scholarly journals Overview of electronic tongue sensing in environmental aqueous matrices: potential for monitoring emerging organic contaminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Magro ◽  
Eduardo P. Mateus ◽  
Maria Raposo ◽  
Alexandra B. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Emerging Organic Contaminants

Emerging organic contaminants (EOC) are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that have the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and human health effects. Despite not being commonly monitored, EOC are often detected in effluents and water bodies because of their inefficient removal in conventional wastewater treatment plants. There is a growing concern about the presence and impact of EOC as well as the need for reliable and effective water monitoring using sensors capable of detecting the target molecules in complex media. Due to their specificities, such as fast response times, low cost, portability and user-friendly operation, electronic tongue (e-tongue) systems present some advantages over the traditional analytical techniques (e.g., chromatographic systems) used for environmental monitoring. We reviewed e-tongue sensors, focusing on their ability for real-time environmental monitoring. A bibliometric evaluation was carried out, along with a study of the status of the existing e-tongue systems, how they worked, and their applications in different fields. The potential of e-tongue sensors to detect organic contaminants in aqueous environmental matrices is discussed, with a particular focus on EOC.

Portable, Low-Cost, Solid-State Luminescence-Based O2 Sensor

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Neal Watkins ◽  
Brett R. Wenner ◽  
Jeffrey D. Jordan ◽  
Wenying Xu ◽  
James N. Demas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Color Filter ◽  
Silicon Photodiode

A novel sensor for quantifying molecular O2 based entirely on solid-state electronics is presented. The sensor is based on the luminescence quenching of tris(4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(dpp)3]2+) by molecular O2. The sensor involves immobilizing the ruthenium complex within a porous sol-gel-processed glass film and casting this film directly onto the surface of a blue quantum-well light-emitting diode (LED). The ruthenium complex is excited by the LED, the [Ru(dpp)3]2+ emission is filtered from the excitation with a low-cost acrylic color filter, and the emission is detected with an inexpensive silicon photodiode. The sensor response to gaseous O2 and dissolved O2 in water is presented. The sensor exhibits fast response times and good reversibility, and detection limits are 0.5%, 0.02%, and 110 ppb, respectively, for O2 in the gaseous (linear Stern–Vobner and multi-site Stern–Volmer analysis) and aqueous phase. This sensor provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional electrochemical-based O2 sensing and also provides a platform for other optically based sensors.

Parallel Architectures for MEDLINE Search

2008 ◽  
pp. 1048-1055
Author(s):  
Rajendra V. Boppana ◽  
Suresh Chalasani ◽  
Bob Badgett ◽  
Jacqueline A. Pugh
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Parallel Architectures ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Medline Database ◽  
Performance Computing

In this article, we describe a parallel architecture for MEDLINE database integrated with search refinement tools to facilitate accurate and fast response to search requests by users. The proposed architecture, to be developed by the authors, will use low-cost, high-performance computing clusters consisting of Linux based personal computers and workstations (i) to provide subsecond response times for individual searches and (ii) to support several concurrent queries from search refinement programs such as SUMSearch.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal/Toxins Detection Using Electronic Tongues

Chemosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Shimizu ◽  
Maria Braunger ◽  
Antonio Riul
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Tongue ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Easy Integration ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Interesting Alternative

The growing concern for sustainability and environmental preservation has increased the demand for reliable, fast response, and low-cost devices to monitor the existence of heavy metals and toxins in water resources. An electronic tongue (e-tongue) is a multisensory array mostly based on electroanalytical methods and multivariate statistical techniques to facilitate information visualization in a qualitative and/or quantitative way. E-tongues are promising analytical devices having simple operation, fast response, low cost, easy integration with other systems (microfluidic, optical, etc) to enable miniaturization and provide a high sensitivity for measurements in complex liquid media, providing an interesting alternative to address many of the existing environmental monitoring challenges, specifically relevant emerging pollutants such as heavy metals and toxins.

A critical review of the occurrence, detection, and treatment of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in aquatic environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ri Park ◽  
Allison L. Mackie ◽  
Graham A. Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Emerging Organic Contaminants

The main psychoactive compound in marijuana, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its metabolites are emerging organic contaminants that have been detected in waste and surface waters around the globe. This paper aims to review the recent literature regarding the detection, occurrence, and treatment of THC and its main metabolites, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). Detection methods for THC, THC-OH, THC-COOH, and other cannabinoids have advanced in recent years with the development of sensitive analytical techniques (e.g., gas chromatography or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry). Using online or offline solid phase extraction (SPE) has enabled detection at nanogram and picogram per litre concentrations. THC-COOH has been detected in untreated and treated wastewater up to 2500 and 750 ng·L–1, surface water over 500 ng·L–1, and tap water up to 1 ng·L–1. Adsorption is likely a significant pathway for the removal of THC that is unmetabolized in wastewater or surface water, due to its low aqueous solubility. THC and THC-COOH have been shown to cause oxidative stress to aquatic species. The few studies of potential treatments for THC-COOH have shown that chlorination and UV oxidation lead to potentially form transformation by-products, which would be toxic in aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Sensors, Biosensors, and Analytical Technologies for Aquaculture Water Quality

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Su ◽  
Laura Sutarlie ◽  
Xian Jun Loh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Aquaculture Water

