Sex-based differences in hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride storage and metabolism

Women and men store lipid differently within the body with men storing more fat in the android region and women storing more fat in the gynoid region. Fat is predominately stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerides (TG); however, TG are also stored in other tissues including the liver and skeletal muscle. Excess hepatic TG storage, defined as a TG concentration >5% of liver weight and known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is related to the metabolic syndrome. Similarly, elevated skeletal muscle TG, termed intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), are related to insulin resistance in obesity and type II diabetes. Men store more hepatic TG than women and, unsurprisingly, NAFLD is more prevalent in men than women. Women store more IMCL than men, yet type II diabetes risk is not greater, which is likely due to the manner in which women store TG within muscle. Sex-based differences in TG storage between men and women are underpinned by differences in messenger RNA expression, protein content, and enzyme activities of skeletal muscle and hepatic lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, women have a greater reliance on lipid during exercise because of upregulation of lipid oxidative pathways. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of sex in mediating lipid storage and metabolism within skeletal muscle and the liver at rest and during exercise and its relationship with metabolic disease.

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Role of jalapan in the samprapti and vidhi vihit jalapan in the management of prameha w.s.r. to type-II diabetes mellitus

National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science ◽

10.52482/ayurlog.v8i03.600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Anjali A. Deshpande

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

The Body ◽

Type Ii ◽

General Rules ◽

Causative Factors ◽

Comparative Clinical Study

Present era of urbanization,industrialization is responsible for the stresssful, sendentary lifestyle that makes a person more susceptible to Diabetes Mellitus.The misconceptions about food consumption,indiscriminate intake of liquids are the causative factors of lifestyle disorders like diabetes.Ayurveda is the science which explains scientific process and general rules for the consumption of food through the aaharvidhivisheshayatana and aaharvidhividhan.It also highlights the effect of proper food consumption and effect of proper water intake on the body. An open labeled add on comparative clinical study was conducted in BSDT’s Ayurved hospital.Thirty diagnosed patients of type II Diabetes mellitus were randomly selected from the OPD of kayachikitsa and enrolled into two groups.Role of jalapan in the samprapti of prameha and vidhi vihit (as per rules described in samhita) jalapan along with the vyadhipratyanik chikitsa were assessed in the management of prameha with special reference to type II diabetes mellitus. Nidanparivarjana is an essential part in the management of disease. It is observed that there is an association between jalapan and prameha and vidhi vihit Jalapan plays an important role in the treatment of prameha.

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Regulation of glycogen synthase activity in cultured skeletal muscle cells from subjects with type II diabetes: role of chronic hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.46.6.1017 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1017-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. E. Nikoulina ◽

T. P. Ciaraldi ◽

L. Abrams-Carter ◽

S. Mudaliar ◽

K. S. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽

Type Ii ◽

Glycogen Synthase Activity

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Regulation of Glycogen Synthase Activity in Cultured Skeletal Muscle Cells From Subjects With Type II Diabetes: Role of Chronic Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperglycemia

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diab.46.6.1017 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1017-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. E. Nikoulina ◽

T. P. Ciaraldi ◽

L. Abrams-Carter ◽

S. Mudaliar ◽

K. Park Soo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽

Type Ii ◽

Glycogen Synthase Activity

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Role of lipid oxidation in pathogenesis of insulin resistance of obesity and type II diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.36.11.1341 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 1341-1350 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

J. P. Felber ◽

E. Ferrannini ◽

A. Golay ◽

H. U. Meyer ◽

D. Theibaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii

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Abstract P432: Higher Muscle-to-Abdominal Cavity Ratio is Associated with Lower Odds of Type II Diabetes in Older Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap432 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Britta Larsen ◽

Matthew Allison ◽

Eugene Kang ◽

Sarah Saad ◽

Gail A Laughlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Abdominal Muscle ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Type Ii ◽

