Evaluating the impact of new congestion charging scheme using smartphone-based data: a spatial change detection study

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115
Author(s):  
Afshin Shariat Mohaymany ◽  
Matin Shahri
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Image Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Congestion Charging

Traffic congestion in urban areas is a challenging issue in transportation planning. Policy options have been proposed to evaluate the impacts of interventional action through change detection or before–after studies. In this research, low-cost traffic image data collected by smartphone-based application have been employed and the impact of new congestion charging scheme (CCS) upon congestion within congestion charging zone (CCZ) as well as the entire network in Tehran, the capital of Iran has been investigated. Applying statistical tests indicated the significance of change in congestion within CCZ by applying the new CCS. Differential Moran’s I as spatial autocorrelation index specified the spatial patterns of congestion between the critical time of changing the scheme on weekdays (17:00–19:00) and weekend (6:00–13:00) after implementing the new CCS. The approach in this paper can be used with a low-cost appropriate instrument to monitor the probable change in traffic congestion by introducing any new scheme or sudden change.

scholarly journals Impact Assessing of Traffic Lights via GPS Vehicle Trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Zhuhua Liao ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
Silin Liu ◽  
Yizhi Liu ◽  
Aiping Yi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Vehicle Trajectories ◽  
Gps Trajectories ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Auc Value ◽  
Travel Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The adaptability of traffic lights in the control of vehicle traffic heavily affects the trafficability of vehicles and the travel efficiency of traffic participants in busy urban areas. Existing studies mainly have focused on the presence of traffic lights, but rarely evaluate the impact of traffic lights by analyzing traffic data, thus there is no solution for practicably and precisely self-regulating traffic lights. To address these issues, we propose a low-cost and fast traffic signal detection and impact assessment framework, which detects traffic lights from GPS trajectories and intersection features in a supervised way, and analyzes the impact range and time of traffic lights from intersection track data segments. The experimental results show that our approach gains the best AUC value of 0.95 under the ROC standard classification and indicates that the impact pattern of traffic lights at intersections is high related to the travel rule of traffic participants.

scholarly journals The Impact of Home Gardening amidst Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Froilan D. Mobo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

Today’s climate is unpredictable there are so many natural calamities which took place in our country which is the Philippines, two weeks ago because of the sudden changes of the weather in the Province of Zambales, the Philippines a strong tornado hits the town of Castillejos, Zambales which some of the electrical wirings were severely damaged because of the sudden change of the climate. The researcher is thinking of implementing a home gardening to each Municipality in our Province. By doing this it can help lessen the pollution in the air and it will help heal our Ozone Layer faster. The empirical evidence for the benefits of gardening and the advocate of the development and testing of socio-ecological models of community resilience through the impact of community gardens, especially in urban areas is highly effective(Okvat & Zautra, 2011). As lessening the air pollution will have a greater impact on our Ozone Layer no to deplete but it will heal the would faster. The present study revealed that local experiences in the face of climate change adaptation have merits that need special consideration(Anik & Khan, 2012). Also, the Researcher will implement this project in the Municipality of Subic, Zambales.

scholarly journals Use of Automated Change Detection and VGI Sources for Identifying and Validating Urban Land Use Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Olteanu-Raimond ◽  
L. See ◽  
M. Schultz ◽  
G. Foody ◽  
M. Riffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is often undertaken by national mapping agencies, where these LULC products are used for different types of monitoring and reporting applications. Updating of LULC databases is often done on a multi-year cycle due to the high costs involved, so changes are only detected when mapping exercises are repeated. Consequently, the information on LULC can quickly become outdated and hence may be incorrect in some areas. In the current era of big data and Earth observation, change detection algorithms can be used to identify changes in urban areas, which can then be used to automatically update LULC databases on a more continuous basis. However, the change detection algorithm must be validated before the changes can be committed to authoritative databases such as those produced by national mapping agencies. This paper outlines a change detection algorithm for identifying construction sites, which represent ongoing changes in LU, developed in the framework of the LandSense project. We then use volunteered geographic information (VGI) captured through the use of mapathons from a range of different groups of contributors to validate these changes. In total, 105 contributors were involved in the mapathons, producing a total of 2778 observations. The 105 contributors were grouped according to six different user-profiles and were analyzed to understand the impact of the experience of the users on the accuracy assessment. Overall, the results show that the change detection algorithm is able to identify changes in residential land use to an adequate level of accuracy (85%) but changes in infrastructure and industrial sites had lower accuracies (57% and 75 %, respectively), requiring further improvements. In terms of user profiles, the experts in LULC from local authorities, researchers in LULC at the French national mapping agency (IGN), and first-year students with a basic knowledge of geographic information systems had the highest overall accuracies (86.2%, 93.2%, and 85.2%, respectively). Differences in how the users approach the task also emerged, e.g., local authorities used knowledge and context to try to identify types of change while those with no knowledge of LULC (i.e., normal citizens) were quicker to choose ‘Unknown’ when the visual interpretation of a class was more difficult.

