scholarly journals NITROGEN REGIME OF PEAT SOIL IN NORTHERN PART OF TRANS-URALS ZONE

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. S. Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Reclamation System

The paper highlights the results of many-year (1982-1992, 2011-2014 гг.) research on the concentration of mineral nitrogen in the arable medium peat soil layer of the forest-steppe of Trans Urals zone. The research was carried out on the experimental-reclamation system Reshetnikovo located in the central part of the Tarman bog on the second lacustrine-alluvial basin of the Tura River in Tyumen region. The soils on the experimental plot have a slightly acidic reaction (5.2 - 5.9), relatively low hydrolytic acidity (28.1 - 40.8 mg-eqv/100 g of soil), relatively low degree of base saturation (61.7 - 75.5%), high gross nitrogen concentration (3.1 - 3.9%), low concentration of phosphorus (0.09 - 0.14%) and potassium (0.02 - 0.05%). The researchers found out that mineralization of peat is slow and almost always fails to provide sufficient and continuous supply of nitrogen, despite its large gross reserves. Due to insufficient number of mobile nitrogen compounds from peat organic matter during the growing season it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers. When peat soils contain low concentrations of phosphorus (0.7 - 3.7 mg/100 g of soil), the highest number of nitrate nitrogen is accumulated in the arable layer under perennial grasses due to its low consumption for the yield. Re-reclaimed peat soil is characterized by negative nitrogen concentration. As perennial grasses require nitrogen, it is fulfilled by means of fertilizers on 41.4 - 72%. The authors observed a tendency of reducing nitrate reserves under perennial grasses even if nitrogen fertilizers are applied. This indicates a decrease in the mineralization rate of peat organic matter. The ammonium nitrogen concentration increases. Discontinuance of nitrogen fertilizers use reduces the nitrate nitrogen concentration on 30-49% in the first year and on 46.7-59.1% by the end of the fourth year of after-effect. The amount of ammonium nitrogen increases in 1.6-3.7 times in 4 years.

scholarly journals Fertilizer nitrogen in soil

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Pentti Hänninen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Considerable Period

The distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soils of field trials was followed in two growing seasons. In these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate were, at several rates, applied as surface dressing. It was found that not only the ammonium nitrogen but also the nitrate nitrogen applied to the surface of loam, silt, silt clay, and fine sand clay soils tended to remain in the top inch for a considerable period in the absence of heavy rainfalls or a longer wet period. The plants appeared rapidly to deplete the layers downwards from 1 inch, but even after six and eight weeks from the application of the fertilizers the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents of the surface inch could be markedly higher in the treated plots than in the untreated ones. In the non-cropped soil, eight weeks after the application of the fertilizers, the mineral nitrogen content of the top inch corresponded to about 60 % of the nitrogen applied. On the basis of these results the working in or placement of nitrogen fertilizers seems to be profitable. Fixation of ammonium nitrogen in unexchangeable forms was observed in some of the trials. This, however, did not significantly impair the value of ammonium nitrate limestone as a nitrogen source in these trials.

scholarly journals Prediction of nitrate nitrogen content in soil using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
V. K. Kalichkin ◽  
T. A. Luzhnykh ◽  
V. S. Riksen ◽  
N. V. Vasilyeva ◽  
V. A. Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Posteriori Probability ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Trust Network ◽  
A Posteriori Probability

The possibilities and feasibility of using the Bayesian network of trust and logistic regression to predict the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer before sowing have been investigated. Data from long-term multifactor field experience at the Siberian Research Institute of Farming and Agricultural Chemization of SFSCA RAS for 2013-2018 were used to train the models. The experiment was established on leached chernozem in the central forest-steppe subzone in 1981 in the Novosibirsk region. Considering the characteristics of the statistical sample (observation and analysis data), the main predictors of the models affecting nitrate nitrogen content in soil were identified. The Bayesian trust network is constructed as an acyclic graph, in which the main (basic) nodes and their relationships are denoted. Network nodes are represented by qualitative and quantitative plot parameters (soil subtype, forecrop, tillage, weather conditions) with corresponding gradations (events). The network assigns a posteriori probability of events for the target node (nitrate-nitrogen content in the 0-40 cm soil layer) as a result of experts completing the conditional probability table, taking into account the analysis of empirical data. Two scenarios were analyzed to test the sustainability of the network and satisfactory results were obtained. The result of the logistic regression is the coefficients characterizing the closeness of the relationship between the dependent variable and the predictors. The coefficient of determination of the logistic regression is 0.7. This indicates that the quality of the model can be considered acceptable for forecasting. A comparative assessment of the predictive capabilities of the trained models is given. The overall proportion of correct predictions for the Bayesian confidence network is 84%, for logistic regression it is 87%.

