MORFOLOGI DAN KLASIFIKASI TANAH PADA TOPOSEKUEN LERENG BARAT GUNUNG KELUD, KEDIRI, JAWA TIMUR

The research that was conducted from April to December 2020 in the Supiturung Micro-Watershed, located on the western slope of Mount Kelud, Kediri was aimed to study the morphological characteristics and soil classification using a topo-sequence approach. Four pedons were observed across the physiographic positions (upper, middle and lower slopes) on dry-land farming land use. The method used in this research included 8 stages, namely the preparation stage, pre-survey, map making, field observations, laboratory analysis, soil classification, data processing, and reporting. On the field, cross-sectional profiles were carried out on four selected pedons by testing the soil profile measuring 1 x 1 meter with a depth of 150-200 cm, followed by soil horizon, soil thickness, texture, structure, consistency, effective depth, type and number of pores, as well as other characteristics. Soil samples were collected from the genetic horizon of the pedons for being analyzed using standard procedures, then taken to the laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis. Soil morphology with physicochemical properties was then classified based on the Keys Taxonomy of Soil to the Sub Group level. The results showed that each pedon has a different Sub Group. This condition can be caused by many factors, such as differences in epipedon thickness, base saturation values, organic C levels, and other morphological conditions at the time of direct observation. Four pedons have lithologic discontinuities, recognition of these types of lithologic changes is important because pedogenesis and pedogenic interpretations are greatly influenced by changes in the parent material.

Download Full-text

Amalgamation and Harmonization of Soil Survey Reports into a Multi-purpose Database

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2020-0078 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shane Robert Furze ◽

Paul Arp

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Soil Parent Material ◽

Soil Surveys

There is a growing demand for standardized, easily accessible and detailed information pertaining to soil and its variability across the landscape. Typically, this information is only available for select areas in the form of local or regional soil surveys reports which are difficult, and costly, to develop. Additionally, soil surveying protocols have changed with time, resulting in inconsistencies between surveys conducted over different periods. This article describes systematic procedures applied to generate an aspatial, terminologically- and unit-consistent, database for forest soils from county-based soil survey reports for the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The procedures involved (i) amalgamating data from individual soil surveys following a hierarchical framework, (ii) summarizing and grouping soil information by soil associations, (iii) assigning correct soil associates to each association, with each soil associate distinguished by drainage classification, (iv) assigning pedologically-correct horizon sequences, as identified in the original soil surveys, to each soil associate, (v) assigning horizon descriptors and measured soil properties to each horizon, as outlined by the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and (vi) harmonizing units of measurement for individual soil properties. Identification and summarization of all soil associations (and corresponding soil associates) was completed with reference to the principal soil-forming factors, namely soil parent material, topographic surface expressions, soil drainage, and dominant vegetation type(s). This procedure, utilizing 17 soil surveys, resulted in an amalgamated database containing 106 soil associations, 243 soil associates, and 522 soil horizon sequences summarizing the variability of forest soil conditions across New Brunswick.

Download Full-text

Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Alluvial Soils in Riparian Forests after River Regulation

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12030329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Dorota Kawalko ◽

Paweł Jezierski ◽

Cezary Kabala

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Soil Classification ◽

River Regulation ◽

Riparian Forests ◽

Deep Penetration ◽

Alluvial Soils ◽

Soil Morphology ◽

Groundwater Supply ◽

Quantitative Alteration ◽

Favorable Conditions

The elimination of flooding and lowering of the groundwater table after large-scale river regulation allow deep penetration of soils by plant roots, soil fauna, and microorganisms, thus creating favorable conditions for advanced pedogenesis. Although the changes of the morphology and properties of agriculturally used drained alluvial soils in Central Europe have been well characterized, studies in riparian forests remain insufficient. An analysis of 21 profiles of forest soils located on the Holocene river terrace (a floodplain before river regulation and embankment) in SW Poland confirmed a noticeable pedogenic transformation of soil morphology and properties resulting from river regulation. Gleyic properties were in most profiles replaced with stagnic properties, testifying to a transition from dominant groundwater supply to precipitation-water supply. The development of a diagnostic mollic and cambic horizons, correlated with the shift in soil classification from Fluvisols to Phaeozems, and in the majority, to Cambisols, demonstrated a substantial change in habitat conditions. The transformation of alluvial soils may result in an inevitable modification of forest management in the river valley, including quantitative alteration in species composition of primarily riparian forests.

