The role of the peripheral cannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of detrusor overactivity evoked by increased intravesical osmolarity in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajetan Juszczak ◽  
Piotr Maciukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Cb2 Receptors ◽  
Cb1 And Cb2 Receptors

The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are localized in the urinary bladder and play a role in the regulation of its function. We investigated the pathomechanisms through which hyperosmolarity induces detrusor overactivity (DO). We compared urinary bladder activity in response to blockade of CB1 and CB2 receptors using AM281 and AM630, respectively, in normal rats and after hyperosmolar stimulation. Experiments were performed on 44 rats. DO was induced by intravesical instillation of hyperosmolar saline. Surgical procedures and cystometry were performed under urethane anaesthesia. The measurements represent the average of 5 bladder micturition cycles. We analysed basal, threshold, and micturition voiding pressure; intercontraction interval; compliance; functional bladder capacity; motility index; and detrusor overactivity index. The blockage of CB1 and CB2 receptors diminished the severity of hyperosmolar-induced DO. In comparison with naïve animals the increased frequency of voiding with no significant effect on intravesical voiding pressure profile was observed as a result of the blockage of CB1 and CB2 receptors. These results demonstrate that hyperosmolar-induced DO is mediated by CB1 and CB2 receptors. Therefore, the cannabinoid pathway could potentially be a target for the treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction.

Ameliorating effects of cloperastine on dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by cerebral infarction in conscious rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 893-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Yamamoto ◽  
Fumio Soeda ◽  
Tetsuya Shirasaki ◽  
Kazuo Takahama
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Urethral Resistance ◽  
Effective Doses

We investigated the effects of the centrally acting antitussives dextromethorphan and cloperastine on urinary bladder dysfunction 24 h after cerebral infarction in rats using the cystometry technique. First, cystometrography was performed in conscious male Sprague–Dawley rats. Cerebral infarction was then induced by occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Twenty-four hours after cerebral infarction, the effect of each drug on micturition disorder was estimated for 5 parameters: bladder capacity, maximum voiding pressure, micturition latency, flow rate, and urethral resistance. Cerebral infarction markedly reduced bladder capacity, micturition latency, and flow rate and increased urethral resistance. After cerebral infarction, intravenous dosing of saline had no effect on these parameters. Dextromethorphan (20 mg/kg) and cloperastine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) at antitussive effective doses significantly increased bladder capacity and micturition latency. Unlike dextromethorphan, cloperastine ameliorated decreases in flow rate and increases in urethral resistance caused by cerebral infarction. These results suggest that cloperastine may have therapeutic value for the treatment of disorders of the micturition reflex associated with cerebral infarction, and that the drug may become a base compound from which to develop more active drugs for such disorders.

Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors on the Neoplastic Lymphocytes in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4804-4804
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw A. Piszcz ◽  
Miroslawa Pietruczuk ◽  
Janusz S. Kloczko ◽  
Milena Dabrowska ◽  
Marzenna Galar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Cb2 Receptors ◽  
Neoplastic Lymphocytes ◽  
Cb1 And Cb2 Receptors

Abstract Endocannabinoids take part in the physiology of neural and immune systems. The latest data showed that these compounds and their receptors play an important role in proliferation and apoptosis of various neoplastic cells. Cannabinoids were shown to increase apoptosis in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines and culture of neoplastic cells obtained from patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The aim of the study was an assessment of cannabinoid receptors expression on lymphocytes B derived from patients with CLL. The study group contains newly diagnosed, untreated adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia; 13 male and 7 female, aged from 44 to 65. All of the patients were in B or C stage according to Binet. Peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy adult donors were used as the control group. The patients were hospitalized in the Department of Haematology, Medical University in Bialystok, Poland. Diagnosis of CLL in all cases was confirmed by routine immunophenotyping study. For flow cytometric analysis 1x105 – 1x106 of peripheral blood cells were incubated with 10ul of anty CB1 and anty CB2 polyclonal antibodies (American Diagnostics). Then 10ul of monoclonal antibodies IgG1-FITC and CD19-PE (Becton Dickinson) were added and the samples were incubated for 20 min in dark in 4°C. The samples were lysed, fixed and stabilized using Immuno-Prep (Coulter procedure) and assessed by flaw cytometry (Epics XL, Coulter). Statistical analysis was performed using non parametric U Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Tests. The conducted study revealed high expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors on the surface of neoplastic lymphocytes. The percentage of CB1/CD19 and CB2/CD19 positive cells in CLL patients were significantly higher, compared to the control group respectively (81.2±9,8% vs 12.0±9,3% p<0,05; 94,8±11,0 % vs 9,9±4,0%, p<0,05). No difference was noticed between the percentage of lymphocytes with CB1 and CB2 receptors expression in CLL and control group. Fluorescent intensity of CB2 receptors was about ten folds higher than CB1 receptors in both groups. The study demonstrated the presence of both types of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) on neoplastic cells derived from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The higher percentage of B-lymphocytes expressing cannabinoid receptors in CLL patient suggests that the cannabinoid system may take part in CLL development. High intensity of CB2 receptor may be another target in CLL treatment.