Obese Women ◽

Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽

Race Ethnicity

Background: Excess abdominal adipose tissue has been identified as an important factor in the development of type II diabetes. Lean muscle tissue also plays an important role in glucose regulation, yet research on the role of muscle in diabetes etiology is limited. Abdominal muscle mass could be particularly relevant for normal weight diabetics, for whom excessive abdominal adipose tissue may play less of a role. Objective: To explore the association between muscle-to-abdominal cavity area ratio and prevalent diabetes in older community-dwelling women in the Rancho Bernardo Study, UCSD Filipino Women’s Health Study, and the Health Assessment Study of African-American Women. Methods: Participants were 421 women (40% Caucasian, 28% Filipina, 32% African American) with a mean age of 64 (6.9) years. Abdominal muscle and fat areas were measured using computed tomography (CT) scans, and were used to compute a muscle-to-abdominal cavity area ratio (MACR). Based on body mass index (BMI), participants were classified as normal weight (18-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9), or obese (30+). Prevalent diabetes was defined as self-report of physician diagnosis, anti-diabetes medication use, fasting morning glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2 hour glucose ≥ 200mg/dL. MACR was modeled per standard deviation (SD) and logistic regression was used to examine the association with diabetes while adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: Prevalent diabetes was seen in 12.8% of the sample (54 of 421). In age and race/ethnicity adjusted models, each SD increase in MACR was associated with significant reduced odds of diabetes (OR = 0.62, CI: 0.43-0.89, p = 0.01), which remained significant after further adjustment for BMI category, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, anti-hypertensive drugs, and estrogen use (OR = 0.64, CI: 0.41-0.98, p = .041). The association was modestly attenuated after further adjusting for visceral fat area (OR = 0.70, CI: 0.44-1.10, p = 0.12). Normal weight women with diabetes had significantly less total muscle (p = 0.045) and smaller MACR’s (p = 0.001) than those without diabetes, while this was not seen for overweight or obese women with diabetes. Stratified by BMI category, MACR was significantly associated with lower odds of diabetes for normal weight women across all three models (fully adjusted OR = 0.37, CI: 0.15-0.90, p =.03), yet was not associated with diabetes in any models for women who were overweight or obese (all p > 0.50). Interactions of MACR with race/ethnicity were not significant. Conclusions: Muscle-to-abdominal cavity ratio is associated with reduced likelihood of type II diabetes in women. This association differs by BMI category, with muscle showing the greatest protection in normal weight women, and no effect in overweight or obese women. This highlights the potential role of low muscle mass as a risk factor for diabetes, particularly in women who may appear to be at low risk.

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Systematic-analysis of mRNA expression profiles in skeletal muscle of patients with type II diabetes: The glucocorticoid was central in pathogenesis

Journal of Cellular Physiology ◽

10.1002/jcp.26174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 233 (5) ◽

pp. 4068-4076 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kan Shao ◽

Li-Sha Shen ◽

Hui-Hua Li ◽

Shan Huang ◽

Yong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Type Ii ◽

Systematic Analysis

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The role of lipids in the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance and beta cell failure in type II diabetes and obesity

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-2001-18581 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 109 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. S189-S201 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

E. Kraegen ◽

G. Cooney ◽

J.-M. Ye ◽

A. Thompson ◽

S. Furler

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Beta Cell ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii ◽

Muscle Insulin Resistance ◽

Beta Cell Failure ◽

Diabetes And Obesity

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Recent advances in understanding the role of FOXO3

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.15258.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1372 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Renae J. Stefanetti ◽

Sarah Voisin ◽

Aaron Russell ◽

Séverine Lamon

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Protein Turnover ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

The Body ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Protein Pool

The forkhead box O3 (FOXO3, or FKHRL1) protein is a member of the FOXO subclass of transcription factors. FOXO proteins were originally identified as regulators of insulin-related genes; however, they are now established regulators of genes involved in vital biological processes, including substrate metabolism, protein turnover, cell survival, and cell death. FOXO3 is one of the rare genes that have been consistently linked to longevity in in vivo models. This review provides an update of the most recent research pertaining to the role of FOXO3 in (i) the regulation of protein turnover in skeletal muscle, the largest protein pool of the body, and (ii) the genetic basis of longevity. Finally, it examines (iii) the role of microRNAs in the regulation of FOXO3 and its impact on the regulation of the cell cycle.

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Outcome of breast cancer patients regarding obesity and complications: Analysis of risk factors

Romanian Medical Journal ◽

10.37897/rmj.2021.1.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

Iuliana Pantelimon ◽

◽

Laurentia Nicoleta Gales ◽

Maria Daniela Tanasescu ◽

Irina Nita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Body Mass ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

The Body ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Her2 Overexpression ◽

Type Ii

Introduction. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Romania. In the context in which the treatments available for this pathology have increased curability, the identification of negative prognostic factors involved in the evolution of this disease seems essential to improve the overall survival as well as the time to disease progression. Aim. The aim of this study is to identify the role of prognostic factors such as ki67 proliferation index, the presence of tumour estrogen receptors, HER2 overexpression, the presence of secondary determinations at diagnosis, the association of obesity and type II diabetes. Methods. 50 patients diagnosed with breast cancer treated in the Elias University Emergency Hospital Bucharest were retrospectively followed, for which the progression was documented at the time of elaboration of this study. Thus, a database was developed in which data were entered on age, body mass index, immunohistochemical characteristics of breast tumours, the presence/absence of metastases at diagnosis and the association of type II diabetes. Statistical calculations were performed to highlight a possible correlation between obesity (quantified by measuring body mass index) and tumour aggressiveness (quantified by ki67 proliferation index) as well as statistical evaluation of potential prognostic factors that would influence time, until the disease progresses. Results. Within this group, no correlation could be established between the presence of an increased body mass index and the value of the ki67 proliferation index (p = 0.38). The mean value of the body mass index for this group of unselected patients was 28.76 ± 4.81 (DS) most patients are therefore overweight or obese. The factors involved in the evolution of breast cancer that influenced the early progression of the disease were: the proliferation index ki67 (p <0.05), the presence of metastases at diagnosis (p < 0.0001) and the association of type II diabetes (p = 0.0085). The value of the body mass index did not influence the time to disease progression according to statistical calculations in this group probably due to the small number of normal weight patients included (p = 0.34).

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