Download Full-text

Nailfold capillary morphological characteristics of hand-arm vibration syndrome: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012983 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. e012983 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

QingSong Chen ◽

GuiPing Chen ◽

Bin Xiao ◽

HanSheng Lin ◽

HongYing Qu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Vibration Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional

Download Full-text

Frequency of mandibular third molar surgical impactions in orthodontic patients with different antegonial notching

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v8i3.343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 112-116

Author(s):

Muhammad Azeem ◽

Muhammad Mudassar Saleem ◽

Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽

Muhammad Imran Saleh ◽

Zubair Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Third Molar ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

P Value ◽

Third Molars ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mandibular Third Molar ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Inferior Border ◽

Medical University

Background: Few studies have been reported so far on the frequency of lower third molar impactions in patients with different morphological characteristics. Our aim in this study was to find out the frequency of impacted lower third molars in orthodontic patients with different antegonial notch depths. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted at Orthodontics Department of Dental Section, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, and de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2017 to June 2019. A total of 60 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of patients with impacted lower third molars were included. The depth of antegonial notch was calculated on all the selected OPGs by measuring distance between the deepest area of the notch cavity and the tangent on the inferior border of the mandible. The patients with depth of antegonial notch of 1 mm or less were labeled as having shallow antegonial notch, while those with 3 mm or more were considered as having deep antegonial notch. Percentages and mean + SD were calculated for different variables. Depth of antegonial notching was compared between genders using ANOVA with P-value <0.5 considered as significant. Results: Of 60 orthodontic patients, there was an equal number of male and female patients (n=30). The average age of the patients was 25.5±4 years. Overall frequency of impactions was similar in both the genders and frequency of impacted lower third molars was found to be greater in patients with deeper antegonial notches. Conclusion: Mandibular third molar impactions were most frequent in orthodontic patients with deep antegonial notches

Download Full-text

Influence of soil factors on the microbiome of Rendzic Leptosols chronosequence in the Crimean Peninsula

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1767 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasiia Kimeklis ◽

Grigory Gladkov ◽

Aleksei Zverev ◽

Arina Kichko ◽

Evgeny Andronov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Formation ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Reactive Component ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Russian Scientific ◽

Limestone Bedrock

<p>Pedogenesis depends on multiple factors, such as climate, vegetation, topography, parent material. Some of these factors are zonal, meaning they are determined by climate zone. But some factors are intrazonal, meaning that it has the same impact on soil formation in different climate zones. One example is parent material. The other peculiar feature of a parent material is that it determines the rates of pedogenesis. In this regard, Rendzic Leptosols &#8211; are intrazonal slowly developing soils formed on a limestone bedrock. In this study we approached the dynamics of microbiome formation in a chronosequence of these soils collected in Crimean Peninsula using analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries and quantitative PCR. The chronosequence included benchmark soil, 700 year-old soil from the ancient city of Eski-Kermen, 70 year-old soil from WWII trenches and 50 year-old soil from the open quarry screenings. Our research demonstrated that soil type on a limestone rock is the driving force behind microbiome shaping, without any apparent influence of its age. Dominant phyla for all soil sites were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Thaumarchaeota, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes. Alpha diversity was similar across sites and tended to be higher in topsoil. Beta diversity showed that microbiomes diverged according to the soil site and the soil horizon. CCA analysis, in combination with PERMANOVA, linked differences in microbiomes to the nutrients associated with the soil horizon, and our analysis showed that the reactive component of the soil microbiome shifted simultaneously in both soil horizons between different soil sites.</p><p>The work was supported by the grant of the Russian Scientific Foundation, project 17-16-01030.</p>

Download Full-text

THE EFFECT OF DRAINAGE CONDITION ON THE REDOX POTENTIAL, LEACHATE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOIL PARENT MATERIAL STUDIED IN THE LABORATORY

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss60-017 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 121-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. A. McKeague ◽

C. F. Bentley

Keyword(s):

Redox Potential ◽

Water Table ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Material ◽

Soil Parent Material ◽

Leachate Analysis ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Leachate Composition ◽

Measurable Change

Plastic columns containing a calcareous clay loam soil parent material with and without ground aspen leaves at the surface were maintained under different drainage conditions for 32 months. Distilled water was added at regular intervals. Results of redox potential (Eh) measurements at four depths, leachate analysis and analysis of the soil material are presented.With water table to the surface and a layer of surface leaves, low Eh readings and appreciable iron movement resulted. In a column with fluctuating water table and surface leaves, raising the water table brought about a decrease in the Eh of the soil below the water table. Height of water table had no effect on the Eh of a column which had no leaves at the surface. In columns where the soil material was mixed with quartz sand, leaching brought about marked downward movement of silt and clay size particles. Apart from the removal of soluble salts, there was little measurable change in columns which had no admixture of sand.

Download Full-text

Characteristic of Dystrustepts in the Venezuelan Andes

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832009000600026 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1777-1784

Author(s):

Guido Ochoa ◽

Jajaira Oballos ◽

Juan Carlos Velásquez ◽

Isabel López ◽

Jorge Manrique

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Parent Material ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

Organic C ◽

Discrimination Analysis ◽

Large Group ◽

The Us ◽

Acid Reaction ◽

Large Groups ◽

Soil Groups

The majority (60 %) of the soils in the Venezuelan Andes are Inceptisols, a large percentage of which are classified as Dystrustepts by the US Soil Taxonomy, Second Edition of 1999. Some of these soils were classified as Humitropepts (high organic - C-OC-soils) and Dystropepts by the Soil Taxonomy prior to 1999, but no equivalent large group was created for high-OC soils in the new Ustepts suborder. Dystrusepts developed on different materials, relief and vegetation. Their properties are closely related with the parent material. Soils developed on transported deposits or sediments have darker and thicker A horizons, a slightly acid reaction, greater CEC and OC contents than upland slope soils. Based on the previous classification into large groups (Humitropepts and Dystropepts) we found that: Humitropepts have a slightly less acid and higher values of CEC than Dystropepts. These properties or characteristics seem to be related to the fact that Humitropepts have a higher clay and OC content than the Dystropepts. Canonical discrimination analysis showed that the variables that discriminate the two great soil groups from each other are OC and silt. Data for Humitropepts are grouped around the OC vector (defining axis 3, principal component analysis), while Dystropepts are associated with the clay and sand vectors, with significant correlation. Given the importance of OC for soil properties, we propose the creation of a new large group named Humustepts for the order Inceptisol, suborder Ustepts.

