 8 sprinters, 7 endurance runners, and 7 untrained subjects performed an incremental test to determine maximal oxygen uptake and a 1-min all-out test to determine BLC and oxygen uptake recovery curves. BLC kinetics was evaluated to assess the quantity of lactate accumulated during exercise (QlaA), lactate removal ability (k2), and quantity of lactate removed from 0 to 10 min postexercise (QlaR). Oxygen uptake off-kinetics was evaluated to assess the decay time constants (τ1 and τ2); moreover, EPOC was measured during the first 10 min after exercise. While sprinters had 98%–100% and 94%–100% likelihood of having the highest EPOC and decay time constants, endurance runners had 98%–100% and 95%–100% likelihood of having the lowest EPOC and decay time constants. EPOC was correlated with QlaA (r = 0.74) and QlaR (r = 0.61). τ1 and τ2 were correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (r > –0.57), k2 (r > –0.48), and QlaR relative to QlaA (r > –0.60). Our findings indicate that oxygen uptake recovery is associated with fast lactate removal and aerobic training. Furthermore, the metabolites derived from anaerobic energy production seem to induce a greater EPOC after all-out exercise.

Superior Physiological Adaptations After a Microcycle of Short Intervals Versus Long Intervals in Cyclists

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bent R. Rønnestad ◽  
Sjur J. Øfsteng ◽  
Fabio Zambolin ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
Daniel Hammarström
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Endurance Performance

Purpose: To compare the effects of a 1-week high-intensity aerobic-training shock microcycle composed of either 5 short-interval sessions (SI; n = 9, 5 series with 12 × 30-s work intervals interspersed with 15-s recovery and 3-min recovery between series) or 5 long-interval sessions (LI; n = 8, 6 series of 5-min work intervals with 2.5-min recovery between series) on indicators of endurance performance in well-trained cyclists. Methods: Before and following 6 days with standardized training loads after the 1-week high-intensity aerobic-training shock microcycle, both groups were tested in physiological determinants of endurance performance. Results: From pretraining to posttraining, SI achieved a larger improvement than LI in maximal oxygen uptake (5.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–10.3; P = .015) and power output at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L−1 (3.8%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–7.4; P = .038). There were no group differences in changes of fractional use of maximal oxygen uptake at a workload corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L−1, gross efficiency, or the 1-minute peak power output from the maximal-oxygen-uptake test. Conclusion: The SI protocol may induce superior changes in indicators of endurance performance compared with the LI protocol, indicating that SI can be a good strategy during a 1-week high-intensity aerobic-training shock microcycle in well-trained cyclists.

Lactate removal ability and graded exercise in humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Oyono-Enguelle ◽  
J. Marbach ◽  
A. Heitz ◽  
C. Ott ◽  
M. Gartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
The Individual

Venous lactate concentrations of nine athletes were recorded every 5 s before, during, and after graded exercise beginning at a work rate of 0 W with an increase of 50 W every 4th min. The continuous model proposed by Hughson et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 62: 1975-1981, 1987) was well fitted with the individual blood lactate concentration vs. work rate curves obtained during exercise. Time courses of lactate concentrations during recovery were accurately described by a sum of two exponential functions. Significant direct linear relationships were found between the velocity constant (gamma 2 nu) of the slowly decreasing exponential term of the recovery curves and the times into the exercise when a lactate concentration of 2.5 mmol/l was reached. There was a significant inverse correlation between gamma 2 nu and the rate of lactate increase during the last step of the exercise. In terms of the functional meaning given to gamma 2 nu, these relationships indicate that the shift to higher work rates of the increase of the blood lactate concentration during graded exercise in fit or trained athletes, when compared with less fit or untrained ones, is associated with a higher ability to remove lactate during the recovery. The results suggest that the lactate removal ability plays an important role in the evolution pattern of blood lactate concentrations during graded exercise.

Blood Lactate Concentration and Clearance in Elite Swimmers During Competition

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Vescovi ◽  
Olesya Falenchuk ◽  
Greg D. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Lactate Removal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
Effect Of Age

Purpose:Blood lactate concentration, [BLa], after swimming events might be influenced by demographic features and characteristics of the swim race, whereas active recovery enhances blood lactate removal. Our aims were to (1) examine how sex, age, race distance, and swim stroke influenced [BLa] after competitive swimming events and (2) develop a practical model based on recovery swim distance to optimize blood lactate removal.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed postrace [BLa] from 100 swimmers who competed in the finals at the Canadian Swim Championships. [BLa] was also assessed repeatedly during the active recovery. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the relationship between postrace [BLa] with independent variables.Results:Postrace [BLa] was highest following 100–200 m events and lowest after 50 and 1500 m races. A sex effect for postrace [BLa] was observed only for freestyle events. There was a negligible effect of age on postrace [BLa]. A model was developed to estimate an expected change in [BLa] during active recovery (male = 0; female = 1): [BLa] change after active recovery = –3.374 + (1.162 × sex) + (0.789 × postrace [BLa]) + (0.003 × active recovery distance).Conclusions:These findings indicate that swimmers competing at an elite standard display similar postrace [BLa] and that there is little effect of age on postrace [BLa] in competitive swimmers aged 14 to 29 y.