The growth of Luffa aegyptiaca in response to various nitrogen sources and concentrations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2283-2287
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya ◽  
Olusola O. Lakanmi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

The growth responses of Luffa aegyptiaca to various nitrogen sources and concentrations were investigated. In sand culture at high concentrations of nitrogen, the species showed equally favourable responses to nitrate nitrogen (KNO3 or Ca(NO3)2), ammonium nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4), and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen (NH4NO3). There was poor growth in response to NaNO3, CO(NH2)2, and a solution lacking nitrogen. In lateritic soil, the species responded better to ammonium nitrogen and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen than to nitrate nitrogen. Growth was generally poorer in lateritic soil than in sand. Neither the nitrogen sources nor their concentrations had any significant effect on root weight or the leaf weight ratio. There was a significant decrease in growth as nitrogen concentration decreased in KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 treatments but it was only at the low concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 that growth was significantly reduced. The shoot: root mass ratio decreased as nitrogen concentration decreased. The nature of the growth media and the ecological habit of the species are used to partly explain its responses to different nitrogen sources and concentrations. The possible application of these results to increasing the production of L. aegyptiaca is also discussed.

Influence of agromeliorative measures on the density and water yield of sodpodzolic soil when irrigated with livestock runoff

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Viktor Kopytovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Experimental Justification ◽  
Reclamation System

The article discusses the results of long-term field research on irrigation of perennial grasses with livestock runoff. The aim of the research was the experimental justification of land reclamation measures and drainage-free run off during irrigation of land with runoff from pig-breeding complexes. Experimental studies were conducted on a specialized reclamation system in Orsha district of Vitebsk region, where the soil cover is represented by sod-podzolic loamy soils. The experimental design included 8 options. As a result of research, it was found out that irrigation with livestock runoff leads to compaction of the upper soil layers. In the arable layer of 0–20 cm, the additional density increased from 1.26 to 1, 32 g/cm3, or 4.8 %, compared to the control, and in variants with irrigation and drainage measures, the compaction was somewhat less. In the soil layer of 0–40 cm, deconsolidation was greater only in the variants with soil deepening and loosening by 4 %, and when applying straw – by 5.1 %.In the 0–60 cm layer, a decrease in the density of addition was observed only in the variants with deep loosening and the introduction of straw. It was also found out that soil water loss varies over time. It is most intense in the first 2–3 hours and almost completely stops after 10–18 hours for monoliths with a thickness of 0.4–0.6 m, and in monoliths of 1.0 m, after 36–48 hours. The highest intensity of water loss was registered in options 5, 6 and 7. The lowest was in the control variant and option 2, where no land reclamation measures were taken. In options 5, 6 and 7, a decrease in the intensity of water loss by years was noted. Thus, in option 5 in 2000, water loss amounted to 0.9 mm /h, in 2001 – 0.87 mm/h, and in 2002 – 0.85 mm/h. Similar patterns were revealed in options 6 and 7. In the control option and option 2 without agro-reclamation measures, the intensity of water loss also decreased. The decrease in the intensity of water loss over the years is associated with changes in the density of the soil caused by anthropogenic impact on it. First of all, with compaction by farm machines and ongoing irrigation of perennial grasses.

scholarly journals Calibration of Nitrogen Content of Soil with Sweet Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
István Buzás ◽  
E. Hoyk ◽  
I. Cserni ◽  
J. Bors-Pető
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Matter Production

It was found that quantitative and qualitative indices of the sweet corn yield correlate with the nitrate nitrogen content of the upper soil layer (0-30 cm). As no correlation was established between the nitrate nitrogen content of the lower layers and the sweet corn, the conclusion was drawn that the quantity of sweet corn yield is determined even before its roots reach deeper down than 30 cm and the nitrogen content of the lower layers could affect the sweet corn.  Depending on the NO 3 -N content of the soil before fertilization the maximal corn ear mass achievable with fertilization may vary. In the study the same yield could not be accomplished in the case of the lowest soil nitrogen concentration (2.9 mg NO 3 -N/kg) with the highest fertilizer rate (200 kg N/ha) - but probably irrespective of any amount of fertilizer - as on the soil of 4.6 mg NO 3 -N/kg. In the case of the poorly supplied soil the fertilization curve becomes flat sooner or turns negative. The phenomenon that, regarding various soils, the maximal yield achievable on soils with good production features with fertilization is higher than in the case of soils having worse features, is well-known. That this fact is also valid in the case of the same soils was expected after calibration experiments carried out with winter oilseed rape and beet root, but it has not been proven for sweet corn as yet.  The results also showed that the grain dry matter production of sweet corn per hectare can still be enhanced with the increase in the soil's nitrogen supply, even if the corn ear does not grow.  The presented calibration curves show - in the range of 2.9-4.6 mg NO 3 -N/kg soil - how much corn ear and grain dry matter produce are expected on soils with differing nitrogen supply, distributing 0-200 kg nitrogen fertilizer in spring.

