The influence of salinity on Scirpus americanus tidal marshes in the St. Lawrence River estuary, Québec

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 920-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Deschênes ◽  
J.-B. Sérodes
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Scirpus Americanus ◽  
St Lawrence River

The amount of sodium in the aboveground part of the stalks of Scirpus americanus taken at the peak of biomass is a good indicator of the amount of salinity in the waters flooding the tidal marshes of an estuary. In fresh water, the Na concentrations remain below 10 000 and then increase sharply up to 20 000 – 30 000 mg/kg in brackish waters. Even though this plant can grow under brackish conditions, salinity has a considerable effect on the percentage of submersion it can withstand. Consequently, in the presence of saline water, the lower limit of the vegetation regresses towards the shore. In the case of fresh water, Scirpus americanus occupies the lower part of marshes up to an average of 75% of submersion, while in brackish water it extends to about 35% and then disappears when waters are more saline.

Experimental and field studies on the viability of eggs, and the infectivity of third-stage larvae of the human hookworm Necator americanus recovered from the creek waters of the Niger Delta, Nigeria, and their epidemiological significance

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Udonsi
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Cultures

SUMMARYIn a combined field and laboratory study, the eggs and 3rd-stage infective larvae of the human hookworm Necator americanus were recovered from the creek waters of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. They were tested for viability and infectivity. Eggs recovered from fresh water creeks showed a viability or hatching index of between 17·5 and 23·7%. Eggs recovered from brackish water showed a viability index of 18·8–21·4% in ‘normal’ cultures, and a maximum index of 6·3% when cultured in brackish water. The differences in the viability indices of these eggs were not significant (P > 0·05). Infective 3rd-stage larvae were recovered from both fresh creek water (205–258 L3/litre of water), and brackish water (45 L3/litre of water). Larvae hatched from brackish water eggs that were cultured in the brackish water were 20% infective by 3 days, but lost all infective potential by 7 days posthatching. Larvae from fresh water eggs, cultured in fresh water and ‘normal’ laboratory cultures reached 50% infectivity in 3–5 days, losing potential infectivity in 11–15 days posthatching. The infectivity patterns of larvae recovered directly from fresh and brackish waters did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) from the infectivity patterns of larvae recovered from laboratory cultures of eggs from all the experimental sources. Although larvae recovered directly from fresh and brackish waters survived in these respective media under laboratory conditions, there was a significant difference (P < 0·05) in their survival patterns. The survival and infectivity rates of field larvae were considerably reduced over time relative to control larvae. These results indicate that both contaminated fresh and brackish water creeks and their banks may form additional hookworm infection foci in areas where various water contact activities are carried out by the human host population.

Isoetes laurentiana, sp. nov. (Isoetaceae) endemic to freshwater tidal marshes in eastern Quebec, Canada

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 571-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Brunton ◽  
P.C. Sokoloff ◽  
J.F. Bolin ◽  
D.F. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Tidal Marshes ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
International Union ◽  
Freshwater Tidal Marsh ◽  
Local Abundance ◽  
C Value ◽  
Erect Leaves ◽  
St Lawrence River

Morphological, phytogeographic, ecological, preliminary genetic, and C-value evidence indicates that populations of Isoetes confined to freshwater tidal marsh habitats along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada, represent an undescribed endemic species, proposed here as Isoetes laurentiana sp. nov. The combination of short velum coverage (ca. 10%) over a plain (unstreaked) sporangium, broad (ca. 1.0 mm) erect leaves, small megaspores (ca. 459 μm) with more densely convoluted-reticulate, almost echinate ornamentation, and its occurrence within an exceptional habitat, readily distinguish I. laurentiana from I. tuckermanii A.Braun with which it was formerly combined. Isoetes laurentiana is one of a series of endemic taxa of the floristically extraordinary St. Lawrence River estuary. Some populations of I. laurentiana are immense; in cultivation it demonstrates the capacity for prolific production of new individuals, which is presumably necessary to sustain such local abundance. Isoetes laurentiana is of national and global phytogeographic significance, but is not considered to represent a species at risk according to standards from the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Biology and population characteristics of the shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur 1818 (Osteichthyes:Acipenseridae), in the Saint John River Estuary, New Brunswick, Canada

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2186-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Dadswell
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Shortnose Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Brevirostrum ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Population Weight

During a 4-year study, 4178 shortnose sturgeon were captured and 2453 marked with numbered tags and released. For adults, Z was estimated as 0.12–0.15 and F was estimated as 0.01. The population weight–length relationship was log W = 3.21 (log FL) − 5.45, where W = weight in kilograms and FL = fork length in cm. The oldest female was 67 years; the oldest male was 32 years. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters L∞, W∞, and K were 127.0 cm, 24.8 kg, and 0.047 for females, and 108.7 cm, 13.9 kg, and 0.063 for males. Sex ratio of adults was 2:1 for females. Males spawned first about age 12 and probably at 2-year intervals thereafter; females spawned at 18 years and 3- to 5-year intervals thereafter. Fecundity was 27 000 – 208 000 eggs per female. Spawning occurs in freshwater, riverine sections of the upper estuary during May–June at 10–15 °C. Feeding occurred only during May to October in fresh water but continued all year in saline water. Juveniles ate mainly insects and crustaceans; adults ate small molluscs. Juveniles remained in fresh water until they attained 45 cm, then joined the regular annual migration of adults, which moved upstream in spring–summer and seaward in fall. Many ripening females migrated upstream in fall and overwintered in deep, freshwater sites adjacent to spawning grounds. The Seber-Jolly estimate of the adult (> 50 cm) population was 18 000 ± 30%.

