Microfungal community structure from forest soils in southern Quebec, using discriminant function and factor analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Widden
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Pine Forest Soil

Fungal isolation data, from four forest soils, were analyzed using both discriminant analysis and factor analysis, to investigate the structure of fungal communities. The analyses indicated that the forest of origin was a major factor determining fungal community structure in these soils. Discriminant analysis separated the fungal communities of coniferous-forest soil samples from those of deciduous-forest soil samples. The pine-forest soil, which was in an early stage of invasion by hardwoods, had a fungal community intermediate in structure between the extremes. Of the microfungi isolated, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Farrowia seminuda, Geomyces pannorus, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium janthinellum, Trichoderma polysporum, and Zygorrhynchus moelleri were associated with the coniferous sites, whereas an Acremonium species, Gliomastix murorum, Paecilomyces carneus, Pae. fumosoroseus, Penicillium spinulosum, and Pen. thomii characterized the deciduous-forest soils. Many pine-forest soil fungi were species abundant in the other soils, a possible reflection of the successional stage of the forest. Both factor analysis and discriminant analysis yielded similar interpretations of the data and indicated the importance of fungal interactions in determining community structure. The discriminant analyses also showed that fungal isolation data gave a better separation between the soils of the four forests than did abiotic data.

scholarly journals Soil acidity and mobile aluminum status in pseudogley soils in Cacak-Kraljevo basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
Djordje Jockovic ◽  
Goran Dugalic ◽  
Goran Bekavac ◽  
Bozana Purar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
The Mean

Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are considered most damaging soil conditions affecting the growth of most crops. This paper reviews the results of tests of pH, exchangeable acidity and mobile aluminum (Al) concentration in profiles of pseudogley soils from Cacak-Kraljevo basin. For that purpose, 102 soil pits were dug in 2009 in several sites around Cacak- Kraljevo basin. The tests encompassed 54 field, 28 meadow, and 20 forest soil samples. Samples of soil in the disturbed state were taken from the Ah and Eg horizons (102 samples), from the B1tg horizon in 39 field, 24 meadow and 15 forest pits (a total of 78 samples) and from the B2tg horizon in 14 field, 11 meadow, and 4 forest pits (a total of 29 samples). Mean pH values (1M KCl) of the tested soil profiles were 4.28, 3.90 and 3.80 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. Soil pH of forest samples was lower than those in meadow and arable land samples (mean values of 4.06, 3.97 and 3.85 for arable land, meadow and forest samples, respectively). Soil acidification was especially intensive in deep horizons, as 27% (Ah), 77% (Eg) and 87% (B1tg) soil samples had the pH value below 4.0. Mean values of total exchangeable acidity (TEA) were 1.55, 2.33 and 3.40 meq 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. The TEA values in forest soils were considerably higher (3.39 meq 100 g-1) than those in arable soils and meadow soils (1.96 and 1.93, respectively). Mean mobile Al contents of tested soil samples were 11.02, 19.58 and 28.33 mg Al 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. According to the pH and TEA values, mobile Al was considerably higher in the forest soils (the mean value of 26.08 mg Al 100 g-1) than in the arable soils and meadow soils (the mean values of 16.85 and 16.00 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). The Eg and B1tg horizons of the forest soil had especially high mobile Al contents (the mean values of 28.50 and 32.95 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). High levels of mobile Al were especially frequent in the forest soils, with 35% (Ah), 85.0% (Eg) and 93.3% (B1tg) of the tested samples ranging above 10 mg Al 100 g-1.

Response of N2O and N2 Emissions in Forest Soils to Temperature Change across China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoming Yu ◽  
Yunting Fang ◽  
Ronghua Kang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
N Cycle

