Demographic study of the macrothallus of Leathesia difformis (Phaeophyta) in Nova Scotia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. O. Chapman ◽  
C. L. Goudey
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Corallina Officinalis ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Species Type

A population of Leathesia difformis macrothalli was examined by actuarial analysis. Plants were present for only 12 weeks between mid-June and early September. During that time, increasing mortality rate was correlated with increased crowding. Experimental reduction of crowding markedly reduced mortality rates. Mortality rate was also correlated with wave motion. Leathesia difformis grew epiphytically on Chondrus crispus and Corallina officinalis. Mortality rates were not significantly affected by host species type. Harvesting of biomass increments and knowledge of mortality rates allowed estimation of net production by the L. difformis population as 17 mg C∙m−2∙day−1.

Initial Report of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery as Sole Therapy for Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Operative and Intermediate-Term Outcome

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Harris ◽  
Avinash Reddy ◽  
Dorothee Aepplii ◽  
Betsy Wilson ◽  
Robert W. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Off Pump ◽  
Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Pump Coronary Artery Bypass

Background: Patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB) with coexistent moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) have a significant mortality rate compared to patients without MR. The mortality rate is elevated both perioperatively (0%-12% mortality), as well as over a 1- and 2-year postoperative period (15%-25%). It is thought that some patients are best served by off-pump CAB (OPCAB); however, outcomes have not been reported for such patients with coexistent moderate IMR. Methods: We reviewed the independent database of patients undergoing OPCAB between 1995 and 2002 to find 989 patients, 17 (1.7%) of whom had moderate or moderately severe MR. Patients were contacted and clinical and echocardiographic data were obtained. Results: The patient group consisted of 11 men and 6 women (age, 65 15 years). The study group had a PA pressure of 52 14, creatinine of 1.6 0.7, and left ventricular ejection fraction of 43 18. Nine patients (53%) had advanced New York Heart Association (class III-IV) heart failure. Mortality rates perioperatively and at 1, 2, and 3 years were 0%, 6.25% (1/16), 12.5% (2/16), and 38% (4/8), respectively. At the time of this report, no patient had returned for a reparative procedure. Conclusion: In patients felt to be best served by OPCAB with ischemic MR, operative and intermediate mortality rates are remarkably similar to those previously reported for on-pump series. These data underscore the continued need to understand which patients undergoing CAB require mitral valve problems to be addressed at the time of surgery.

scholarly journals Effects of some bioinsecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alime Bayindir Erol ◽  
Oktay Erdoğan ◽  
İsmail Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner

Abstract Background In this study, commercial bioinsecticides including entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, and Spinetoram active ingredient insecticide were evaluated against the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae. Main body The active ingredients were prepared at the recommended concentrations under laboratory conditions and applied to the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta by spraying with a hand sprayer. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the application, evaluations were made by counting survived individuals. The findings showed that the highest mortality rates were detected in the case of Spinetoram with 56, 60, 88, and 100% on all counting days of the experiments, respectively. The highest mortality rate among bioinsecticides was recorded for M. anisopliae, with 87% mortality on the 7th day of application. Short conclusion As a result, Spinetoram was found the most effective insecticide when applied to T. absoluta, followed by M. anisopliae.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7409
Author(s):  
Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽  
Pamela Smith ◽  
Mariel Opazo ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

scholarly journals Mortality in Patients with Brainstem Cavernous Malformations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Julia Velz ◽  
Marian Christoph Neidert ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Kevin Akeret ◽  
Peter Nakaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Single Center Study

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCM)-associated mortality has been reported up to 20% in patients managed conservatively, whereas postoperative mortality rates range from 0 to 1.9%. Our aim was to analyze the actual risk and causes of BSCM-associated mortality in patients managed conservatively and surgically based on our own patient cohort and a systematic literature review. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Observational, retrospective single-center study encompassing all patients with BSCM that presented to our institution between 2006 and 2018. In addition, a systematic review was performed on all studies encompassing patients with BSCM managed conservatively and surgically. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 118 patients, 54 were treated conservatively (961.0 person years follow-up in total). No BSCM-associated mortality was observed in our conservatively as well as surgically managed patient cohort. Our systematic literature review and analysis revealed an overall BSCM-associated mortality rate of 2.3% (95% CI: 1.6–3.3) in 22 studies comprising 1,251 patients managed conservatively and of 1.3% (95% CI: 0.9–1.7) in 99 studies comprising 3,275 patients with BSCM treated surgically. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The BSCM-associated mortality rate in patients managed conservatively is almost as low as in patients treated surgically and much lower than in frequently cited reports, most probably due to the good selection nowadays in regard to surgery.