scholarly journals Antioxidants, inhibits the growth of foodborne pathogens and reduces nitric oxide activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells of nipa palm vinegar

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12151
Author(s):  
Wilaiwan Senghoi ◽  
Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Nipa Palm

Nipa palm vinegar (NPV) made from the sap of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) has long been used as a local food seasoning and folk medicine. This study compared the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of three NPVs obtained from different plantations based on varied soil and water salinity levels, including fresh water NPV, brackish water NPV and saline water NPV. The analysis results revealed that total phenolic content of saline water NPV had statistically significantly lower than both fresh water and brackish water NPV (p < 0.0001). Furthermore percentage of acetic acid in brackish water NPV had statistically significantly lower than both fresh water and saline water. NPV (p = 0.002). Nevertheless, total flavonoid and pH, were not significantly different (p = 0.144 and 0.066, respectively). The antioxidant activities using three ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods displayed similar patterns, in which saline water NPV showed the highest antioxidant activities, followed by brackish water and fresh water NPV, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was examined for seven enteropathogenic bacteria. The tested NPVs were found inhibitive against all test cultures with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤ 7.8 µL/mL. The cytotoxicity of the NPV obtained from different plantations by MTT assay revealed low cytotoxicity. Anti-inflammatory activity was also carried out through the inhibition of nitric oxide production. The fresh water NPV exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 17.59 ± 0.17 µL/mL, followed by saline and brackish water NPV with IC50 18.12 ± 0.49 and 28.29 ± 2.64 µL/mL, respectively. The findings indicated that NPV from different soil salinities could potentially be natural functional food and developed to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medicinal agents with safety.

Investigational Studies on Quantity of Salinity in Netravati River Estuary Sand-Coastal Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Raveesha P ◽  
K. E. Prakash ◽  
B. T. Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The salt water mixes with fresh water and forms brackish water. The brackish water contains some quantity of salt, but not equal to sea water. Salinity determines the geographic distribution of the number of marshes found in estuary. Hence salinity is a very important environmental factor in estuary system. Sand is one major natural aggregate, required in construction industry mainly for the manufacture of concrete. The availability of good river sand is reduced due to salinity. The quality of sand available from estuarine regions is adversely affected due to this reason. It is the responsibility of engineers to check the quality of sand and its strength parameters before using it for any construction purpose. Presence of salt content in natural aggregates or manufactured aggregates is the cause for corrosion in steel. In this study the amount of salinity present in estuary sand was determined. Three different methods were used to determine the salinity in different seasonal variations. The sand sample collected nearer to the sea was found to be high in salinity in all methods.  It can be concluded that care should be taken before we use estuary sand as a construction material due to the presence of salinity.

scholarly journals Foliar-Applied Potassium Silicate Coupled with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improves Growth, Physiology, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Irrigated with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Emad M. Hafez ◽  
Hany S. Osman ◽  
Usama A. Abd El-Razek ◽  
Mohssen Elbagory ◽  
Alaa El-Dein Omara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The continuity of traditional planting systems in the last few decades has encountered its most significant challenge in the harsh changes in the global climate, leading to frustration in the plant growth and productivity, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions cultivated with moderate or sensitive crops to abiotic stresses. Faba bean, like most legume crops, is considered a moderately sensitive crop to saline soil and/or saline water. In this connection, a field experiment was conducted during the successive winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in a salt-affected soil to explore the combined effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and potassium (K) silicate on maintaining the soil quality, performance, and productivity of faba bean plants irrigated with either fresh water or saline water. Our findings indicated that the coupled use of PGPR and K silicate under the saline water irrigation treatment had the capability to reduce the levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil and to promote the activity of some soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenase), which recorded nearly non-significant differences compared with fresh water (control) treatment, leading to reinstating the soil quality. Consequently, under salinity stress, the combined application motivated the faba bean vegetative growth, e.g., root length and nodulation, which reinstated the K+/Na+ ions homeostasis, leading to the lessening or equalizing of the activity level of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD, and SOD) compared with the controls of both saline water and fresh water treatments, respectively. Although the irrigation with saline water significantly increased the osmolytes concentration (free amino acids and proline) in faba bean plants compared with fresh water treatment, application of PGPR or K-silicate notably reduced the osmolyte levels below the control treatment, either under stress or non-stress conditions. On the contrary, the concentrations of soluble assimilates (total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars) recorded pronounced increases under tested treatments, which enriched the plant growth, the nutrients (N, P, and K) uptake and translocation to the sink organs, which lastly improved the yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and K-silicate is considered a profitable strategy that is able to alleviate the harmful impact of salt stress alongside increasing plant growth and productivity.