scholarly journals CoQ10 ameliorates monosodium glutamate-induced alteration in detrusor activity and responsiveness in rats via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and channel inhibiting mechanisms

BMC Urology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia F. El Agamy ◽  
Yahya M. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

Abstract Background Competent detrusor muscles with coordinated contraction and relaxation are crucial for normal urinary bladder storage and emptying functions. Hence, detrusor instability, and subsequently bladder overactivity, may lead to undesirable outcomes including incontinence. Multiple mechanisms may underlie the pathogenesis of detrusor overactivity including inflammation and oxidative stress. Herein, we tested the possibility that CoQ10 may have a potential therapeutic role in detrusor overactivity. Methods Forty adult male Wistar albino rats weighing 100-150 g were used in the present study. Rats were divided (10/group) into control (receiving vehicles), monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated (receiving 5 mg/kg MSG daily for 15 consecutive days), MSG + OO-treated (receiving concomitantly 5 mg/kg MSG and olive oil for 15 consecutive days), MSG + CoQ10-treated (receiving concomitantly 5 mg/kg MSG and 100 mg/kg CoQ10 daily for 15 consecutive days) groups. Results MSG resulted in significant increase in bladder weight and sensitised the bladder smooth muscles to acetylcholine. MSG has also resulted in significant increase in bladder TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde, nerve growth factor and connexion 43, with significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Olive oil had no effect on MSG induced alterations of different parameters. Treatment with CoQ10 has resulted in a significant restoration of all the altered parameters. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that CoQ10 antagonizes the deleterious effects of MSG on detrusor activity. We propose that CoQ10 could be a therapeutic strategy targeting urinary bladder dysfunction.

scholarly journals Expression and function of transforming growth factor-β isoforms and cognate receptors in the rat urinary bladder following cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (9) ◽  
pp. F1265-F1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Gonzalez ◽  
Beatrice M. Girard ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Lower Urinary

Numerous proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the reorganization of lower urinary tract function following cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. The present study investigated the functional profile of three pleiotropic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms and receptor (TβR) variants in the normal and inflamed (CYP-induced cystitis) rat urinary bladder. Our findings indicate that TGF-β (1, 2, and 3) and TβR (1, 2, and 3) transcript and protein expression were regulated to varying degrees in the urothelium or detrusor smooth muscle following intermediate (48 h; 150 mg/kg ip) or chronic (75 mg/kg ip; once every 3 days for 10 days), but not acute (4 h; 150 mg/kg ip), CYP-induced cystitis. Conscious, open-outlet cystometry was performed to determine whether aberrant TGF-β signaling contributes to urinary bladder dysfunction following intermediate (48 h) CYP-induced cystitis. TβR-1 inhibition with SB505124 (5 μM) significantly (p ≤ 0.001) decreased voiding frequency and increased bladder capacity (2.5-fold), void volume (2.6-fold), and intercontraction intervals (2.5-fold) in CYP-treated (48 h) rats. Taken together, these results provide evidence for 1) the involvement of TGF-β in lower urinary tract neuroplasticity following urinary bladder inflammation, 2) a functional role of TGF-β signaling in the afferent limb of the micturition reflex, and 3) urinary bladder TβR-1 as a viable target to reduce voiding frequency with cystitis.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CB1 AND CB2 RECEPTORS IN RAT, MONKEY AND HUMAN URINARY BLADDER

2008 ◽  
Vol 179 (4S) ◽  
pp. 351-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gratzke ◽  
George J Christ ◽  
Tomi Streng ◽  
Anthony Park ◽  
Christian G Stief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cb2 Receptors ◽  
Cb1 And Cb2 Receptors

scholarly journals Social stress induces changes in urinary bladder function, bladder NGF content, and generalized bladder inflammation in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (7) ◽  
pp. R893-R900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald C. Mingin ◽  
Abbey Peterson ◽  
Cuixia Shi Erickson ◽  
Mark T. Nelson ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Bladder Dysfunction ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Urinary Bladder Dysfunction