Adsorption of Crude Oil Using Meshed Groundnut Husk

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlington Bon Nwokoma ◽  
Uchenna Anene
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Impact

There is an increasing awareness of the impact of spilled crude oil and its refined products on human health and environment. The potential of using groundnut husk, agro-based waste, which is not only ubiquitous but indiscriminately littered around Nigerian urban areas, as an adsorbent in removal of oil spilled on water was investigated. Groundnut shell, a waste generated in local vegetable oil processing plants, has been converted into a low cost adsorbent. The groundnut husk was treated and meshed to adsorb crude oil from water at various experimental conditions. Investigations include the effects of sorbent dosage, particle size, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of crude oil. Meshed groundnut shell, especially less than 150 µm, exhibited high affinity for oil adsorption with time. The optimum adsorption temperature range lies between 25 – 45°C. The adsorption data indicates that a pseudo-second-order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics and the correlation coefficient of 0.9985 indicates that the sorption process is dominated by adsorption process. The results demonstrate that crude oil removal by adsorption onto this abundantly available low cost and readily biodegradable material is feasible. With high affinity for oil and low water pick up, meshed groundnut shell adsorbent could be said to be oleophilic or hydrophobic.

DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN PARIWISATA MINAT KHUSUS SNORKELING TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN: KASUS DESTINASI WISATA KARIMUNJAWA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Sabda Elisa Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
The Impact

The study will analyze the impact of tourism by the type of special interest tourism to the environment. Impact on the coast and islands, the impact on vegetation, the impact wildlife, and the impact on urban areas and rural areas. Positive impact on the coast and the island is the effort for preservation and conservation of coral reefs, reef fish, giant clams and turtles, and encouraged to make environmentallyfriendly tourism activities. The negative impact is a damage to coral reefs from snorkeling activities, and the loss of traditional land allotment to the beach. The positive impact on vegetation is their attempt to biodiversity and conservation of vegetation typical of Publications, and reforestation activities is to replant mangrove. Negative impacts on vegetation is illegal logging and the clearing of trees to increase tourist attraction as supporters of the main activities. commercialization of the plant for souvenirs. Positive impact on wildlife is their conservation, preservation, and biodiversity, the breeding of animals and relocating the animals to their natural habitat. The negative impact is going hunting animals as souvenirs and tourist consumption, harassment of wildlife photography, animal exploitation for pertujukan, changes in animal instincts, and the migration of animals. Positive impact on urban areas and rural areas is happening arrangement karimunjawa towns and villages, and their empowerment. The negative impact of pressure on the land for the opening of a new tourist attraction, there are exchange in the function of residential land into commercial land, and the occurrence of traffic congestion, noise pollution, air pollution, and pollution aesthetics.  Keywords: Environmental Impact, Tourism, Snorkeling

scholarly journals Impact of sociodemographic factors on the consumption of tubers in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Horodyska ◽  
Sandrine Pigat ◽  
Jasmin Wonik ◽  
Foteini Bompola ◽  
David Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although tubers play a significant role in Brazilian agriculture, very little is known about the intake of tubers among the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to characterize the intake of tubers across Brazil. The types of tubers consumed were quantified, and the impact of geographic and sociodemographic factors was assessed. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on dietary intake data of 33,504 subjects obtained from the Brazilian National Dietary Survey. All tuber containing foods were identified, and the contribution of different tubers to overall tuber consumption in Brazil was quantified. Descriptive analyses assessed the impact of macroregion and sociodemographic characteristics on tuber consumption, and differences in intake were assessed using statistical tests. Lastly, the dietary intakes of tuber consumers and non-consumers were compared after adjusting for energy and covariates to determine if there were any major differences in dietary intakes between the two groups. Results Fifty-five percent of the Brazilian population consumed tubers, which differed by macroregion. The intake of tubers among consumers also differed between macroregions. Overall, rural areas reported significantly higher mean daily intakes of tubers (122 g/day) among tuber consumers than urban areas (95 g/day). Mandioca and potato were the most commonly consumed tubers (59 and 43% prevalence, respectively, on any of the 2 days), while the highest daily intakes amongst tuber consumers across Brazil were noted for sweet potato (156 g/day) and potato (95 g/day). On a macroregion level, among tuber consumers, mandioca had the highest prevalence of consumption in the North (94%), Northeast (83%), and Central-West (68%), while consumption of potatoes was most prevalent in the Southeast (63%) and South (62%). Compared to women, small but significantly higher tuber intakes were noted for males (108 vs. 85 g/day). There were no significant differences in intakes among income quintiles. After adjusting for energy and other covariates, nutrient intakes between tuber and non-tuber consumers were not meaningfully different, with the exception of sodium (+ 6.0% comparing non-tuber to tuber consumers), iron (+ 6.1%), zinc (+ 5.7%), vitamin C (+ 8.3%), riboflavin (+ 9.0%), and folate (+ 7.9%). Conclusions Tuber consumption is influenced by regional and sociodemographic characteristics of the Brazilian population. When looking at energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, diets of tuber consumers have resulted in somewhat lower intakes of some micronutrients, namely riboflavin, folate, vitamin C, iron, sodium, and zinc.

