The Archean gneiss complex of northern Labrador. 2. Mineral ages, secondary isochrons, and diffusion of strontium during polymetamorphism of the Uivak gneisses

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Collerson
Keyword(s):  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Gneiss Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mineral Data ◽  
Isotopic Equilibration ◽  
Diffusion Mechanisms ◽  
Place Exchange ◽  
The Times ◽  
Isotope Systematics ◽  
And Diffusion

Strontium isotope systematics of minerals from the ca. 3600 Ma old Uivak gneisses and of compositionally layered Uivak I gneisses, which define secondary isochrons, are the result of Sr isotopic homogenization during thermal events ca. 2800, ca. 2500, and ca. 1800 Ma ago. The strontium isotope data provide information about the thermal history of the Archean gneiss complex in northern Labrador, the scale of Sr isotopic equilibration, and mechanisms of Sr diffusion during polymetamorphism.The mineral data indicate that biotite and amphibole were both partially open to Sr diffusion during the Hudsonian Orogeny ca. 1800 Ma ago. However, cooling rates and closure to diffusion of Sr in these phases varied throughout the terrane. Potassium feldspars were largely closed to diffusive loss of Sr during the 1800 and 2500 Ma events, and they record evidence of a ca. 2800–2900 Ma thermal event.Ages defined by secondary isochrons correlate with variations in the widths of the gneissic layers and correspond with geologically established events in the Nain and Churchill Provinces. The secondary isochrons developed as a result of local isotopic equilibration on different scales during these thermal events. The variable scales of equilibration reflect the effects of different Sr diffusion mechanisms. As a melt phase was not produced in the gneisses at the times indicated by the secondary isochrons, diffusion must have occurred under subsolidus conditions. Temperatures were therefore too low for extensive volume diffusion to have taken place. Exchange of Sr isotopes over distances greater than 5–10 cm must have involved grain boundary diffusion or some form of infiltration metasomatism.

scholarly journals Особенности полиморфного превращения в титане

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Л.В. Спивак ◽  
Н.Е. Щепина
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diffusion Mechanisms ◽  
And Diffusion

Using differential scanning calorimetry, the regularities of polymorphic α↔β transformation in polycrystalline titanium WТ 1-00 were studied. The values of the activation energy of the α↔β transformation during heating of titanium (760±30 kJ/mol and 1100±100 kJ/mol) were determined, which were dependent on the thermal history of the metal. It is suggested that the recrystallization mechanisms during heating and cooling are controlled by diffusion-free and diffusion mechanisms implemented in overlapping temperature intervals.

ACTION ON MATTER: THE HISTORY OF THE UNIQUELY AFRICAN TAMPER AND CONCAVE ANVIL POT-FORMING TECHNIQUE

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Sterner ◽  
Nicholas David
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Diffusion

The publication, largely by ethnoarchaeologists, of new data on the tamper and concave anvil technique of pot-forming (TCA) permits a reassessment of this uniquely African technique, its toolkit, and its culture history. A survey, inspired by the technologie culturelle school, of its varied expressions in the southern Saharan, Sahelian and northern Sudan zones from Mali to Sudan and extending north into Egypt emphasises the potential of the technique for the efficient production of spherical water jars of high volume to weight ratio, much appreciated in arid environments. The technique is demanding and therefore practised for the most part by specialists. The origins and diffusion of the technique are assessed in the light of the ethnological, archaeological, linguistic, and historical evidence, and a four stage historical development is sketched.

“Sou Inglesa! Sou Inglesa!”: Memórias de uma Menina Anglo-Portuguesa (1907-1930)

2017 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Miguel Alarcão
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social History ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

Textualizing the memory(ies) of physical and cultural encounter(s) between Self and Other, travel literature/writing often combines subjectivity with documental information which may prove relevant to better assess mentalities, everyday life and the social history of any given ‘timeplace’. That is the case with Growing up English. Memories of Portugal 1907-1930, by D. J. Baylis (née Bucknall), prefaced by Peter Mollet as “(…) a remarkably vivid and well written observation of the times expressed with humour and not little ‘carinho’. In all they make excellent reading especially for those of us interested in the recent past.” (Baylis: 2)

The Gastropod Genus Bembicium Philippi

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Estuarine Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Species ◽  
The Times

A history of the nomenclature of the littorinid genus, Bembicium Phllippi, 1846, and its characters are given, and the anatomy of species of the genus is discussed. Three species are recognized and redescribed: a reef-living species, B. nanum (Lamarck); an estuarine species, B. auratum (Quoy & Gaimard); and the species B. melanostoma (Gmelin) which normally inhabits sheltered bays and inlets. Although all are intertidal animals, and show some measure of adaptability, each appears to be best suited to a particular habitat. B. melanostoma and B. nanum are usually found where the chlorinity of the water is close to that of the sea. B. auratum can withstand considerable variation in the chlorinity of its environment for periods of time which are not likely to be exceeded in its normal habitat. B. melanostoma mostly lives at higher tidal levels than B. nanum. In the aquarium B. nanum proved the most susceptible to desiccation. The egg masses of B. melanostoma contain fewer and larger eggs than those of B. auratum. In the laboratory spawning of B. auratum occurred during the spring and early summer. Under the same conditions specimens of B. melanostoma deposited eggs in October. The differences between the eggs and their development, and between the times of spawning of the two species collected from different littoral regions are also discussed.