Nitrogen Loads in Leaching Waters of Soils in Different Lands under the Conditions of Natural Rains in Dachong Watershed in Yun-Gui Plateau of PRC

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 552-559
Author(s):  
Zhen Hong Wang ◽  
Chang Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
High Output

It is crucial to understand the nitrogen output loads in leaching water of soils in different lands controlling non-point source pollution. Leaching water collecting devices were installed in soils of 7 kinds of typical land use types in a representative watershed to collect water samples and evaluate output loads of TN, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen under the conditions of natural rains. Results showed that concentration of TN, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen in leaching water from vegetable fields and slope croplands were significantly higher than those from other lands. The concentration of these three indexes in leaching water from rice fields was lowest during the whole growing period except for seedling establishment and tillering stages among slope croplands, terraced fields and paddy fields. With the growth of crops and increasing depth of soils, different-typed nitrogen concentration in leaching water from different lands gradually decreased. Slope croplands, terraced lands and secondary evergreen broadleaf forests generated high output loads of nitrogen pollutants but rice fields and vegetable fields not due to less leaching water and open forests and sugiki forests not due to low nitrogen concentration in leaching waters. On the average, the output loads of TN, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen were 179.764 kg•ha-1，103.645 kg•ha-1 and 7.431kg• ha-1 in the watershed. The study revealed the intensity of nitrogen pollution from different land uses in typical watershed of Yun-Gui plateau.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION OF NITRATE NITROGEN IN THE SOIL AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS WHEN LONG-TERM MINIMIZING OF TILLAGE ACCORDING TO VARIOUS FORECROPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
V. E. Sineshchekov ◽  
G. I. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
River Region

In a multifactor stationary field experiment on the area of the Elitnoye Holding in the Novosibirsk region (central forest-steppe subzone) in 2002-2018 the seasonal dynamics of nitrate nitrogen in the fields of four full grain-steam crop rotation by steam and grain predecessors against an extensive background (without chemical means) in four versions of the main mechanical treatment of leached black soil was investigated. Along with this, the productivity of grain crops was studied with long-term minimization of the main tillage on extensive and intensive backgrounds. The authors found out that in the central forest-steppe of the Ob river region before sowing grain crops according to the various methods of steam preparation most of all in the meter layer of nitrate soil was found in black steam with plowing (150 kg / ha) and less in variants with soil-protective treatments (132-141 kg / ha ). The lowest level of this element in the soil (124 kg / ha) in spring was noted by the early minimum steam. Before sowing the second wheat after steam, the nitrate nitrogen content in the meter soil layer for plowing (79 kg / ha) was slightly higher than in the options with soil treatment (61-64 kg / ha). In the final field of crop rotation, regardless of the studied soil cultivation systems, the minimum initial amount of nitrogen (56-57 kg / ha) was noted. By the end of the growing season of crops, the nitrate content in the soil was sharply reduced. Before harvesting wheat by steam, the nitrogen content in the upper meter profile was 41-55 kg / ha, for grain precursors even less - 27-33 kg / ha. The steam yield of grain crops on extensive and intensive backgrounds was 3.09-3.21 and 3.96-4.02 t / ha, respectively, and practically did not depend on the methods of its preparation. On repeated sowing the wheat yield in comparison with an extensive background in plowing (1.26-1.79 t / ha) was significantly higher than in the studied options for minimizing the main tillage (1.02-1.55 t / ha). When optimizing the mineral nutrition of plants and the phytosanitary situation of crops, wheat productivity by grain predecessors in crop rotation fields increased 2.0-2.9 times without significant differences in soil treatment options.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SINGLE AND MIXED CROPS OF PERMANENT GRASS ON SOIL ENZYMIC ACTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Галина Марковская ◽  
Galina Markovskaya ◽  
Светлана Гусева ◽  
Svetlana Guseva
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Mixed Crops

