From drought to deluge: spatiotemporal variation in migration routing, survival, travel time and floodplain use of an endangered migratory fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton J Hance ◽  
Russell W Perry ◽  
Adam C Pope ◽  
Arnold J Ammann ◽  
Jason L. Hassrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Intensively Managed

We developed a novel statistical model to relate the daily survival and migration dynamics of an endangered anadromous fish to river flow and water temperature during both extreme drought and severe flooding in an intensively managed river system. Our Bayesian temporally stratified multistate mark recapture model integrates over unobserved travel times and route transitions to efficiently estimate covariate relationships and includes an adjustment for telemetry tag battery failure. We applied the model to acoustic-tagged juvenile Sacramento river winter-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and found that survival decreased with decreasing river flows and increased water temperatures. We found that fish were likely to enter at a large floodplain during flood conditions and that survival in floodplain was comparable to the mainstem Sacramento river. Our study demonstrates the response of an endangered anadromous fish population to extreme spatial and temporal variability in habitat accessibility and quality. The general model framework we introduce here can be applied to telemetry of migratory fish through systems with multiple routes to efficiently estimate spatiotemporal variation in survival, travel time, and routing.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation of methane emissions in drained eutrophic peat agro-ecosystems: drainage ditches as emission hotspots

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1237-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Schrier-Uijl ◽  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
P. A. Leffelaar ◽  
J. C. van Huissteden ◽  
F. Berendse
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract. Our research investigates the spatial and temporal variability of methane (CH4) emissions in two drained eutrophic peat areas (one intensively managed and the other less intensively managed) and the correlation between CH4 emissions and soil temperature, air temperature, soil moisture content and water table. We stratified the landscape into landscape elements that represent different conditions in terms of topography and therefore differ in moisture conditions. There was great spatial variability in the fluxes in both areas; the ditches and ditch edges (together 27% of the landscape) were methane hotspots whereas the dry fields had the smallest fluxes. In the intensively managed site the fluxes were significantly higher by comparison with the less intensively managed site. In all the landscape element elements the best explanatory variable for CH4 emission was temperature. Neither soil moisture content nor water table correlated significantly with CH4 emissions, except in April, where soil moisture was the best explanatory variable.

scholarly journals Process-based model of fish incubation survival for designing reservoir operations: a case study for Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Anderson ◽  
W. Nicholas Beer ◽  
Joshua A. Israel ◽  
Sheila Greene
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
Reservoir Operations ◽  
Regulated Rivers ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Critical Window

AbstractAllocating reservoir flows to meet societal and ecosystem needs under increasing demands for water and increasing climatic variability presents challenges to resource managers. Often, regulated rivers have been operated to meet flow and temperature compliance points that mimic historical patterns. Because it is difficult to assess if this approach is efficient or equitable, new more process-based approaches to regulation are being advanced. This paper describes such an approach with a model of egg incubation survival of Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon (SRWRC, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Thermal mortality only occurs in a critical window around egg hatching when the embryo is most sensitive to temperature stress. The duration of the critical window has significant implications for Shasta Reservoir operations that are designed to control temperature during SRWRC incubation. Previous operations sought to maintain a low temperature over the entire incubation period. However, model analysis suggests that targeting cold water directly to the critical egg hatching stage provides higher survival while requiring less cold water resources. The calibrated model is publicly accessible through a web interface connected to real-time river and fish databases and a river temperature forecast model. The system is an example of the next step of river management that integrates databases with hydrological and process-based biological models for real-time analysis and for forecasting effects of river operations on the environment.

Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
River Temperature ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Face

<em>Abstract.</em>—Although many hydroelectric dams have fishways for upstream passage of migratory fish, passage delays often occur at these sites. Migrational delay may affect fish detrimentally in several ways, including depletion of energy reserves, suboptimal arrival timing at spawning sites, and prolonged exposure to hazardous conditions at the face of dams. We applied time-to-event analyses to passage times of radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </em>at four dams on the lower Columbia River, where many fish require several days to pass each dam. The analysis allowed us to determine instantaneous passage rates in response to fluctuating river conditions. By relating variability in passage rate to the predictor variables river temperature, river flow, and fish size, we determined the relative contribution of various factors to the passage time of migrating fish. We fit the model by maximizing the likelihood function that incorporated information from individuals rather than aggregated groups of fish. We used Akaike’s Information Criterion to distinguish among several competing models, each of which used a different predictor variable. We found that daytime passage rates were significantly greater than nighttime passage rates. Also, the influence of river flow, river temperature, and fish length on passage rates varied at the four dams. However, when a factor had a significant influence on passage time, the direction of the relationship was consistent across dams: river flow and fish length were positively related to passage time (greater values led to longer passage time), and river temperature was negatively related. This method is easily adaptable to study passage time of any fish population facing a broad range of obstacles to migration, whether natural or man-made.

Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
Yolo Bypass ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Native Fishes ◽  
Rotary Screw

<em>Abstract.</em>—We examined assemblage patterns of early life stages of fishes for two major tributaries of the upper San Francisco Estuary: (1) Sacramento River channel, and (2) Yolo Bypass, the river’s seasonal floodplain. Over four hydrologically diverse years (1999–2002), we collected 15 species in Yolo Bypass egg and larval samples, 18 species in Yolo Bypass rotary screw trap samples, and 10 species in Sacramento River egg and larval samples. Fishes captured included federally listed species (delta smelt <em>Hypomesus transpacificus </em>and splittail <em>Pogonichthys macrolepidotus</em>) and several game species (American shad <em>Alosa sapidissima</em>, striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em>, crappie <em>Pomoxis </em>spp., and Chinook salmon <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>). As in other regions of the estuary, alien fish comprised a large portion of the individuals collected in Yolo Bypass (40–93% for egg and larval net samples; 84–98% for rotary screw trap samples) and Sacramento River (80–99% for egg and larval net samples). Overall ranks of species abundances were significantly correlated for Yolo Bypass and Sacramento River, suggesting that each assemblage was controlled by similar major environmental factors. However, species diversity and richness were higher in Yolo Bypass, likely because of a wider variety of habitat types and greater hydrologic variation in the floodplain. In both landscapes, we found evidence that timing of occurrence of native fishes was earlier than aliens, consistent with their life history and our data on adult migration patterns. We hypothesize that Yolo Bypass favors native fishes because the inundation of seasonal floodplain typically occurs early in the calendar year, providing access to vast areas of spawning and rearing habitat with an enhanced food web. Conclusions from this analysis have implications for the management of aquatic biodiversity of tributaries to the San Francisco Estuary and perhaps to other lowland rivers.

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Dinoflagellate Cyst Abundance in a Tidal Estuary

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
pp. s244-s261 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Balch ◽  
Philip C. Reid ◽  
Sonia C. Surrey-Gent
Keyword(s):  
Wind Stress ◽  
Sediment Trap ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Dinoflagellate Cysts ◽  
Cyst Concentration ◽  
Made In

A study of dinoflagellate cysts was made in an estuary near Plymouth, England for 1 yr. The data show that the cysts were most concentrated in sediments near the entrance of the estuary (3000 cysts (mL∙flocculant−1)) and less concentrated upstream (< 500 cysts (mL∙flocculant−1)). Dinoflagellate cysts were observed in 99% of the plankton samples with an average concentration of 9.2 cysts∙L−1. Thirty percent of the variance in planktonic cyst concentration was associated with tidal range, wind stress, and river flow. The potential for inoculation of nearshore dinoflagellate populations by estuarine populations is discussed.Key words: benthic resting cyst, dinoflagellate, estuary, frontal convergence, sediment trap, spring tides, turbulence

A multiple-reach model describing the migratory behavior of Snake River yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W Zabel ◽  
James J Anderson ◽  
Pamela A Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River System ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Time Step