scholarly journals Boundary behavior and product-form stationary distributions of jump diffusions in the orthant with state-dependent reflections

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 529-547
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Piera ◽  
Ravi R. Mazumdar ◽  
Fabrice M. Guillemin
Keyword(s):  
Random Fields ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Boundary Behavior ◽  
Stationary Regime ◽  
Product Form ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Nonnegative Orthant ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
The Times ◽  
And Diffusion

In this paper we consider reflected diffusions with positive and negative jumps, constrained to lie in the nonnegative orthant of ℝ n . We allow for the drift and diffusion coefficients, as well as for the directions of reflection, to be random fields over time and space. We provide a boundary behavior characterization, generalizing known results in the nonrandom coefficients and constant directions of the reflection case. In particular, the regulator processes are related to semimartingale local times at the boundaries, and they are shown not to charge the times the process expends at the intersection of boundary faces. Using the boundary results, we extend the conditions for product-form distributions in the stationary regime to the case when the drift and diffusion coefficients, as well as the directions of reflection, are random fields over space.

scholarly journals The history of pharmacy in Adamów

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wrobel ◽  
Malgorzata Korzeniowska ◽  
Agnieszka Polak ◽  
Marcin Szczygiel ◽  
Rafal Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Polish Intelligentsia ◽  
History Of Pharmacy

AbstractThis is one of a series of articles about pharmacists in Lublin district, in the 19th and 20th c. The first recorded owner of the pharmacy in Adamów was Aleksander Biernacki (1851-1897), who passed it onto his son-in-law, Aleksander Rogoziński (1873-1941), and who, in turn, passed it onto his son, Stanisław Rogoziński (1913-1998), married to Tatiana (1918-1998). This family's history is an example of the history of Polish intelligentsia in the second half of 19th c., in the times of the Russian partition, World War I, 1918-1939, World War II and until contemporary times.

Deveolpment of Constitutional Law on the Territory of Ukranie (IX-XIII Centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1006-1014
Author(s):  
Oksana Pylypchuk
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Submission Date

The article is devoted to the history of formation and development of Ukrainian constitutionalism. It is shown that during the times of Kievan Rus and the Galicia-Volyn principality monarchical states with elements of a democratic state and political regime were formed on Ukrainian lands. It is highlighted that the formation of the Ukrainian nation and its path to its own state was carried out under the conditions of aristocratic democracy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It is emphasized that the Ukrainian people in the XV century became part of a large European society, which became the basis for the emergence of constitutional ideas in the Ukrainian ethnic lands, the creation of the Cossacks and the revival of their own Ukrainian state in the former Kievan Rus. It is noted that the results of the development of Ukrainian constitutionalism in the eighteenth century was presented in the Constitution of Hetman P. Orlyk in 1710, which became one of the most democratic constitutions in Europe at that time. Fecha de envío / Submission date: 25/02/2021 Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance date: 19/04/2021

The battles of October in Moscow: Through Witness' Eyes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Хутарев-Гарнишевский
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
The Times ◽  
Economical Process

