Isolasi Bakteri Termofilik dari Tanah Hutan Mangrove

Mangrove forest soil is a habitat and source of diversity of microorganisms, including thermophilic bacteria. The utilization of thermophilic bacteria has been carried out in the pharmaceutical field, especially as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical products. This study aims to provide an overview of the population of thermophilic bacteria found in mangrove forest soils. Soil samples were obtained by random stratification with a depth of 5-10 cm at 9 points from 3 strata. The isolation media used were Starch Casein Agar (SCA), and the groups of bacteria determined by using the Gram staining method. The selected thermophilic bacteria from mangrove forest soil totaling 64 isolates consisted of Gram-negative that divides into 20 bacilli, 9 cocci, 6 vibrios, and Gram-positive consisted of 26 bacilli, 3 cocci. The highest population of thermophilic bacteria from mangrove forest soils was Gram-negative as many as 35 isolates.

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Soil acidity and mobile aluminum status in pseudogley soils in Cacak-Kraljevo basin

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc110629201d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 833-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ivica Djalovic ◽

Djordje Jockovic ◽

Goran Dugalic ◽

Goran Bekavac ◽

Bozana Purar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Arable Land ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Mean Values ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

The Mean

Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are considered most damaging soil conditions affecting the growth of most crops. This paper reviews the results of tests of pH, exchangeable acidity and mobile aluminum (Al) concentration in profiles of pseudogley soils from Cacak-Kraljevo basin. For that purpose, 102 soil pits were dug in 2009 in several sites around Cacak- Kraljevo basin. The tests encompassed 54 field, 28 meadow, and 20 forest soil samples. Samples of soil in the disturbed state were taken from the Ah and Eg horizons (102 samples), from the B1tg horizon in 39 field, 24 meadow and 15 forest pits (a total of 78 samples) and from the B2tg horizon in 14 field, 11 meadow, and 4 forest pits (a total of 29 samples). Mean pH values (1M KCl) of the tested soil profiles were 4.28, 3.90 and 3.80 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. Soil pH of forest samples was lower than those in meadow and arable land samples (mean values of 4.06, 3.97 and 3.85 for arable land, meadow and forest samples, respectively). Soil acidification was especially intensive in deep horizons, as 27% (Ah), 77% (Eg) and 87% (B1tg) soil samples had the pH value below 4.0. Mean values of total exchangeable acidity (TEA) were 1.55, 2.33 and 3.40 meq 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. The TEA values in forest soils were considerably higher (3.39 meq 100 g-1) than those in arable soils and meadow soils (1.96 and 1.93, respectively). Mean mobile Al contents of tested soil samples were 11.02, 19.58 and 28.33 mg Al 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. According to the pH and TEA values, mobile Al was considerably higher in the forest soils (the mean value of 26.08 mg Al 100 g-1) than in the arable soils and meadow soils (the mean values of 16.85 and 16.00 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). The Eg and B1tg horizons of the forest soil had especially high mobile Al contents (the mean values of 28.50 and 32.95 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). High levels of mobile Al were especially frequent in the forest soils, with 35% (Ah), 85.0% (Eg) and 93.3% (B1tg) of the tested samples ranging above 10 mg Al 100 g-1.

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Response of N2O and N2 Emissions in Forest Soils to Temperature Change across China

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12706 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haoming Yu ◽