A multiple-reach model was developed to describe the downstream migration of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River system. Migration rate for cohorts of fish was allowed to vary by reach and time step. A nested sequence of linear and nonlinear models related the variation in migration rates to river flow, date in season, and experience in the river. By comparing predicted with observed travel times at multiple observation sites along the migration route, the relative performance of the migration rate models was assessed. The analysis was applied to cohorts of yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) captured at the Snake River Trap near Lewiston, Idaho, and fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags over the 8-year period 1989-1996. The fish were observed at Lower Granite and Little Goose dams on the Snake River and McNary Dam on the Columbia River covering a migration distance of 277 km. The data supported a model containing two behavioral components: a flow term related to season where fish spend more time in regions of higher river velocity later in the season and a flow-independent experience effect where the fish migrate faster the longer they have been in the river.

scholarly journals Simulating long-term past changes in the balance between water demand and availability and assessing their main drivers at the river basin management scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 12315-12364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fabre ◽  
D. Ruelland ◽  
A. Dezetter ◽  
B. Grouillet
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Time Step

Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the balance between water demand and availability and its spatial and temporal variability from 1971 to 2009 in the Herault (2500 km2, France) and the Ebro (85 000 km2, Spain) catchments. Natural streamflow was evaluated using a conceptual hydrological model. The regulation of river flow was accounted for through a widely applicable demand-driven reservoir management model applied to the largest dam in the Herault basin and to 11 major dams in the Ebro basin. Urban water demand was estimated from population and monthly unit water consumption data. Water demand for irrigation was computed from irrigated area, crop and soil data, and climatic forcing. Finally, a series of indicators comparing water supply and water demand at strategic resource and demand nodes were computed at a 10 day time step. Variations in water stress in each catchment over the past 40 years were successfully modeled, taking into account climatic and anthropogenic pressures and changes in water management strategies over time. Observed changes in discharge were explained by separating human and hydro-climatic pressures on water resources: respectively 20 and 3% of the decrease in the Ebro and the Herault discharges were linked to human-induced changes. Although key areas of the Herault basin were shown to be highly sensitive to hydro-climatic variability, the balance between water uses and availability in the Ebro basin appears to be more critical, owing to high agricultural pressure on water resources. The proposed modeling framework is currently being used to assess water stress under climatic and socio-economic prospective scenarios. Further research will investigate the effectiveness of adaptation policies aimed at maintaining the balance between water use and availability.

scholarly journals Effects of Tidally Varying River Flow on Entrainment of Juvenile Salmon into Sutter and Steamboat Sloughs

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Romine ◽  
◽  
Russell Perry ◽  
Paul Stumpner ◽  
Aaron Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Hydrodynamic Data

Survival of juvenile salmonids in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) varies by migration route, and thus the proportion of fish that use each route affects overall survival through the Delta. Understanding factors that drive routing at channel junctions along the Sacramento River is therefore critical to devising management strategies that maximize survival. Here, we examine entrainment of acoustically tagged juvenile Chinook Salmon into Sutter and Steamboat sloughs from the Sacramento River. Because these sloughs divert fish away from the downstream entrances of the Delta Cross Channel and Georgiana Slough (where fish access the low-survival region of the interior Delta), management actions to increase fish entrainment into Sutter and Steamboat sloughs are being investigated to increase through-Delta survival. Previous studies suggest that fish generally “go with the flow”—as net flow into a divergence increases, the proportion of fish that enter that divergence correspondingly increases. However, complex tidal hydrodynamics at sub-daily time-scales may be decoupled from net flow. Therefore, we modeled routing of acoustic tagged juvenile salmon as a function of tidally varying hydrodynamic data, which was collected using temporary gaging stations deployed between March and May of 2014. Our results indicate that discharge, the proportion of flow that entered the slough, and the rate of change of flow were good predictors of an individual’s probability of being entrained. In addition, interactions between discharge and the proportion of flow revealed a non-linear relationship between flow and entrainment probability. We found that the highest proportions of fish are likely to be entrained into Steamboat Slough and Sutter Slough on the ascending and descending limbs of the tidal cycle, when flow changes from positive to negative. Our findings characterize how patterns of entrainment vary with tidal flow fluctuations, providing information critical for understanding the potential effect of management actions (e.g., fish guidance structures) to modify routing probabilities at this location.