scholarly journals Resistance of bacteria isolated from leachate to heavy metals and the removal of Hg by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain FZ-2 at different salinity levels in a batch biosorption system

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fauzul Imron ◽  
Setyo Budi Kurniawan ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Sanitary Landfill Leachate

AbstractLeachate is produced from sanitary landfills containing various pollutants, including heavy metals. This study aimed to determine the resistance of bacteria isolated from non-active sanitary landfill leachate to various heavy metals and the effect of salinity levels on the removal of Hg by the isolated bacterium. Four dominant bacteria from approximately 33 × 1017 colony-forming units per mL identified as Vibrio damsela, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from non-active sanitary landfill leachate. Heavy metal resistance test was conducted for Hg, Cd, Pb, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu (0–20 mg L− 1). The removal of the most toxic heavy metals by the most resistant bacteria was also determined at different salinity levels, i.e., fresh water (0‰), marginal water (10‰), brackish water (20‰), and saline water (30‰). Results showed that the growth of these bacteria is promoted by Fe, Mn, and Cu, but inhibited by Hg, Cd, Pb, Mg, and Zn. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all the bacteria in Fe, Mn, and Cu was > 20 mg L− 1. The MIC of V. damsela was 5 mg L− 1 for Hg and >  20 mg L− 1 for Cd, Pb, Mg, and Zn. For P. aeruginosa, MIC was > 20 mg L− 1 for Cd, Pb, Mg, and Zn and 10 mg L− 1 for Hg. Meanwhile, the MIC of P. stutzeri was > 20 mg L− 1 for Pb, Mg, and Zn and 5 mg L− 1 for Hg and Cd. The MIC of P. fluorescens for Hg, Pb, Mg, and Zn was 5, 5, 15, and 20 mg L− 1, respectively, and that for Cd was > 20 mg L− 1. From the MIC results, Hg is the most toxic heavy metal. In marginal water (10‰), P. aeruginosa FZ-2 removed up to 99.7% Hg compared with that in fresh water (0‰), where it removed only 54% for 72 h. Hence, P. aeruginosa FZ-2 is the most resistant to heavy metals, and saline condition exerts a positive effect on bacteria in removing Hg.

scholarly journals Content of inorganic solutes in lettuce grown with brackish water in different hydroponic systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Fabio T. O. de Freitas ◽  
Paula C. Viana ◽  
Maria R. S. Rafael ◽  
André D. de Azevedo Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of ions in lettuce grown in different hydroponic systems and recirculation frequencies. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. The evaluated hydroponic systems were Nutrient Flow Technique (NFT) and an adapted Deep Flow Technique (DFT), the latter with recirculation frequencies of 0.25, 2 and 4 h. Both systems used fresh water and brackish water. Plant growth, accumulation of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, Cl- and NO3-) and the correlation between dry matter production and Na+/K+ and Cl-/NO3- were evaluated. The salinity of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution caused decrease in growth and K+ and NO3- levels, and increased contents of Na+ and Cl- in the plants. When using fresh water the highest dry matter production was obtained in the NFT system. In case of brackish water the adapted DFT system increased the production, in relation to NFT system (at same recirculation frequency: 0.25 h). It was found that the choice of the type of hydroponic system and recirculation interval for the cultivation of lettuce depends on the quality of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Brief pre- and post-irrigation sprinkling with fresh water reduces foliar salt uptake in maize and barley sprinkler irrigated with saline water

1996 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Benes ◽  
R. Arag��s ◽  
R. B. Austin ◽  
S. R. Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Uptake

CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES SOLS SULFATÉS ACIDES DE LA SÉRIE DE L'ANSE EN MILIEU ESTUARIEN (QUÉBEC)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. R. LAVERDIERE ◽  
R. W. BARIL
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Organic C ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Sulfate Leaching ◽  
St Lawrence River

Acid sulfate soils were sampled according to the transect method in four bays along the south shore of the St. Lawrence river to determine their properties in their area of distribution. In each bay, six profiles of cultivated soils were sampled along a transect perpendicular to the river. One non-cultivated profile was also sampled at l'Isle-Verte. The lower limit of the B horizons, between 79 and 89 cm, suggested a homogeneous development of these soils across the area. Most profiles contained jarosite in the lower Bg and, sometimes, in the C horizons; this mineral was absent in the upper part of the profiles of soils that had been limed prior to cultivation. Total S content increased with depth, but only a few horizons had a content > 0.75% presumably because of sulfate leaching once the soils were drained. Organic C content in the de l'Anse soils decreased less rapidly with depth than in other gleysolic soils, because vegetation grew while sediments were being deposited. Key words: Acid sulfate soils, total S, recent marine sediments, jarosite

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document