Social stress may play a role in urinary bladder dysfunction in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we explored changes in bladder function caused by social stress using mouse models of stress and increasing stress. In the stress paradigm, individual submissive FVB mice were exposed to C57BL/6 aggressor mice directly/indirectly for 1 h/day for 2 or 4 wk. Increased stress was induced by continuous, direct/indirect exposure of FVB mice to aggressor mice for 2 wk. Stressed FVB mice exhibited nonvoiding bladder contractions and a decrease in both micturition interval (increased voiding frequency) and bladder capacity compared with control animals. ELISAs demonstrated a significant increase in histamine protein expression with no change in nerve growth factor protein expression in the urinary bladder compared with controls. Unlike stressed mice, mice exposed to an increased stress paradigm exhibited increased bladder capacities and intermicturition intervals (decreased voiding frequency). Both histamine and nerve growth factor protein expression were significantly increased with increased stress compared with control bladders. The change in bladder function from increased voiding frequency to decreased voiding frequency with increased stress intensity suggests that changes in social stress-induced urinary bladder dysfunction are context and duration dependent. In addition, changes in the bladder inflammatory milieu with social stress may be important contributors to changes in urinary bladder function.

GPR55 – a putative “type 3” cannabinoid receptor in inflammation

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyewon Yang ◽  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Christian Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cb2 Receptors ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Cb1 And Cb2 Receptors

AbstractG protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) shares numerous cannabinoid ligands with CB1 and CB2 receptors despite low homology with those classical cannabinoid receptors. The pharmacology of GPR55 is not yet fully elucidated; however, GPR55 utilizes a different signaling system and downstream cascade associated with the receptor. Therefore, GPR55 has emerged as a putative “type 3” cannabinoid receptor, establishing a novel class of cannabinoid receptor. Furthermore, the recent evidence of GPR55-CB1 and GPR55-CB2 heteromerization along with its broad distribution from central nervous system to peripheries suggests the importance of GPR55 in various cellular processes and pathologies and as a potential therapeutic target in inflammation.

scholarly journals Role for pAKT in rat urinary bladder with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. F252-F262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Arms ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Somatic Pain ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Bladder Inflammation ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

AKT phosphorylation following peripheral nerve injury or inflammation may play a role in somatic pain processes and visceral inflammation. To examine such a role in micturition reflexes with bladder inflammation, we induced bladder inflammation in adult female Wistar rats (200–300 g) by injecting cyclophosphamide (CYP) intraperitoneally at acute (150 mg/kg; 4 h), intermediate (150 mg/kg; 48 h), and chronic (75 mg/kg; every third day for 10 days) time points. Western blot analyses of whole urinary bladders showed significant increases ( P ≤ 0.01) in phosphorylated (p) AKT at all time points; however, the magnitude of AKT phosphorylation varied with duration of CYP treatment. Immunohistochemical analyses of pAKT immunoreactivity (pAKT-IR) in cryostat bladder sections demonstrated duration-dependent, significant ( P ≤ 0.01) increases in pAKT-IR in both the urothelium and detrusor smooth muscle of CYP-inflamed bladders. Additionally, a suburothelial population of pAKT-IR macrophages (CD68-, MAC2-, and F4/80-positive) was present in chronic CYP-treated bladders. The functional role of pAKT in micturition was evaluated using open, conscious cystometry with continuous instillation of saline in conjunction with administration of an inhibitor of AKT phosphorylation, deguelin (1.0 μg/10 μl), or vehicle (1% DMSO in saline) in control (no inflammation) and CYP (48 h)-treated rats. Bladder capacity, void volume, and intercontraction void interval increased significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) following intravesical instillation of deguelin in CYP (48 h)-treated rats. These results demonstrate increased AKT phosphorylation in the urinary bladder with urinary bladder inflammation and that blockade of AKT phosphorylation in the urothelium improves overall bladder function.

The Potential Benefits of Palmitoylethanolamide in Palliation: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1134-1154
Author(s):  
Mellar P. Davis ◽  
Bertrand Behm ◽  
Zankhana Mehta ◽  
Carlos Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Cb2 Receptors ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
Cb1 And Cb2 Receptors

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a nutraceutical endocannabinoid that was retrospectively discovered in egg yolks. Feeding poor children with known streptococcal infections prevented rheumatic fever. Subsequently, it was found to alter the course of influenza. Unfortunately, there is little known about its pharmacokinetics. Palmitoylethanolamide targets nonclassical cannabinoid receptors rather than CB1 and CB2 receptors. Palmitoylethanolamide will only indirectly activate classical cannabinoid receptors by an entourage effect. There are a significant number of prospective and randomized trials demonstrating the pain-relieving effects of PEA. There is lesser evidence of benefit in patients with nonpain symptoms related to depression, Parkinson disease, strokes, and autism. There are no reported drug–drug interactions and very few reported adverse effects from PEA. Further research is needed to define the palliative benefits to PEA.

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