Outcome in an Urban Pediatric Trauma System with Unified Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Care

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. VanRooyen ◽  
Edward P. Sloan ◽  
John A. Barrett ◽  
Robert F. Smith ◽  
Hernan M. Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Trauma Center ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Trauma System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Field Triage ◽  
Pediatric Trauma Center

AbstractHypothesis:Pediatric mortality is predicted by age, presence of head trauma, head trauma with a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, a low Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), and transport directly to a pediatric trauma center.Population:Studied were 1,429 patients younger than 16 years old admitted to or declared dead on arrival (DOA) in a pediatric trauma center from January through October, 1988. The trauma system, which served 3-million persons, included six pediatric trauma centers.Methods:Data were obtained by a retrospective review of summary statistics provided to the Chicago Department of Health by the pediatric trauma centers.Results:Overall mortality was 4.8% (68 of 1429); 32 of the patients who died (47.1%) were DOA. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.6%. Head injury was the principal diagnosis in 46.2% of admissions and was a factor in 72.2% of hospital deaths. The mortality rate was 20.3% in children with a GCS≤10 and 0.4% when the GCS was >10 (odds ratio [OR] = 67.0, 95% CI = 15.0–417.4). When the PTS was ≤ 5, mortality was 25.6%; with a PTS > 5, the mortality was 0.2% (OR = 420.7, 95% CI = 99.3–2,520). Although transfers to a pediatric trauma center accounted for 73.6% of admissions, direct field triage to a pediatric trauma center was associated with a 3.2 times greater mortality risk (95% CI = 1.58–6.59). Mortality rates were equal for all age groups. Pediatric trauma center volume did not influence mortality rates.Conclusions:Head injury and death occur in all age groups, suggesting the need for broad prevention strategies. Specific GCS and PTS values that predict mortality can be used in emergency medical services (EMS) triage protocols. Although the high proportion of transfers mandates systemwide transfer protocols, the lower mortality in these patients suggests appropriate EMS field triage. These factors should be considered as states develop pediatric trauma systems.

scholarly journals Optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for acute cholangitis associated with distal malignant biliary obstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namyoung Park ◽  
Sang Hyub Lee ◽  
Min Su You ◽  
Joo Seong Kim ◽  
Gunn Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Acute Cholangitis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Malignant Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distal Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Abstract Background There is a lack of studies regarding the optimal timing for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with cholangitis caused by distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). This study aims to investigate the optimal timing of ERCP in patients with acute cholangitis associated with distal MBO with a naïve papilla. Methods A total of 421 patients with acute cholangitis, associated with distal MBO, were enrolled for this study. An urgent ERCP was defined as being an ERCP performed within 24 h following emergency room (ER) arrival, and early ERCP was defined as an ERCP performed between 24 and 48 h following ER arrival. We evaluated both 30-day and 180-day mortality as primary outcomes, according to the timing of the ERCP. Results The urgent ERCP group showed the lowest 30-day mortality rate (2.2%), as compared to the early and delayed ERCP groups (4.3% and 13.5%) (P < 0.001). The 180-day mortality rate was lowest in the urgent ERCP group, followed by early ERCP and delayed ERCP groups (39.4%, 44.8%, 60.8%; P = 0.006). A subgroup analysis showed that in both the primary distal MBO group, as well as in the moderate-to-severe cholangitis group, the urgent ERCP had significantly improved in both 30-day and 180-day mortality rates. However, in the secondary MBO and mild cholangitis groups, the difference in mortality rate between urgent, early, and delayed ERCP groups was not significant. Conclusions In patients with acute cholangitis associated with distal MBO, urgent ERCP might be helpful in improving the prognosis, especially in patients with primary distal MBO or moderate-to-severe cholangitis.

Abstract P261: Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering Will Prevent Over 100,000 Deaths Annually

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Kramer ◽  
Adam Bress ◽  
Srinivasan Beddhu ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Richard S Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Annual Mortality ◽  
The U.S

Background: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) trial randomized 9,361 adults aged ≥50 years at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk without diabetes or stroke to intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering (≤120 mmHg) or standard SBP lowering (≤140 mmHg). After a median follow up of 3.26 years, all-cause mortality was 27% (95% CI 40%, 10%) lower with intensive SBP lowering. We estimated the potential number of prevented deaths with intensive SBP lowering in the U.S. population meeting SPRINT criteria. Methods: SPRINT eligibility criteria were applied to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006, a representative survey of the U.S. population, linked with the mortality data through December 2011. Eligibility included (1) age ≥50 years with (2) SBP 130-180 mmHg depending on number of antihypertensive classes being taken, and (3) presence of ≥1 CVD risk conditions (history of coronary heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20 to 59 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , 10-year Framingham risk score ≥15%, or age ≥75 years). Adults with diabetes, stroke history, >1 g/day proteinuria, heart failure, on dialysis, or eGFR<20 ml/min/1.73m 2 were excluded. Annual mortality rates for adults meeting SPRINT criteria were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and the expected reduction in mortality rates with intensive SBP lowering in SPRINT was used to determine the number of potential deaths prevented. Analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Results: An estimated 18.1 million U.S. adults met SPRINT criteria with 7.4 million taking blood pressure lowering medications. The mean age was 68.6 years and 83.2% and 7.4% were non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black, respectively. The annual mortality rate was 2.2% (95% CI 1.9%, 2.5%) and intensive SBP lowering was projected to prevent 107,453 deaths per year (95% CI 45,374 to 139,490). Among adults with SBP ≥145 mmHg, the annual mortality rate was 2.5% (95% CI 2.1%, 3.0%) and intensive SBP lowering was projected to prevent 60,908 deaths per year (95% CI 26, 455 to 76, 792). Conclusions: We project intensive SBP lowering could prevent over 100,000 deaths per year of intensive treatment.