<p>N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> Emissions from soil in terrestrial ecosystems is a crucial component of the global nitrogen (N) cycle. The response of these two gases emissions from forest soil to temperature change and its underlying mechanisms are essential for predicting N cycle to global warming. Despite the warming-induced effects on soil N cycle is considered to be positive in general, our understanding of temperature sensitivity (Q<sub>10</sub>) of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions is rather limited. We quantified the Q<sub>10</sub> of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions in forest soils and explored their major driving factors by conducting an incubation experiment using <sup>15</sup>N tracer (Na<sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub>) with soil samples from nineteen forest sites from temperate to tropical zones. The environmental conditions largely varied: mean annual temperature (MAT) ranging from -5.4 to 21.5<sup>o</sup>C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranging from 300 to 2449 mm. The soil pH varied between 3.62 to 6.38. We incubated soil samples under an anaerobic condition with temperature from 5 to 35<sup>o</sup>C with an interval of 5<sup>o</sup>C for 12 or 24 hours, respectively. Soil temperature strongly affected the production of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub>. N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> production rates showed a positive exponential relation with incubate time and temperature for all forest soils. Our results showed that the Q<sub>10</sub> values ranged from 1.31 to 2.98 for N<sub>2</sub>O emission and 1.69 to 3.83 for N<sub>2</sub> emission, indicating a generally positive feedback of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> production to warming. Higher Q<sub>10</sub> values for N<sub>2</sub> than N<sub>2</sub>O implies that N<sub>2</sub> emission is more sensitive to temperature increase. The N<sub>2</sub>O/(N<sub>2</sub>O+N<sub>2</sub>) decreased with increasing temperature in fifteen of nineteen forest soils, suggesting that warming accelerates N<sub>2</sub> emission. Strong spatial variation in Q<sub>10</sub> were also observed, with tropical forest soils exhibiting high Q<sub>10</sub> values and relatively low Q<sub>10</sub> in temperate forest soils. This variation is attributed to the inherent differences in N biogeochemical cycling behavior between the microbial communities among sites. Despite soil temperature primarily controls the N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions, we  explored the effects of other factors such as pH, C/N, DOC and related functional genes. In addition, we partitioned N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions to different microbial processes (e.g., denitrification, co-denitrification and anammox). The results indicated that denitrification was the main pathway of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> production under anaerobic environment and the contribution increased as temperature rise.</p><p>Key words: Temperature sensitivity, N<sub>2</sub>O, N<sub>2</sub>, Forest soil, Nitrogen cycle, Global warming, Denitrification</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Root Distribution on Preferential Flow in Deciduous and Coniferous Forest Soils

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziteng Luo ◽  
Jianzhi Niu ◽  
Baoyuan Xie ◽  
Linus Zhang ◽  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Rainfall Events

Root-induced channels are the primary controlling factors for rapid movement of water and solute in forest soils. To explore the effects of root distribution on preferential flow during rainfall events, deciduous (Quercus variabilis BI.) and coniferous forest (Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco) sites were selected to conduct dual-tracer experiments (Brilliant Blue FCF and Bromide [Br−]). Each plot (1.30 × 1.30 m) was divided into two subplots (0.65 × 1.30 m), and two rainfall simulations (40 mm, large rainfall and 70 mm, extreme rainfall) were conducted in these. Vertical soil profiles (1.00 m × 0.40 m) were excavated, and preferential flow path features were quantified based on digital image analysis. Root (fine and coarse) abundance and Br− concentration were investigated for each soil profile. In deciduous forest, accumulated roots in the upper soil layer induce larger lateral preferential flow as compared to the coniferous forest soil during large rainfall events. Compared with deciduous forest, coniferous forest soil, with higher (horizontal and vertical) spatial variability of preferential flow paths, promotes higher percolation and solute leaching to deeper soil layers during extreme rainfall events. Fine roots, accounting for a larger proportion of total roots (compared to coarse roots), facilitate preferential flow in the 0–40 cm forest soil layer. Overall, our results indicate that the root distribution pattern of different tree species can exert diverse effects on preferential flow in forest soils.

scholarly journals Vertical and seasonal dynamics of fungal communities in boreal Scots pine forest soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. fiw170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Santalahti ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Ari Jumpponen ◽  
Taina Pennanen ◽  
Jussi Heinonsalo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Forest Soil

scholarly journals Endrin, DDT and PCB’s in Finnish soils

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Jorma Rautapää ◽  
Arvo Myllymäki ◽  
Hilkka Siltanen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Chlorinated Compound

The highest endrin residue in 15 forest soil samples was 0.2 ppm, which is nearly twice the amount of endrin sprayed on the area in one treatment. In6analysed garden soils the maximum residue was 0.13 ppm, which is equivalent to one treatment. In general, endrin had not significantly accumulated in these soils, even after many years of use. The endrin residues did not correlate with the quantities used or the type of soil. DDT or its metabolites were discovered only from two forest areas and one garden area. The highest residue was 0.02 ppm. PCB’s with low chlorine content (42 % of Cl) were not found, but a high-chlorinated compound (60 % of Cl) was discovered from six forest soils, the highest residue being 0.1 ppm

scholarly journals Microbial community structure and nutrient dynamics in forest soils colonized by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Aira ◽  
Andrea Tato ◽  
Jorge Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Bracken Fern ◽  
Soil Microbial

Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) is one of the most successful plant colonizers of soils in temperate regions; however, its effects on microbial community structure and activity and nutrient dynamics remain poorly understood. We studied whether colonization of forest soil by bracken fern modifies the structure and function of the soil microbial communities and considered the implications for ecosystem functioning. For this purpose, we analyzed microbial community structure (PLFAs) and activity (basal respiration, metabolic quotient), litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics (C, N and P) in monospecific oak (Quercus robur L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) and maritime pine forests (Pinus pinaster Aiton) colonized by bracken fern. Colonization of forest soil by bracken fern led to a reduction in differences in microbial community structure, as revealed by principal component and cluster analysis, although samples from oak forests were grouped separately. According to this, bracken litter decomposed to a greater extent than native tree litter in pine forest soils, whereas the opposite was found in oak forest soils. Such differences were not observed in eucalyptus forest soils. Colonization by bracken fern affected C mineralization, with no difference between the different types of forest; however, both N and P mineralization were higher in oak than in the other types of forest. In conclusion, colonization by bracken fern homogenizes soil microbial community structure. Differences in the decomposability of bracken litter in the different forest systems suggest a high degree of metabolic specialization of soil microorganisms. Thus, the soil microorganisms associated with bracken are continuously driven to decompose the bracken litter. In the long-term this will alter nutrient cycling, slowing decomposition and enhancing sequestering of nutrients by bracken ferns.

Greenhouse gas fluxes from boreal forest soils during the snow-free period in Quebec, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Rebeccah Frasier ◽  
Luc Pelletier ◽  
Tim R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Soil N Mineralization ◽  
Aspen Forest

This paper presents soil fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from 12 sites located in four major forest types, black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.), aspen ( Populus spp.), and alder ( Alnus spp.) stands, in the Eastmain and Chibougamau regions of Quebec. Fluxes were determined with closed chambers during the snow-free period from May to October 2007. Well-drained black spruce, jack pine, and aspen forest soils were net sinks of atmospheric CH4 (–0.33 ± 0.11 mg·m–2·day–1), while alder-dominated wetland soils were sources of CH4 (0.45 ± 0.12 mg·m–2·day–1). The cut-over alder wetland soil produced 131 times more CH4 than the undisturbed wetland soil. Soil moisture and temperature mainly regulated CH4 fluxes. N2O fluxes from these forest soils were highly variable and smaller (1.6 ± 0.33 µg N·m–2·h–1) than those from deciduous forest soils. N2O emission from the cut-over black spruce forest soil was 2.7 times greater than that from the mature black spruce forest soil. Large C/N ratios (27 to 78) and slow soil N mineralization and nitrification rates in these forest soils may have led to small N2O fluxes. CO2 emissions from these forest soils, ranging from 0.20 to 2.7 g·m–2·day–1, were mainly controlled by soil temperature.

scholarly journals Isolasi Bakteri Termofilik dari Tanah Hutan Mangrove

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Fidhia Rara Lande ◽  
Wahyu Widayat ◽  
Yurika Sastyarina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining

Mangrove forest soil is a habitat and source of diversity of microorganisms, including thermophilic bacteria. The utilization of thermophilic bacteria has been carried out in the pharmaceutical field, especially as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical products. This study aims to provide an overview of the population of thermophilic bacteria found in mangrove forest soils. Soil samples were obtained by random stratification with a depth of 5-10 cm at 9 points from 3 strata. The isolation media used were Starch Casein Agar (SCA), and the groups of bacteria determined by using the Gram staining method. The selected thermophilic bacteria from mangrove forest soil totaling 64 isolates consisted of Gram-negative that divides into 20 bacilli, 9 cocci, 6 vibrios, and Gram-positive consisted of 26 bacilli, 3 cocci. The highest population of thermophilic bacteria from mangrove forest soils was Gram-negative as many as 35 isolates.

scholarly journals Yeasts dominate soil fungal communities in three lowland Neotropical rainforests

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Dunthorn ◽  
Håvard Kauserud ◽  
David Bass ◽  
Jordan Mayor ◽  
Frédéric Mahé
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern

ABSTRACTForest soils typically harbour a vast diversity of fungi, but are usually dominated by filamentous (hyphae-forming) taxa. Compared to temperate and boreal forests, though, we have limited knowledge about the fungal diversity in tropical rainforest soils. Here we show, by environmental metabarcoding of soil samples collected in three Neotropical rainforests, that Yeasts dominate the fungal communities in terms of the number of sequencing reads and OTUs. These unicellular forms are commonly found in aquatic environments, and their hyperdiversity may be the result of frequent inundation combined with numerous aquatic microenvironments in these rainforests. Other fungi that are frequent in aquatic environments, such as the abundant Chytridiomycotina, were also detected. While there was low similarity in OTU composition within and between the three rainforests, the fungal communities in Central America were more similar to each other than the communities in South America, reflecting a general biogeographic pattern also seen in animals, plants, and [email protected]

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