Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and virginiamycin on the cecal microbial community and intestinal morphology of chickens raised under suboptimal conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Pourabedin ◽  
Zhengxin Xu ◽  
Bushansingh Baurhoo ◽  
Eric Chevaux ◽  
Xin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Poultry Diets

There is an increasing movement against use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed. Prebiotic supplementation is a potential alternative to enhance the host’s natural defense through modulation of gut microbiota. In the present study, the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and virginiamycin (VIRG) on cecal microbial ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens raised under suboptimal conditions was evaluated. MOS and VIRG induced different bacterial community structures, as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA. The antibiotic treatment reduced cecal microbial diversity while the community equitability increased. A higher bacterial diversity was observed in the cecum of MOS-supplemented birds. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated that MOS changed the cecal microbiota in favor of the Firmicutes population but not the Bacteroidetes population. No difference was observed in total bacterial counts among treatments. MOS promoted the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the cecum and increased villus height and goblet cell numbers in the ileum and jejunum. These results provide a deeper insight into the microbial ecological changes after supplementation of MOS prebiotic in poultry diets.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Effects of Dietary Essential Oils and Different Husbandry Conditions on the Gut Ecology in Piglets after Weaning

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Janczyk ◽  
R. Pieper ◽  
V. Urubschurov ◽  
K. R. Wendler ◽  
W. B. Souffrant
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Essential oils (EO) are being considered as possible alternatives to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters in pig nutrition. The effects of an EO mixture consisting of limonene, eugenol and pinene (10.0, 2.0, and 4.8 mg/kg diet, resp.) on gut physiology and ecology were studied in piglets. The experiment was conducted at low (commercial farm) and high hygienic conditions (experimental farm), to elucidate interactions between EO supplementation and husbandry methods. Piglets were weaned at 28 days of age, when they were offered either a control diet (C) or C with EO. Four piglets were sacrificed in each group on day 29, 30, 33 and 39. Digesta from the third distal part of the small intestine and from the colon were sampled and analysed for pH, dry matter, lactic acid, short chain fatty acids and ammonia concentrations. Enterobacteria, enterococci, lactobacilli and yeast counts were obtained by plating. Genomic DNA was extracted from digesta and polymerase chain reaction—denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed. Individual microbial communities were identified at each farm. Age affected the intestinal parameters. No effects of the EO with exception for a significant reduction in colon bacterial diversity at 39 days of age could be recorded at experimental farm.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fat Source and Subtherapeutic Levels of Antibiotic on the Bacterial Community in the Ileum of Broiler Chickens at Various Ages

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 5918-5924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Knarreborg ◽  
Mary Alice Simon ◽  
Ricarda M. Engberg ◽  
Bent Borg Jensen ◽  
Gerald W. Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Bacterial Enumeration ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Dietary Treatments

ABSTRACT The effect of dietary fat source (soy oil or a mixture of lard and tallow) and dietary supplementation with antibiotics (a combination of avilamycin at 10 mg kg of feed−1 and salinomycin at 40 mg kg of feed−1) on the bacterial community in the ileum of broiler chickens at different ages (7, 14, 21, and 35 days) was studied using PCR with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis and bacteriological culture. The bacterial origin of fragments in DGGE profiles was identified by sequencing. Bacterial enumeration results, together with PCR-DGGE profiles, showed that the composition of the microflora was age dependent and influenced by dietary fat source and antibiotic supplementation. An increased incidence of streptococci, enterobacteria, and Clostridium perfringens with age of the chickens was demonstrated. Lactobacilli and C. perfringens were the bacterial groups most strongly affected by the dietary treatments. Moreover, different strains (clonal variants of the alpha-toxin gene) of C. perfringens type A were detected in response to age, dietary fat source, and dietary supplementation with antibiotics.

Caprylic Acid Reduces Enteric Campylobacter Colonization in Market-Aged Broiler Chickens but Does Not Appear To Alter Cecal Microbial Populations†

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAUSTO SOLÍS de los SANTOS ◽  
MICHAEL HUME ◽  
KUMAR VENKITANARAYANAN ◽  
ANN M. DONOGHUE ◽  
IRENE HANNING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Positive Controls

Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and epidemiological evidence indicates poultry products to be a significant source of human Campylobacter infections. Caprylic acid, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid, reduces Campylobacter colonization in chickens. How caprylic acid reduces Campylobacter carriage may be related to changes in intestinal microflora. To evaluate this possibility, cecal microbial populations were evaluated with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis from market-age broiler chickens fed caprylic acid. In the first trial, chicks (n = 40 per trial) were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10 birds per treatment group): positive controls (Campylobacter, no caprylic acid), with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before slaughter; and 0.7% caprylic acid supplemented in feed for the last 3 days of the trial, with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before slaughter. Treatments were similar for trial 2, except caprylic acid was supplemented for the last 7 days of the trial. At age 14 days, chicks were orally challenged with Campylobacter jejuni, and on day 42, ceca were collected for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Campylobacter analysis. Caprylic acid supplemented for 3 or 7 days at 0.7% reduced Campylobacter compared with the positive controls, except for the 7-day treatment with a 12-h feed withdrawal period. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the cecal content showed very limited differences in microbial populations. The results of this study indicate that caprylic acid's ability to reduce Campylobacter does not appear to be due to changes in cecal microflora.