scholarly journals River flow forecasting with artificial neural networks using satellite observed precipitation pre-processed with flow length and travel time information: case study of the Ganges river basin

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Akhtar ◽  
G. A. Corzo ◽  
S. J. van Andel ◽  
A. Jonoski
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
River Flow Forecasting ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Flow Length ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Ann Models ◽  
The Ganges

Abstract. This paper explores the use of flow length and travel time as a pre-processing step for incorporating spatial precipitation information into Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models used for river flow forecasting. Spatially distributed precipitation is commonly required when modelling large basins, and it is usually incorporated in distributed physically-based hydrological modelling approaches. However, these modelling approaches are recognised to be quite complex and expensive, especially due to the data collection of multiple inputs and parameters, which vary in space and time. On the other hand, ANN models for flow forecasting are frequently developed only with precipitation and discharge as inputs, usually without taking into consideration the spatial variability of precipitation. Full inclusion of spatially distributed inputs into ANN models still leads to a complex computational process that may not give acceptable results. Therefore, here we present an analysis of the flow length and travel time as a basis for pre-processing remotely sensed (satellite) rainfall data. This pre-processed rainfall is used together with local stream flow measurements of previous days as input to ANN models. The case study for this modelling approach is the Ganges river basin. A comparative analysis of multiple ANN models with different hydrological pre-processing is presented. The ANN showed its ability to forecast discharges 3-days ahead with an acceptable accuracy. Within this forecast horizon, the influence of the pre-processed rainfall is marginal, because of dominant influence of strongly auto-correlated discharge inputs. For forecast horizons of 7 to 10 days, the influence of the pre-processed rainfall is noticeable, although the overall model performance deteriorates. The incorporation of remote sensing data of spatially distributed precipitation information as pre-processing step showed to be a promising alternative for the setting-up of ANN models for river flow forecasting.

scholarly journals A Novel Modeling Approach for Quantifying Green-House Gas Offsets Associated with the Adoption of Conservation Practices (P03-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bristow ◽  
Jeffery Seale ◽  
Gabe McNunn ◽  
Douglas Karlen ◽  
William Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Ghg Reduction

Abstract Objectives Implementing Climate smart agriculture (CSA) agricultural practices in cropping systems can help to mitigate and even offset negative environmental impacts that contribute to climate change, soil erosion, and nutrient loss. A modeling approach was developed to provide a scalable, geographically-explicit accounting framework for quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions associated with adoption of CSA practices in cropping systems. Methods A model-based GHG accounting framework was developed to quantify spatially-explicit GHG reductions associated with the adoption of specific CSA practices. To enable analysis of large geographic regions, the framework uses a cloud-based computational infrastructure that deploys the DNDC 9.5 biogeochemistry process model to quantify carbon and nitrogen impacts of CSA practice scenarios. Results Specific practices included in the model were; conversion to reduced and no-tillage, adoption of cereal and legume cover crops, and alternative N-fertilizer application timing. In total, 648 management scenarios were simulated across all fields. Transitioning to no-tillage had the most significant effect on GHG emissions. Regional scale impacts associated with a transition from conventional- to reduced- or no-tillage indicated a GHG reduction of 262.7 and 2015.6 kg ha−1 yr−1 of CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent), respectively. Additional GHG emissions reductions were identified for other practices such as cover cropping and improved fertilizer management. Conclusions Widespread adoption of CSA practices has the potential to greatly reduce GHG emissions associated with agriculture, improving the sustainability of food production. Potential impacts of such practices depend on localized weather and soil condition which vary both temporally and geographically. Capturing the effects of spatial and temporal variability with the above modeling framework are needed to identify and strategically target the integration of CSA practices to specific areas where the practices are most impactful and cost-effective. Funding Sources Model framework development and multi-state analysis were partially funded by 2016 NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant.

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