scholarly journals Endrin, DDT and PCB’s in Finnish soils

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Jorma Rautapää ◽  
Arvo Myllymäki ◽  
Hilkka Siltanen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chlorine Content ◽  
Chlorinated Compound

The highest endrin residue in 15 forest soil samples was 0.2 ppm, which is nearly twice the amount of endrin sprayed on the area in one treatment. In6analysed garden soils the maximum residue was 0.13 ppm, which is equivalent to one treatment. In general, endrin had not significantly accumulated in these soils, even after many years of use. The endrin residues did not correlate with the quantities used or the type of soil. DDT or its metabolites were discovered only from two forest areas and one garden area. The highest residue was 0.02 ppm. PCB’s with low chlorine content (42 % of Cl) were not found, but a high-chlorinated compound (60 % of Cl) was discovered from six forest soils, the highest residue being 0.1 ppm

scholarly journals Soil acidity and mobile aluminum status in pseudogley soils in Cacak-Kraljevo basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
Djordje Jockovic ◽  
Goran Dugalic ◽  
Goran Bekavac ◽  
Bozana Purar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
The Mean

Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are considered most damaging soil conditions affecting the growth of most crops. This paper reviews the results of tests of pH, exchangeable acidity and mobile aluminum (Al) concentration in profiles of pseudogley soils from Cacak-Kraljevo basin. For that purpose, 102 soil pits were dug in 2009 in several sites around Cacak- Kraljevo basin. The tests encompassed 54 field, 28 meadow, and 20 forest soil samples. Samples of soil in the disturbed state were taken from the Ah and Eg horizons (102 samples), from the B1tg horizon in 39 field, 24 meadow and 15 forest pits (a total of 78 samples) and from the B2tg horizon in 14 field, 11 meadow, and 4 forest pits (a total of 29 samples). Mean pH values (1M KCl) of the tested soil profiles were 4.28, 3.90 and 3.80 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. Soil pH of forest samples was lower than those in meadow and arable land samples (mean values of 4.06, 3.97 and 3.85 for arable land, meadow and forest samples, respectively). Soil acidification was especially intensive in deep horizons, as 27% (Ah), 77% (Eg) and 87% (B1tg) soil samples had the pH value below 4.0. Mean values of total exchangeable acidity (TEA) were 1.55, 2.33 and 3.40 meq 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. The TEA values in forest soils were considerably higher (3.39 meq 100 g-1) than those in arable soils and meadow soils (1.96 and 1.93, respectively). Mean mobile Al contents of tested soil samples were 11.02, 19.58 and 28.33 mg Al 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. According to the pH and TEA values, mobile Al was considerably higher in the forest soils (the mean value of 26.08 mg Al 100 g-1) than in the arable soils and meadow soils (the mean values of 16.85 and 16.00 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). The Eg and B1tg horizons of the forest soil had especially high mobile Al contents (the mean values of 28.50 and 32.95 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). High levels of mobile Al were especially frequent in the forest soils, with 35% (Ah), 85.0% (Eg) and 93.3% (B1tg) of the tested samples ranging above 10 mg Al 100 g-1.

Response of N2O and N2 Emissions in Forest Soils to Temperature Change across China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoming Yu ◽  
Yunting Fang ◽  
Ronghua Kang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
N Cycle

<p>N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> Emissions from soil in terrestrial ecosystems is a crucial component of the global nitrogen (N) cycle. The response of these two gases emissions from forest soil to temperature change and its underlying mechanisms are essential for predicting N cycle to global warming. Despite the warming-induced effects on soil N cycle is considered to be positive in general, our understanding of temperature sensitivity (Q<sub>10</sub>) of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions is rather limited. We quantified the Q<sub>10</sub> of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions in forest soils and explored their major driving factors by conducting an incubation experiment using <sup>15</sup>N tracer (Na<sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub>) with soil samples from nineteen forest sites from temperate to tropical zones. The environmental conditions largely varied: mean annual temperature (MAT) ranging from -5.4 to 21.5<sup>o</sup>C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranging from 300 to 2449 mm. The soil pH varied between 3.62 to 6.38. We incubated soil samples under an anaerobic condition with temperature from 5 to 35<sup>o</sup>C with an interval of 5<sup>o</sup>C for 12 or 24 hours, respectively. Soil temperature strongly affected the production of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub>. N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> production rates showed a positive exponential relation with incubate time and temperature for all forest soils. Our results showed that the Q<sub>10</sub> values ranged from 1.31 to 2.98 for N<sub>2</sub>O emission and 1.69 to 3.83 for N<sub>2</sub> emission, indicating a generally positive feedback of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> production to warming. Higher Q<sub>10</sub> values for N<sub>2</sub> than N<sub>2</sub>O implies that N<sub>2</sub> emission is more sensitive to temperature increase. The N<sub>2</sub>O/(N<sub>2</sub>O+N<sub>2</sub>) decreased with increasing temperature in fifteen of nineteen forest soils, suggesting that warming accelerates N<sub>2</sub> emission. Strong spatial variation in Q<sub>10</sub> were also observed, with tropical forest soils exhibiting high Q<sub>10</sub> values and relatively low Q<sub>10</sub> in temperate forest soils. This variation is attributed to the inherent differences in N biogeochemical cycling behavior between the microbial communities among sites. Despite soil temperature primarily controls the N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions, we  explored the effects of other factors such as pH, C/N, DOC and related functional genes. In addition, we partitioned N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> emissions to different microbial processes (e.g., denitrification, co-denitrification and anammox). The results indicated that denitrification was the main pathway of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> production under anaerobic environment and the contribution increased as temperature rise.</p><p>Key words: Temperature sensitivity, N<sub>2</sub>O, N<sub>2</sub>, Forest soil, Nitrogen cycle, Global warming, Denitrification</p>

scholarly journals Isolasi Bakteri Termofilik dari Tanah Hutan Mangrove

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Fidhia Rara Lande ◽  
Wahyu Widayat ◽  
Yurika Sastyarina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining

Mangrove forest soil is a habitat and source of diversity of microorganisms, including thermophilic bacteria. The utilization of thermophilic bacteria has been carried out in the pharmaceutical field, especially as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical products. This study aims to provide an overview of the population of thermophilic bacteria found in mangrove forest soils. Soil samples were obtained by random stratification with a depth of 5-10 cm at 9 points from 3 strata. The isolation media used were Starch Casein Agar (SCA), and the groups of bacteria determined by using the Gram staining method. The selected thermophilic bacteria from mangrove forest soil totaling 64 isolates consisted of Gram-negative that divides into 20 bacilli, 9 cocci, 6 vibrios, and Gram-positive consisted of 26 bacilli, 3 cocci. The highest population of thermophilic bacteria from mangrove forest soils was Gram-negative as many as 35 isolates.

Microfungal community structure from forest soils in southern Quebec, using discriminant function and factor analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Widden
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Pine Forest Soil

Fungal isolation data, from four forest soils, were analyzed using both discriminant analysis and factor analysis, to investigate the structure of fungal communities. The analyses indicated that the forest of origin was a major factor determining fungal community structure in these soils. Discriminant analysis separated the fungal communities of coniferous-forest soil samples from those of deciduous-forest soil samples. The pine-forest soil, which was in an early stage of invasion by hardwoods, had a fungal community intermediate in structure between the extremes. Of the microfungi isolated, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Farrowia seminuda, Geomyces pannorus, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium janthinellum, Trichoderma polysporum, and Zygorrhynchus moelleri were associated with the coniferous sites, whereas an Acremonium species, Gliomastix murorum, Paecilomyces carneus, Pae. fumosoroseus, Penicillium spinulosum, and Pen. thomii characterized the deciduous-forest soils. Many pine-forest soil fungi were species abundant in the other soils, a possible reflection of the successional stage of the forest. Both factor analysis and discriminant analysis yielded similar interpretations of the data and indicated the importance of fungal interactions in determining community structure. The discriminant analyses also showed that fungal isolation data gave a better separation between the soils of the four forests than did abiotic data.

scholarly journals Identifying Hidden Viable Bacterial Taxa in Tropical Forest Soils Using Amplicon Sequencing of Enrichment Cultures

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Chakriya Sansupa ◽  
Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan ◽  
Terd Disayathanoowat ◽  
Witoon Purahong
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Total Community

This study aims to estimate the proportion and diversity of soil bacteria derived from eDNA-based and culture-based methods. Specifically, we used Illumina Miseq to sequence and characterize the bacterial communities from (i) DNA extracted directly from forest soil and (ii) DNA extracted from a mixture of bacterial colonies obtained by enrichment cultures on agar plates of the same forest soil samples. The amplicon sequencing of enrichment cultures allowed us to rapidly screen a culturable community in an environmental sample. In comparison with an eDNA community (based on a 97% sequence similarity threshold), the fact that enrichment cultures could capture both rare and abundant bacterial taxa in forest soil samples was demonstrated. Enrichment culture and eDNA communities shared 2% of OTUs detected in total community, whereas 88% of enrichment cultures community (15% of total community) could not be detected by eDNA. The enrichment culture-based methods observed 17% of the bacteria in total community. FAPROTAX functional prediction showed that the rare and unique taxa, which were detected with the enrichment cultures, have potential to perform important functions in soil systems. We suggest that enrichment culture-based amplicon sequencing could be a beneficial approach to evaluate a cultured bacterial community. Combining this approach together with the eDNA method could provide more comprehensive information of a bacterial community. We expected that more unique cultured taxa could be detected if further studies used both selective and non-selective culture media to enrich bacteria at the first step.

Sorption of cesium in young till soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merja Lusa ◽  
Janne Lempinen ◽  
Hanna Ahola ◽  
Mervi Söderlund ◽  
Anne-Maj Lahdenperä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

AbstractSoil samples from three forest soil pits were examined down to a depth of approximately three metres using 1 M ammonium acetate extraction and microwave-assisted extraction with concentrated nitric acid (HNO

scholarly journals Methods for the Assessment of Humic Substances Quality in Forest Soils  

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Mládková Lenka ◽  
Borůvka Marcela Rohošková and Luboš
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Drift Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
C And N ◽  
Drift Spectra ◽  
Humus Quality

This paper is focused on soil organic matter quality assessment in acid forest soils. Soil samples were collected in the Jizera Mountains region. Vegetation cover of sampling sites was formed by spruce or beech monocultures. Humus quality was assessed by the ratio of absorbances of pyrophosphate soil extract at the wavelengths of 400 and 600 nm (A400/A600). Humus fractionation was performed on selected soil samples. DRIFT spectra of individual fractions were measured. Higher pH and lower C and N contents were found in beech forest than in spruce forest. A400/A600 well correlates with C and N contents (r = 0.510*** and 0.615***, respectively). C and N content increases as to humus quality decreases. DRIFT spectra of fulvic acids turned out to be unsuitable for describing differences in humus quality. DRIFT spectra of humic acids and humin were hence more suitable. The difference between spruce and beech forest was found in 1514.cm–1 (C=C bounds of benzene rings) and 1550 cm–1 (N-H bounds in monosubstituted amides) bands intensities. Humic acids and humin coming from the O horizons of beech forest are relatively enriched by nitrogen functional groups. Values of humic acids aromaticity index did not differ between beech and spruce forests. DRIFT spectroscopy was shown as a possible method for detailed humus quality studying.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document