scholarly journals Evaluation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assessnosZgene prevalence in mixed microbial communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Siciliano ◽  
Wai Ma ◽  
Shane Powell
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Total Community ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Template Dna

The usefulness of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to measure nosZ gene prevalence in a multi-template reaction was assessed by comparing 19 nosZ template DNA samples and 91 model communities. Efficiencies of the QPCR varied but were not significantly different among nosZ genotypes and were not linked to genetic distance from Ralstonia eutropha . nosZ genotype QPCR efficiencies obtained from isolated denitrifiers were higher (84.8%) than those obtained from excised denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis bands or clones of PCR products from total community DNA (ca. 60%). Analysis of the model communities indicated that QPCR accurately predicts gene prevalence in communities composed of up to six templates.

scholarly journals Prebiotic potential of xylanase enzyme supplemented wheat offal in broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-285
Author(s):  
Aderibigbe Abosede ◽  
Opowoye Omolola ◽  
Atteh Olutimehin ◽  
Okukpe Matthias
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Poultry Diets

The recent development of antibiotics-resistant pathogens in poultry, which poses a threat to human health, has necessitated the search for an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to improve the gut microflora in poultry diets. One of the alternatives to AGPs is probiotics which are beneficial organisms. The by-products of the digestion of polysaccharides for which poultry do not have enzymes to digest are called prebiotics. Prebiotics serve as food for probiotics. The application of enzymes makes this digestion possible. The prebiotic potentials of enzyme supplemented high fibre feedstuffs (HFFs) are not known. This study was conducted to assess the prebiotic potential of xylanase enzyme supplemented wheat offal on broiler chickens (in-vivo). The replacement of maize with wheat offal irrespective of levels supplemented with 100ppm xylanase enzyme caused a reduction in feed intake and an increase in weight gain and better feed conversion ratio. Birds fed diet with 20% wheat offal supplemented with a xylanase enzyme outperformed birds fed diets with 10 or 30% wheat offal supplemented with a xylanase enzyme and birds fed the control diet. The birds had normal weights of vital organs with good structural consistency. The identification of microbes (fungi and bacteria) showed that dietary levels of wheat offal (10, 20 or 30% inclusion) with supplementation of a xylanase enzyme enhanced the growth of beneficial microbes, which resulted in the inhibition or elimination of the opportunistic/pathogenic microbes. It was concluded that enzyme supplementation of high fibre feedstuffs could improve the growth performance, nutrient retention and increase concentration of beneficial microbes in the guts. The use of enzymes is therefore recommended when HFFs are required as a prebiotic source in the guts of broilers.

scholarly journals Impact of dietary Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation on growth, histopathology, E-coli colonization and hepatic transcripts of TNF-α and NF- ϰB of broiler challenged with E. coli O78

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabreen Ezzat Fadl ◽  
Ghada Ahmed El-Gammal ◽  
Osama Atia Sakr ◽  
Aly A.B.S. Salah ◽  
Ayman Ali Atia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver Gene ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Using probiotics have become popular. They are considered an alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP). Probiotics are supplemented into animal feed for improving growth performance along with preventing and controlling enteric pathogens. The aim of this work was to study the impact of dietary supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan (Agrimos®) on broiler challenged with Escherichia coli O78 (E. coli O78 - marked with an antibiotic (320 μg ciprofloxacin/ml broth) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, immune organs-histopathology, E-coli colonization, and hepatic transcripts of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ϰB).Methods: A total of 125 one-day-old chicks were used for conducting the experiment. Five one-day-old chicks were slaughtered for measuring the initial weight of lymphoid tissue. The remaining chicks (120) were allotted into four groups according to Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation and E. coli infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results: Results indicated significant alteration of growth performance, serum biochemistry, selected liver gene expression with pathological lesions especially in lymphoid organs due to E. coli infection. These alterations were mitigated by Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation.Conclusion: It could be concluded Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation in broiler's diet improved the immune response of broilers and mitigated pathological lesion resulted from E. coli infection.

EMPREGO DE UMA MISTURA DE ÁCIDOS FUMÁRICO, LÁTICO, CÍTRICO E ASCORBICO EM DIETAS INICIAIS DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MAIORKA ◽  
A.M.E. SANTIN ◽  
S.A. BORGES ◽  
M. OPALINSKI ◽  
A.V.F. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Lipid Utilization ◽  
Animal Metabolism ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Ascorbic Acids