Yunting Fang ◽

Ronghua Kang

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Temperature Change ◽

Temperature Sensitivity ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

N Cycle

N2O and N2 Emissions from soil in terrestrial ecosystems is a crucial component of the global nitrogen (N) cycle. The response of these two gases emissions from forest soil to temperature change and its underlying mechanisms are essential for predicting N cycle to global warming. Despite the warming-induced effects on soil N cycle is considered to be positive in general, our understanding of temperature sensitivity (Q10) of N2O and N2 emissions is rather limited. We quantified the Q10 of N2O and N2 emissions in forest soils and explored their major driving factors by conducting an incubation experiment using 15N tracer (Na15NO3) with soil samples from nineteen forest sites from temperate to tropical zones. The environmental conditions largely varied: mean annual temperature (MAT) ranging from -5.4 to 21.5oC and mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranging from 300 to 2449 mm. The soil pH varied between 3.62 to 6.38. We incubated soil samples under an anaerobic condition with temperature from 5 to 35oC with an interval of 5oC for 12 or 24 hours, respectively. Soil temperature strongly affected the production of N2O and N2.&#160;N2O and N2 production rates showed a positive exponential relation with incubate time and temperature for all forest soils. Our results showed that the Q10 values ranged from 1.31 to 2.98 for N2O emission and 1.69 to 3.83 for N2 emission, indicating a generally positive feedback of N2O and N2 production to warming. Higher Q10 values for N2 than N2O implies that N2 emission is more sensitive to temperature increase. The N2O/(N2O+N2) decreased with increasing temperature in fifteen of nineteen forest soils, suggesting that warming accelerates N2 emission. Strong spatial variation in Q10 were also observed, with tropical forest soils exhibiting high Q10 values and relatively low Q10 in temperate forest soils. This variation is attributed to the inherent differences in N biogeochemical cycling behavior between the microbial communities among sites. Despite soil temperature primarily controls the N2O and N2 emissions,&#160;we &#160;explored the effects of other factors such as pH, C/N, DOC and related functional genes. In addition, we partitioned N2O and N2 emissions to different microbial processes (e.g., denitrification, co-denitrification and anammox).&#160;The results indicated that denitrification was the main pathway of N2O and N2 production under anaerobic environment and the contribution increased as temperature rise.Key words: Temperature sensitivity, N2O, N2, Forest soil, Nitrogen cycle, Global warming, Denitrification

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A Novel Improved Gram Staining Method Based on the Capillary Tube

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2020-043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 503-508

Author(s):

KONG-YANG WU ◽

TONG-XIANG YANG

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Study ◽

Staining Method ◽

Capillary Tube ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Improved Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Capillary Tubes ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Staining Methods

In this work, an exploratory study was conducted to examine Gram staining based on the capillary tube. Each Gram staining step for all bacterial strains tested was completed in capillary tubes. The results showed that different Gram staining morphologies were clearly visible in the capillary tubes. The results presented here demonstrated that the improved method could effectively distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and only small volumes of reagents were required in this method. Collectively, this efficient method could rapidly and accurately identify the types of bacteria. Therefore, our findings could be used as a useful reference study for other staining methods.

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Endrin, DDT and PCB’s in Finnish soils

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.71912 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 181-186

Author(s):

Jorma Rautapää ◽

Arvo Myllymäki ◽

Hilkka Siltanen

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Chlorine Content ◽

Chlorinated Compound

The highest endrin residue in 15 forest soil samples was 0.2 ppm, which is nearly twice the amount of endrin sprayed on the area in one treatment. In6analysed garden soils the maximum residue was 0.13 ppm, which is equivalent to one treatment. In general, endrin had not significantly accumulated in these soils, even after many years of use. The endrin residues did not correlate with the quantities used or the type of soil. DDT or its metabolites were discovered only from two forest areas and one garden area. The highest residue was 0.02 ppm. PCB’s with low chlorine content (42 % of Cl) were not found, but a high-chlorinated compound (60 % of Cl) was discovered from six forest soils, the highest residue being 0.1 ppm

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Microfungal community structure from forest soils in southern Quebec, using discriminant function and factor analysis

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b86-192 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (7) ◽

pp. 1402-1412 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Paul Widden

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Community Structure ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Fungal Isolation ◽