Explanation of Perinatal Mortality Rate in Collaborative Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-891
Author(s):  
Arnold S. Goldstein ◽  
Henry H. Mangurten
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Single Umbilical Artery ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
General Mortality ◽  
Future Management

The article by Froehlich and Fujikura1 on the prognosis of single umbilical artery is a much needed and highly informative addition to the literature. It presents a great deal of information and some important implications as to future management. We question the mortality rates quoted. They are given as percentages, and include stillbirths and neonatal deaths, i.e., perinatal mortality. The figure given as the general mortality rate is 3.8% or 38 per 1,000 births. Previous figures cited for perinatal mortality in the United States have varied from approximately 19 per 1,000 to approximately 26 per 1,000.2-4 We wonder how the figure of 38 per 1,000 was determined.

Endovascular Aortic Repair in Patients of Advanced Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 152660282110493
Author(s):  
Mitri K. Khoury ◽  
Micah A. Thornton ◽  
Christopher A. Heid ◽  
Jacqueline Babb ◽  
Bala Ramanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Treatment decisions for the elderly with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are challenging. With advancing age, the risk of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) increases while life expectancy decreases, which may nullify the benefit of EVAR. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of EVAR on 1-year mortality in patients of advanced age. Materials and Methods: The 2003–2020 Vascular Quality Initiative Database was utilized to identify patients who underwent EVAR for AAAs. Patients were included if they were 80 years of age or older. Exclusions included non-elective surgery or missing aortic diameter data. Predicted 1-year mortality of untreated AAAs was calculated based on a validated comorbidity score that predicts 1-year mortality (Gagne Index, excluding the component associated with AAAs) plus the 1-year aneurysm-related mortality without repair. The primary outcome for the study was 1-year mortality. Results: A total of 11 829 patients met study criteria. The median age was 84 years [81, 86] with 9014 (76.2%) being male. Maximal AAA diameters were apportioned as follows: 39.6% were <5.5 cm, 28.6% were 5.5–5.9 cm, 21.3% were 6.0–6.9 cm, and 10.6% were ≥7.0 cm. The predicted 1-year mortality rate without EVAR was 11.9%, which was significantly higher than the actual 1-year mortality rate with EVAR (8.2%; p<0.001). The overall rate of perioperative MACE was 4.4% (n = 516). Patients with an aneurysm diameter <5.5cm had worse actual 1-year mortality rates with EVAR compared to predicted 1-year mortality rates without EVAR. In contrast, those with larger aneurysms (≥5.5cm) had better actual 1-year mortality rates with EVAR. The benefit from EVAR for those with Gagne Indices 2–5 was largely restricted to those with AAAs ≥ 7.0cm; whereas those with Gagne Indices 0–1 experience a survival benefit for AAAs larger than 5.5 cm. Conclusion: The current data suggest that EVAR decreases 1-year mortality rates for patients of advanced age compared to non-operative management in the elderly. However, the survival benefit is largely limited to those with Gagne Indices 0–1 with AAAs ≥ 5.5 cm and Gagne Indices 2–5 with AAAs ≥ 7.0 cm. Those of advanced age may benefit from EVAR, but realizing this benefit requires careful patient selection.

scholarly journals Analysis of mortality from diarrheic diseases in under-five children in Brazilian cities with more than 150,000 inhabitants

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraci Vieira Sergio ◽  
Antônio Carlos Ponce de Leon
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Annual Mortality ◽  
Children Under 5

This study analyzes mortality from infectious diarrheic diseases in children under 5 years of age in Brazilian municipalities with more than 150,000 inhabitants, excluding State capitals. The annual mortality rates by municipality from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed using a multilevel model, with years as first level units nested in municipalities as second level units. The dependent variable was the yearly mortality rate by municipality, on the log scale. Polynomial time trends and indicator variables to account for differences in geographic regions were used in the modeling. Time trends were centered on 1995, so they could be modeled differently before and after 1995. From 1990 to 1995 there was a sharp decrease in mortality rates by diarrheic diseases in most Brazilian municipalities, while from 1995 to 2000 the decrease was more heterogeneous. In 1995 the North and Northeast of Brazil had higher mortality rates than the Southeast, and the differences were statistically significant. Most importantly, the study concludes that there was an important difference in the pattern of mortality rate decreases over time, comparing the country's five geographic regions.

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