Публикуемый источник является отрывком из дневника депутата Московской городской Думы Н.П. Вишнякова (1844-1927). Автор лично не принимал участия в боевых действиях, но находился в самом эпицентре боевых действий между «красными» и «белыми», так как проживал с семьей в центре города. Именно эти события часто называют началом полноценной Гражданской войны. Его дневник отражает психологическое состояние мирного горожанина, оказавшегося заложником гражданского противостояния на улицах Москвы.Особый интерес представляют описания особенностей быта москвичей, циркулирующие среди них слухи, домыслы, их надежды и страхи, а также поведенческие стратегии различных социальных слоев. Особую ценность представляет то, что автор делал свои записи два-три раза в день, подробно фиксируя происходящее. Подобного рода источники крайне немногочисленны.Мемуарное и эпистолярное наследие Н.П. Вишнякова давно признано уникальным источником по истории общественно-политической, культурной и экономической жизни Москвы, но никогда не было опубликовано полностью. Лишь дважды публиковались небольшие отрывки.Данная публикация является частью работы по подготовке полного издания эпистолярного наследия Н.П. Вишнякова, который был вовлечен почти во все политические и экономические процессы Москвы времен правления императора Николая II. Он был депутатом (гласным) Московской Думы с 1873 по 1917 гг. с пятилетним перерывом в 1892--1897 гг., мировым судьей, известным ученым-геологом и краеведом.Для публикации были раскрыты многочисленные сокращения топонимов, а также расшифрованы индивидуальные, характерные для автора сокращения.Особую трудность представляет почерк Н.П. Вишнякова, подчас очень сложный для понимания и в отдельных случаях не поддающийся расшифровке.Эпистолярное наследия Н.П. Вишнякова весьма обширно, а сам дневник охватывает события с 1872 по 1918 гг. Published is an excerpt from a diary of N.P. Vishnyakov (1844–1927), a Moscow Duma deputy. Nikolay Petrovich has never personally participated in the events, but was in the epicenter of the October battles between the Red and the White movements, as he and his family lived in the centre of Moscow. Those events in particular are often referred to as the beginning of the real Civil War. His diary shows us the mental state of a peaceful citizen caught as a hostage during the civil confrontation on Moscow streets. Depicted are certain peculiarities of everyday life, rumors and doubts, hopes and fears of Moscovites, as well as behavioral strategies of different social groups.Most valuable is that the author made 2–3 diary entries a day, registering the events in details. Such sources are very few in number.N.P. Vishnyakov's memoirs and epistolary heritage have never before were fully published and were marked as a unique source on the history of political, cultural and economic life in Moscow between 1873--1918.This is a part of an upcoming publication of the complete texts of N.P. Vishnyakov's epistolary heritage. Nukolay Petrovich was fully engaged into almost every political and economical process in Moscow during the times of Nicholas II. He was a deputy of the Moscow Duma from 1873 to 1917, with a short break in 1892--1897, a magistrate judge, a well-known geology scientist and ethnographer.For this publication shorten forms of toponymies and some personalized abbreviations have been deciphered. It is sometimes very difficult to follow and understand N.P. Veshnyakov’s handwriting.

Fairuz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Performance Practices ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
First Child ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

The Lebanese singer Fairuz is one of the most popular and critically acclaimed performers in the history of Arab musical arts. Born Nuhad Haddad in 1935, Fairuz attained extraordinary success, in great part, through her cultivation of an exceptional command of the voice, her development of a deep individual artistry, and her solid rooting in the performance practices of Lebanese and Arab art and popular song. From early in her career, this achievement was in collaboration with the Rahbani family of composer-poets. Assi Rahbani (b. 1923–d. 1986) and Mansour Rahbani (b. 1925–d. 2009) were siblings who worked together as the duo known as the Rahbani Brothers. Fairuz and the Rahbani Brothers met at the Lebanese Radio Station, where she took her professional name, and they began a collaboration there that gave rise to their first international hit in 1952. Occasionally, younger brother Elias Rahbani (b. 1938–d. 2021) joined in the composing as well. Following the marriage of Fairuz and Assi in 1954, Fairuz gave birth to their first child, Ziad Rahbani (b. 1956), who was raised in the presence of some of the most accomplished artists from across Arab society and who similarly showed a remarkable aptitude for musical arts early in life. Following the death of Assi in 1986, Ziad became the primary composer for Fairuz, after which her lyrical and musical style to some extent began increasingly to reflect more of the sensibilities of a younger generation. Since their beginnings, the Fairuz-Rahbani team has changed with the times and given rise to a prodigious artistic output that has included the production of operettas, musical theater sketches, musical films, and over a hundred record albums. Thematically, the wide-ranging repertoire has sometimes addressed universalistic spiritual matters with references to God, eternity, prayer, and other mystical subjects. The artists also have presented material of more expressly religious character that mentions churches, mosques, and houses of worship; that covers esteemed geographical locales, such as Jerusalem and Mecca; and that presents traditional repertoire like Good Friday chanting and Christmas carols. While Fairuz and the Rahbani composers are Christians, their repertoire has appealed across society irrespective of religious and sectarian affiliation. In the process, Fairuz has become a multifaceted icon to listeners from diverse backgrounds in Lebanon, throughout the eastern Mediterranean, across Arab society, and in the diaspora. As for transliteration of the names from Arabic into Latin script, “Rahbani” is fairly consistent, but “Rahbany” also occurs. The plural (i.e., three or more) is “Rahabina” and also is found in the forms “Rahbaniyun” and “Rahbaniyin” while in English it appears as “Rahbanis” as well. While the duo of the Rahbani Brothers has been consistently translated into English in this way, the Arabic form is either “al-Akhawan Rahbani” or “al-Akhawayn Rahbani” (i.e., the two Rahbani Brothers). “Fairuz,” which means “turquoise” in Arabic, has numerous variants in transliteration stemming, in part, from the various possibilities for each syllable of the name (e.g., Fairouz, Fayruz, etc.), but some degree of standardization has come, in part, from the use of this spelling by Voix de l’Orient, the record label that has produced the bulk of her recordings.

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