Download Full-text

Numerical examination of a field classification of some red, yellow and grey earth profiles

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9830343 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RJ Coventry ◽

WT Williams

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Sampling Interval ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Striking Difference ◽

Numerical Classification ◽

Soil Attributes ◽

Additional Information ◽

Positive Attribute

Numerical methods have been used to examine an existing and accepted field classification of 48 profiles of red, yellow, and grey earths (mainly Alfisols) from central north Queensland. The three-dimensional soils data (sites by depths by descriptors, which may be mixed in type) were converted to a form which appeared to the computer as a two-dimensional set of profiles by attributes. The soils data were from independent depth intervals, and no assumptions were made about the inter-relationships among soil layers tvithin a profile; nor were the values of any of the soil attributes weighted. In order to consider shallow profiles on the same total depth basis as the deep profiles, the absence of a soil horizon or sampling interval at depth has been regarded as a positive attribute in the numerical classification. Comparison of the traditional field classification and a numerical classification of the same soils dataset showed that certain soil attributes played an important role in both classifications. The most striking difference between them was the relative importance of soil colour attributes, from which it might be argued that field pedologists have assigned to colour a weight out of proportion to its real importance in soil classification. However, this attribute carries additional information about the mineral constituents and hydrological regimes of the soils, and represents information known to, and used by, the field pedologist but not revealed to the computer. The essential subjectivity in the choice of attributes for soil classification is demonstrated.

Download Full-text

Correlation between histochemistry and muscle activity of jaw muscles in cats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1393 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 1393-1400 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. C. Gorniak

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Relative Difference ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fast Twitch

Studies on limb muscles of mammals indicate that the pattern of electromyographic (EMG) activity reflects the histochemical profile of the muscle. This relationship suggests that EMG activity may permit a prediction of certain morphological characteristics of the muscle being studied. In this study numerical descriptors of EMG activity of the masticatory muscles of cats are correlated with the distribution of fiber types, as well as with fiber and fascicle areas, to test the extent to which EMG can be used to predict regional morphology. The results show that the level of EMG activity and its duration have a significant positive correlation with the percentage of slow- and fast-twitch fatigue-resistant fibers and a significant negative correlation with the percentage of fast-twitch fatigable fibers and the ratio of fast-twitch fatigable to fast-twitch fatigue-resistant, plus slow fibers. No correlation was found between activity and fiber cross-sectional area; the descriptors showing significant correlation vary with the hardness of the food. Thus the level of EMG activity and its duration seemingly do provide an indicator of the relative difference in fiber distribution among muscles in a species.

Download Full-text

Morphometric analysis of myofibre development in the adductor femoris muscle of single and twin fetal lambs

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd99067 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 329 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. A. McCoard ◽

W. C. McNabb ◽

S. W. Peterson ◽

S. N. McCutcheon ◽

P. M. Harris

Keyword(s):

Sampling Site ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Distal Region ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact ◽

Femoris Muscle ◽

Selection Of

Cellular development of the adductor femoris muscle from twin and single fetuses was studied at 140 days gestation to evaluate the effect of moderate fetal growth retardation on myofibre development. Twin fetuses had lower bodyweights (13%) and disproportionately small adductor femoris muscle weights (22%) compared with single fetuses. Reduced muscle mass was associated with smaller myofibre cross-sectional areas (CSA) and lower DNA content (22%), indicative of fewer myonuclei and retarded myofibre hypertrophy. Myofibre number and the phenotypic maturation of the myofibres were similar between twins and singletons. These results indicate that even modest growth restriction during fetal life can negatively influence myofibre hypertrophy, highlighting the importance of fetal nutrition for muscle growth. Large muscles, such as the adductor femoris, have intrafascicularly terminating myofibres, which necessitates accurate sampling of the muscle when investigating possible perturbations in morphological characteristics (e.g. between singletons and twins). The second objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of the sampling site on the morphological parameters of the adductor femoris muscle. The apparent total myofibre number decreased from the proximal to the distal region of the adductor femoris muscle. The apparent number of slow-twitch fibres also decreased from the proximal to the medial region, but was not different between the medial and distal regions of the muscle. Similarly, myofibre CSA differed between the medial and distal regions. These results indicate that, particularly with large muscles, such as the adductor femoris, which has intrafascicularly terminating myofibres, single site sampling for the determination of morphological fibre characteristics may generate misleading results and that careful selection of the sampling area may be necessary.

Download Full-text