The research is aimed at the development of effective methods to restore soil fertility under intensive agrogenic loads. The studies were conducted in the fields of the Department of Plant Cultivation and Agriculture from 2016 to 2018. The following variants of single-species and mixed crops of perennial grasses were studied: 1. awnless brome; 2. crested wheat grass; 3. awnless brome + smooth brome; 4. crested wheat grass + Agropyron; 5 awnless brome + smooth brome + Hungarian sainfoin; 6. crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin. Medium soil samples were taken from the experimental field from all variants of single-species and mixed crops of perennial grasses in triplicate in three periods: beginning, middle, and end of the growing season. Samples were taken from depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Bacteria number was assessed by sowing special soil mixture on the solid sterile MPA media according to the method of J. Sega. Enzyme activity was determined by the method of A. Sh. Galstyan. When studying the activity of PPO, a high activity of this enzyme was observed in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. The analysis of the activity of the enzyme peroxidase has various indicators both between the studied variants and in the soil section. The high activity of the enzymes was noted in the variants «awnless brome + smooth brome» and «crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin». In the process of research, a correlation was found between peroxidase activity and the number of bacteria. The highest coefficient of humification was noted in the «awnless brome», the lowest – «crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin». From 2016 to 2018, in the first variant, a decrease in the coefficient of humification is observed. Thus, of the above options, with the optimal species composition, the following options turned out to be: « awnless brome», «awnless brome +smooth brome», «awnless brome +smooth brome + Hungarian sainfoin». Research data were processed by the dispersion method.

Fertility of peat soils in Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Gley Soil

The smallest moisture capacity in medium-thick peat soil in a meter layer is 671,2 mm, which is 19,3 % more than that of low-power and 38,9 % peat-gley soil. During the formation of the first mowing of perennial grasses, the moisture reserves in the 0,5‑meter layer were always in the optimal range (0,7–0,9 HB). The lack of moisture during deep occurrence of groundwater (1,2–1,6 m) causes a decrease in the yield of the second mowing of perennial grasses by 46–89 % in peat-gley soil and 25–40 % in medium-power soil. The arable layer of peaty-gley soil contains 4,4 times more nitrates than the average power. Without fertilizing after 3 years, the amount of nitrate nitrogen in peaty-gley soil is reduced by 1,9 times, low- and medium-power soil – by 2,3–2,4 times. The amount of nitrate nitrogen is more than that of ammonia, in peat-gley soil 4 times, low-power – 3,5 times. Reserves of available phosphorus in the arable layer of peaty-gley soil are 2,5 times greater than in lowpower, and 3,1 times in average power. Without fertilizing after 4 years, in the arable layer of peaty-gley soil under perennial grasses, the content of available phosphorus decreased by 45,4 %, in low-power – by 20,5 %, in medium-power – by 15,8 %. The advantage in potassium reserves in the arable layer belongs to peaty-gley soil and is due to its high content in the underlying mineral peat. In peaty-gley soil, the decrease in potassium reserves down the profile is 1,6 times; in thin soil – 3,2 times; average power – 2,5 times. Hay productivity of perennial grasses on peaty-gleyic soil is respectively higher by 8.3 and 24,5 % than on low- and medium-power peaty soils. A crucial role in increasing the yield of herbs and gaining increases is played by the nutritional regime.

Ratio of fixed and assimilated nitrogen in a black alder (Alnusglutinosa) stand

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Beaupied ◽  
André Moiroud ◽  
Anne-Marie Domenach ◽  
Fawaz Kurdali ◽  
Robert Lensi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dinitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Isotopic Abundance ◽  
Black Alder

The ratio of fixed and assimilated nitrogen was determined in a black alder (Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stand throughout a growing season by measuring symbiotic dinitrogen fixation, soil mineral nitrogen concentration, and soil nitrifying capacity. The symbiotic dinitrogen fixation evaluated by the method based on natural isotopic abundance, δ15N) showed that most nitrogen present in alder leaves was derived from fixation (94%). Nitrogenase activity, measured by acetylene reduction assay, began at bud break and continued over the growing season, but showed great variation. The upper soil layer (0–15 cm) beneath black alder contained ammonium and nitrate nitrogen on sampling dates. Nitrification, determined by biological nitrous oxide (N2O) production after a short insitu incubation, occurred throughout the season. Black alders satisfied most of their nitrogen requirements from an atmospheric origin.

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