scholarly journals Measure particulate matter by yourself: data-quality monitoring in a citizen science project

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboubakr Benabbas ◽  
Martin Geißelbrecht ◽  
Gabriel Martin Nikol ◽  
Lukas Mahr ◽  
Daniel Nähr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The concern about air quality in urban areas and the impact of particulate matter (PM) on public health is turning into a big debate. A good solution to sensitize people to this issue is to involve them in the process of air quality monitoring. This paper presents contributions in the field of PM measurements using low-cost sensors. We show how a low-cost PM sensor can be extended to transfer data not only over Wi-Fi but also over the LoRa protocol. Then, we identify some of the correlations existing in the data through data analysis. Afterwards, we show how semantic technologies can help model and control sensor data quality in an increasing PM sensor network. We finally wrap up with a conclusion and plans for future work.

scholarly journals A Framework to Reduce Road Congestion by means of Data Analytics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-297
Author(s):  
Anosha Arooj Yousaf ◽  
Najia Saher ◽  
Faisal Shahzad ◽  
Sara Fareed
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Image Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Critical Traffic ◽  
Processing Techniques

The density of vehicles on the road especially in urban areas keeps on increasing to large amount day by day. Especially during the peak hours of the day, large amount of people wastes much of their time in traffic signals. Not only they waste energy by burning excess fuel and releasing CO2 emissions in the environment as well as their time and money. An idea has been proposed to monitor the traffic congestion by means of data analytics on image data and solve the critical traffic congestion issue. The CCTV or surveillance cameras installed at the top points on the roads acts as a medium to provide image data as an input to analyze road traffic congestion by counting the number of vehicles under specified interval of time. Monitoring of traffic congestion using image processing techniques is very useful for the future urban road planning such as: 1) if there is a need to make the road wider, 2) if there is a need to add more lanes on the road, 3) if there is need to make flyover or a bridge to control the traffic on the roads. It will help municipalities to structure and expansion of the roads.

scholarly journals ABM-GIS simulation for urban freight distribution of perishable food

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 00006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane El Raoui ◽  
Mustapha Oudani ◽  
Ahmed El Hilali Alaoui
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Impact

Freight transport is essential to modern urban civilization. No urban area could exist without a powerful freight transport system. However, the distribution of perishable foods in urban areas is seen as a source of problems, due to traffic congestion, time pressures, and environmental impact. In this paper, an Agent-Based Model integrated with Geographic Information Systems (ABM-GIS) is designed for a time-dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows. This simulation model consists of determining the quickest routes to transport fresh products, estimating Vehicle kilometer traveled VKT and vehicle hour traveled VHT where speeds and travel times depend on the time of the day. Based on a case study, analyses of changes on traffic condition were conducted to get an insight into the impact of these changes on cost, service quality represented by the respect of time windows, and carbon emissions. The results reveal that traffic jams and restrictive time windows lead to additional cost, cause delays, and increase co2 emission. As for a short-term planning, time-dependent scheduling algorithm was proposed and assessed while extending time windows. Results have proved the potential saving in cost, travel time, and carbon emission.

scholarly journals The Impact of Congestion Charging Technique on Traffic Flow and Atmospheric Pollution in Kuwait City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad AlRukaibi ◽  
◽  
Duaij AlRukaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz AlBurait ◽  
Ayedh Al-Mutairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Congestion Charging

Traffic congestion is a major problem in high populated cities, due to the frequent increase on travel demand and exponential vehicles growth. Resulting in increased vehicle queuing and slows road speed which can led to increase delays, air pollution, and fuel consumption. Poor traffic management in the congested spot result in elongated traffic jam. Therefore, this study aims to reduce traffic congestion by applying congestion charging system which is an effective method to regulate demand without increasing supply. Kuwait City network was selected to perform the system. Kuwait City is a vital city that has a lot of governmental and commercial facilities which make the city crowded especially during the peak hours. The current condition was analyzed in SYNCHRO simulation software in order to compare it with the improved condition to confirm the applicability. The genetic algorithm will be used as a practical method to apply congestion pricing in order to provide optimized solutions that will be analyzed in SYNCHRO software to examine the performance of the network. The impacts of applying congestion pricing system were remarkable. From traffic point of view, the demand was regulated, also total delays and fuel consumption were improved. The reduction of total delay is ranged between 24.4% to 40.58%, and the reduction of fuel used is ranged between 36.76% to 60.89%. From an economical point of view, the user cost decreased in a range between 27.77% and 43.75%. In addition, from an environmental aspect the emissions of HC, CO and NOx improved significantly which improved air quality.

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