Treatment of Anaemia in Haemodialysis Patients with Erythropoietin: Long-Term Effects on Exercise Capacity

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Báaráany ◽  
Ulla Freyschuss ◽  
Erna Pettersson ◽  
Jonas Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Maximal Exercise Capacity

1. The effects of correcting anaemia on exercise capacity were evaluated in 21 haemodialysis patients (aged 39 ± 12 years) before starting treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (Hb concentration, 73 ± 10 g/l; total Hb, 59 ± 12% of expected), after correction of the anaemia to a Hb concentration of 108 ± 7 g/l and a total Hb 82 ± 10% of expected, and in 13 of the patients after 12 months on maintenance recombinant human erythropoietin treatment (Hb concentration 104 ± 14 g/l, total Hb 79 ± 17% of expected). Fifteen healthy subjects (aged 41 ± 9 years), who took no regular exercise, constituted the control group. Maximal exercise capacity was determined on a bicycle ergometer. Oxygen uptake, respiratory quotient, blood lactate concentration, heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest and at maximal workload. 2. After 6 ± 3 months on recombinant human erythropoietin, maximal exercise capacity increased from 108 ± 27 W to 130 ± 36 W (P < 0.001) and the maximal oxygen uptake increased from 1.24 ± 0.39 litres/min to 1.50 ± 0.45 litres/min (P < 0.001). No significant changes in respiratory quotient (1.16 ± 0.13 versus 1.18 ± 0.13) and blood lactate concentration (4.0 ± 1.8 versus 3.6 ± 1.1 mmol/l) at maximal workload were observed, but the blood lactate concentration in the patients was significantly lower than that in the control subjects (6.7 ± 2.3 mmol/l, P < 0.01). After the correction of anaemia, the aerobic power was still 38% lower in the patients than in the control subjects and 17% lower than the reference values. 3. After 12 months on maintenance recombinant human erythropoietin treatment (17 ± 3 months from the start of the study), no further significant changes were observed in maximal exercise capacity (before start, 112 ± 31 W, 6 ± 3 months, 134 ± 42 W, 17 ± 3 months, 134 ± 50 W), maximal oxygen uptake (before start, 1.33 ± 0.45 litres/min; 6 ± 3 months, 1.59 ± 0.54 litres/min; 17 ± 3 months, 1.75 ± 0.78 litres/min) or blood lactate concentration (before start, 4.4 ± 1.9 mmol/l; 6 ± 3 months, 4.0 ± 1.0 mmol/l; 17 ± 3 months, 4.7 ± 2.0 mmol/l). 4. Thus, in haemodialysis patients the improvement in maximal aerobic power after the correction of anaemia persists without marked changes during long-term treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin. We did not observe any effects on exercise capacity that could be attributed to a spontaneous increase in physical activity after treatment of anaemia.

Metabolic recovery from exhaustive activity by a large lizard

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Excess Oxygen ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Metabolic Recovery ◽  
Strenuous Activity ◽  
Lactate Removal

Gas exchange (VO2 and VCO2) and blood lactate concentration were measured in the lizard Amblyrhynchus cristatus at 25 and 35 degrees C during resting, running, and recovery after exhaustion (less than or equal to 180 min) to analyze the temperature dependency of metabolic recovery in this lizard. Amblyrhynchus exhausted twice as fast (4.2 vs. 8.8 min) at 25 degrees C than when running at the same speed at 35 degrees C. At both temperatures, VO2 and VCO2 increased rapidly during activity and declined toward resting levels during recovery in a manner similar to other vertebrates. Respiratory quotients (R, where R = VCO2/VO2) exceeded 2.0 after exhaustion at both temperatures. Extensive lactate production occurred during activity; blood lactate concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 1.7 mg lactate/ml blood after activity. Net lactate removal exhibited a temperature dependence. Blood lactate concentrations remained elevated hours after VO2 returned to normal. Endurance was reduced in lizards that had recovered aerobically but still possessed high lactate concentrations. The temporal separation of the excess oxygen consumption and lactate removal suggests that the concept of the lactacid oxygen debt is not applicable to this animal. The temperature dependence of total metabolic recovery suggests a benefit for Amblyrhynchus that select warm basking temperatures following strenuous activity.

Critical power in adolescent boys and girls — an exploratory study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Williams ◽  
Jeanne Dekerle ◽  
Kerry McGawley ◽  
Serge Berthoin ◽  
Helen Carter
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The purpose of the study was to identify critical power (CP) in boys and girls and to examine the physiological responses to exercise at and 10% above CP (CP+10%) in a sub-group of boys. Nine boys and 9 girls (mean age 12.3 (0.5) y performed 3 constant-load tests to derive CP. Eight of the boys then exercised, in random order, at CP and CP+10% until volitional exhaustion. CP was 123 (28) and 91 (26) W for boys and girls, respectively (p < 0.02), which was equivalent to 75 (6) and 72 (10) % of peak oxygen uptake, respectively (p > 0.47). Boys’ time to exhaustion at CP was 18 min 37 s (4 min 13 s), which was significantly longer (p < 0.007) than that at CP+10% (9 min 42 s (2 min 31 s)). End-exercise values for blood lactate concentration (B[La]) and maximal oxygen uptake were higher in the CP+10% trial (5.0 (2.4) mmol·L–1 and 2.15 (0.4) L·min–1, respectively) than in the CP trial, (B[La], 4.7 (2.1) mmol·L–1; maximal oxygen uptake, 2.05 (0.35) L·min–1; p > 0.13). Peak oxygen uptake (expressed as a percentage of the peak value) was not attained at the end of the trials (94 (12) and 98 (14) % for CP and CP+10%, respectively). These results provide information about the boundary between the heavy and severe exercise intensity domains in children, and have demonstrated that CP in a group of boys does not represent a sustainable steady-state intensity of exercise.

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