Foram realizados três experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o melhor uso de uma mistura de ácidos fumárico, lático, cítrico e ascórbico na dieta de aves jovens. No experimento I, aves foram submetidas a dieta com e sem uma mistura de ácidos orgânicos e foi avaliada a influência destes ácidos orgânicos sobre o desempenho e morfologia da mucosa intestinal de frangos de corte. O experimento II avaliou o uso da mistura de ácidos orgânicos na substituição de promotores de crescimento (antibióticos) em dieta de aves. Para tanto as aves foram submetidas a três tratamentos: T1, dieta com promotores de crescimento; T2, dieta sem promotores de crescimento e suplementados com a mistura de ácidos orgânicos; e T3, dieta com a mistura de ácidos orgânicos e com promotor de crescimento. O experimento III buscou verificar se ácidos orgânicos poderiam melhorar utilização dos lipídios e para tanto aves foram submetidas a um experimento fatorial 2 X 2 tendo dois níveis de energia (2.900 e 3.200 kcal/ ME) e dois níveis da mistura de ácidos orgânicos (0,05% e 0%). Os resultados observados demonstraram que ácidos orgânicos foram capazes de melhorar o desempenho de aves de 1 a 21 dias de idade até mesmo na ausência do promotor de crescimento na dieta, entretanto não apresentaram nenhum efeito sobre a morfologia intestinal das aves, bem como sobre a utilização dos lipídios em aves até os 21 dias de vida. Evaluation of a mix of fumaric, lactic, citric and ascorbic acids on start diets of broilers Abstract Three experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of different organic acids of the animal metabolism, namely fumaric, lactic, citric and ascorbic acids, added to the diet of young broilers. In the first experiment a group of birds were fed with or without a mix of those organic acids to evaluate its effect on their performance and their intestinal morphology. In experiment II, it has been evaluated the effect of the mix of those organic acids as growth promoter (antibiotic) substitute in poultry diets. In this experimental, three diets were used, T1, a diet with growth promoters, T2 diet a diet without growth promoters but supplemented with a mix of organic acid and T3, a diet supplemented with growth promoter and mix of organic acids. Experiment III was carried out aiming to verify if the organic acids in study could improve fat digestibility and for that a factorial 2 X 2 design was carried out with two levels of energy and two levels of organic acid supplementation. The results showed that the mix of organic acids improved the birds performance, even in the absence of antibiotic, no effects being observed in regard to the intestinal morphology and lipid utilization.

scholarly journals Impact of dietary Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation on growth, histopathology, E-coli colonization and hepatic transcripts of TNF-α and NF- ϰB of broiler challenged with E. coli O78

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabreen Ezzat Fadl ◽  
Ghada Ahmed El-Gammal ◽  
Osama Atia Sakr ◽  
Abdelbary Mohammed Prince ◽  
Aly A.B.S. Salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver Gene ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Using probiotics have become popular. They are considered an alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP). Probiotics are supplemented into animal feed for improving growth performance along with preventing and controlling enteric pathogens. The aim of this work was to study the impact of dietary supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan (Agrimos®) on broiler challenged with Escherichia coli O78 (E. coli O78 - marked with an antibiotic (320 μg ciprofloxacin/ml broth) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, immune organs-histopathology, E-coli colonization, and hepatic transcripts of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ϰB). Methods: A total of 125 one-day-old chicks were used for conducting the experiment. Five chicks were slaughtered for measuring the initial weight of lymphoid tissue; the remaining chicks (120) were allotted into four groups according to Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation and E. coli infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Results indicated significant alteration of growth performance, serum biochemistry, selected liver gene expression with pathological lesions, especially in lymphoid organs due to E. coli infection, which were mitigated by Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation. Conclusion: It could be concluded Mannan-oligosaccharide and β-Glucan supplementation in broiler's diet improved the immune response of broilers and mitigated pathological lesion resulted from E. coli infection.

scholarly journals Interrelations between the Microbiotas in the Litter and in the Intestines of Commercial Broiler Chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
pp. 6572-6582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Cressman ◽  
Zhongtang Yu ◽  
Michael C. Nelson ◽  
Steven J. Moeller ◽  
Michael S. Lilburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Intestinal Origin ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Litter

ABSTRACT The intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens and the microbiota in the litter have been well studied, but the interactions between these two microbiotas remain to be determined. Therefore, we examined their reciprocal effects by analyzing the intestinal microbiotas of broilers reared on fresh pine shavings versus reused litter, as well as the litter microbiota over a 6-week cycle. Composite ileal mucosal and cecal luminal samples from birds (n = 10) reared with both litter conditions (fresh versus reused) were collected at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days of age. Litter samples were also collected at days 7, 14, 21, and 42. The microbiotas were profiled and compared within sample types based on litter condition using PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The microbiotas were further analyzed using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from microbiota DNA extracted from both chick intestinal and litter samples collected at day 7. Results showed significant reciprocal effects between the microbiotas present in the litter and those in the intestines of broilers. Fresh litter had more environmental bacteria, while reused litter contained more bacteria of intestinal origin. Lactobacillus spp. dominated the ileal mucosal microbiota of fresh-litter chicks, while a group of bacteria yet to be classified within Clostridiales dominated in the ileal mucosal microbiota in the reused-litter chicks. The Litter condition (fresh versus reused) seemed to have a more profound impact on the ileal microbiota than on the cecal microbiota. The data suggest that the influence of fresh litter on ileal microbiota decreased as broilers grew, compared with temporal changes observed under reused-litter rearing conditions.

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