Pine Forest Soil

Fungal isolation data, from four forest soils, were analyzed using both discriminant analysis and factor analysis, to investigate the structure of fungal communities. The analyses indicated that the forest of origin was a major factor determining fungal community structure in these soils. Discriminant analysis separated the fungal communities of coniferous-forest soil samples from those of deciduous-forest soil samples. The pine-forest soil, which was in an early stage of invasion by hardwoods, had a fungal community intermediate in structure between the extremes. Of the microfungi isolated, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Farrowia seminuda, Geomyces pannorus, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium janthinellum, Trichoderma polysporum, and Zygorrhynchus moelleri were associated with the coniferous sites, whereas an Acremonium species, Gliomastix murorum, Paecilomyces carneus, Pae. fumosoroseus, Penicillium spinulosum, and Pen. thomii characterized the deciduous-forest soils. Many pine-forest soil fungi were species abundant in the other soils, a possible reflection of the successional stage of the forest. Both factor analysis and discriminant analysis yielded similar interpretations of the data and indicated the importance of fungal interactions in determining community structure. The discriminant analyses also showed that fungal isolation data gave a better separation between the soils of the four forests than did abiotic data.

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Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100147089 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 248-249

Author(s):

Jacob S. Hanker ◽

Dale N. Holdren ◽

Kenneth L. Cohen ◽

Beverly L. Giammara

Keyword(s):

Contact Lenses ◽

Ocular Infection ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Ocular Infections ◽

Different Types ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

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Identifying Hidden Viable Bacterial Taxa in Tropical Forest Soils Using Amplicon Sequencing of Enrichment Cultures

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 569

Author(s):

Chakriya Sansupa ◽

Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan ◽

Terd Disayathanoowat ◽

Witoon Purahong

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Culture Media ◽

Enrichment Culture ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Enrichment Cultures ◽

Total Community

This study aims to estimate the proportion and diversity of soil bacteria derived from eDNA-based and culture-based methods. Specifically, we used Illumina Miseq to sequence and characterize the bacterial communities from (i) DNA extracted directly from forest soil and (ii) DNA extracted from a mixture of bacterial colonies obtained by enrichment cultures on agar plates of the same forest soil samples. The amplicon sequencing of enrichment cultures allowed us to rapidly screen a culturable community in an environmental sample. In comparison with an eDNA community (based on a 97% sequence similarity threshold), the fact that enrichment cultures could capture both rare and abundant bacterial taxa in forest soil samples was demonstrated. Enrichment culture and eDNA communities shared 2% of OTUs detected in total community, whereas 88% of enrichment cultures community (15% of total community) could not be detected by eDNA. The enrichment culture-based methods observed 17% of the bacteria in total community. FAPROTAX functional prediction showed that the rare and unique taxa, which were detected with the enrichment cultures, have potential to perform important functions in soil systems. We suggest that enrichment culture-based amplicon sequencing could be a beneficial approach to evaluate a cultured bacterial community. Combining this approach together with the eDNA method could provide more comprehensive information of a bacterial community. We expected that more unique cultured taxa could be detected if further studies used both selective and non-selective culture media to enrich bacteria at the first step.

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Carbon forms and functions in forest soil. papers from the eighth North American forest soils conferences

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/0016-7061(96)00013-4 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 71 (3-4) ◽

pp. 304-305

Author(s):

M.M. Wander

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Forest Soils ◽

North American

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Palm Olein as Renewable Raw Materials for Industrial and Pharmaceutical Products Applications: Chemical Characterization and Physicochemical Properties Studies

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2014/134063 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Darfizzi Derawi ◽

Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah ◽

Hasniza Zaman Huri ◽

Rahimi M. Yusop ◽

Jumat Salimon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Modification ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Modification Process

Palm olein (POo) is widely produced as edible oil in tropical countries. POois considered as renewable raw material for the new industrial and pharmaceutical products synthesis based on its characterization. Palm olein was good on its viscosity index, oxidative stability, and flash and fire point. POocontained unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs): POO (33.3%); POP (29.6%) which plays an important role in chemical modification process to produce new industrial products. The double bond was detected on1H-NMR (5.3 ppm) and13C-NMR (130 ppm) spectra. The chemical compositions of POowere tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. This unsaturated oil is potentially to be used as renewable raw materials in chemical modification process to synthesise polyols, polyurethane, and biolubricant for industrial and pharmaceutical products application.

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