In aquaculture industry, fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants are cultivated in fresh, salt, or brackish waters. The increasing demand of aquatic products has stimulated the rapid growth of aquaculture industries. How to effectively monitor and control water quality is one of the key concerns for aquaculture industry to ensure high productivity and high quality. There are four major categories of water quality concerns that affect aquaculture cultivations, namely, (1) physical parameters, e.g., pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity, (2) organic contaminants, (3) biochemical hazards, e.g., cyanotoxins, and (4) biological contaminants, i.e., pathogens. While the physical parameters are affected by climate changes, the latter three are considered as environmental factors. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of sensors, biosensors, and analytical technologies available for monitoring aquaculture water quality. They include low-cost commercial sensors and sensor network setups for physical parameters. They also include chromatography, mass spectrometry, biochemistry, and molecular methods (e.g., immunoassays and polymerase chain reaction assays), culture-based method, and biophysical technologies (e.g., biosensors and nanosensors) for environmental contamination factors. According to the different levels of sophistication of various analytical techniques and the information they can provide (either fine fingerprint, highly accurate quantification, semiquantification, qualitative detection, or fast screening), we will comment on how they may be used as complementary tools, as well as their potential and gaps toward current demand of real-time, online, and/or onsite detection.

Trends in the Bioremediation of Pharmaceuticals and Other Organic Contaminants Using Native or Genetically Modified Microbial Strains: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 787-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas S. Petsas ◽  
Maria C. Vagi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Microbial Strains

Nowadays, numerous synthetic and semisynthetic chemicals are extensively produced and consequently used worldwide for many different purposes, such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, hydrocarbons with aromatic rings (known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs), multi-substituted biphenyls with halogens (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs), and many other toxic and persistent chemical species. The presence of the aforementioned xenobiotic substances not only in various environmental matrices (water, air, and soil), but also in biological tissues (organisms) as well as in several compartments of raw or processed food (of fruit, vegetal, and animal origin), has raised global scientific concerns regarding their potential toxicity towards non target organisms including humans. Additionally, the ability of those persistent organic pollutants to be magnified via food consumption (food chain) has become a crucial threat to human health. Microbial degradation is considered an important route influencing the fate of those toxicants in each matrix. The technique of bioremediation, either with microorganisms (native or genetically modified) which are applied directly (in a reactor or in situ), or with cell extracts or purified enzymes preparations, is reported as a low cost and potential detoxification technology for the removal of toxic chemicals. The sources and toxic impacts of target groups of chemicals are briefly presented in the present study, whereas the bioremediation applications for the removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic contaminants using microbial strains are critically reviewed. All the recently published data concerning the genes encoding the relevant enzymes that catalyze the degradation reactions, the mechanisms of reactions and parameters that influence the bioremediation process are discussed. Finally, research needs and future trends in the direction of decontamination are high-lightened.

A Novel Sensor for Improving Flame Stability of Gas Fired Gas Turbine by Continuously Monitoring Fuel Gas Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Flot ◽  
Alexis Duval ◽  
Mathias Digneton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Rapid Changes

Abstract Gas networks are interconnected and strategically linked to multiple sources. Because of this, the quality of gas can change rapidly at a given location when switching from one source to another. When this occurs, these rapid changes can result in flashback or flame extinction. To overcome combustion issues and instabilities of gas fired gas turbines due to the variability of gas incoming gas quality, a new sensor called NIRIS NG has been designed which analyzes the natural gas composition at the inlet of the turbine burners. The design of the NIRIS NG sensor boasts a short response time (less than one second), easy installation, simple maintenance, and low cost. This is primarily because unlike other gas quality sensors, the NIRIS NG sensor is based on spectrometry technology and the sensor has been specifically engineered for installation on turbine applications. By employing spectrometry, the NIRIS NG sensor is performing a technological breakthrough by using low cost optical components and proprietary signal treatment software within robust packaging that can sustain the vibration and heat over extended periods. The gas-pipe-plugged sensor provides fast response times and transmits the data to the turbine controller using CAN protocol. This paper will describe in detail the sensor hardware and software technologies, validation testing that has been completed to date, and the expected advantages on industrial gas fired gas turbines.

scholarly journals Titania nano-coated quartz wool for the photocatalytic mineralisation of emerging organic contaminants

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saracino ◽  
L. Pretali ◽  
M. L. Capobianco ◽  
S. S. Emmi ◽  
M. L. Navacchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Quartz Wool ◽  
Emerging Organic Contaminants ◽  
Contaminant Remediation ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Abstract Many emerging contaminants pass through conventional wastewater treatment plants, contaminating surface and drinking water. The implementation of advanced oxidation processes in existing plants for emerging contaminant remediation is one of the challenges for the enhancement of water quality in the industrialised countries. This paper reports on the production of a TiO2 nano-layer on quartz wool in a relevant amount, its characterisation by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and its use as a photocatalyst under ultraviolet radiation for the simultaneous mineralisation of five emerging organic contaminants (benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and triton X-100) dissolved in deionised water and tap water. This treatment was compared with direct ultraviolet photolysis and with photocatalytic degradation on commercial TiO2 micropearls. The disappearance of every pollutant was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and mineralisation was assessed by the determination of total organic carbon. After 4 hours of treatment with the TiO2 nano-coated quartz wool, the mineralisation exceeds 90% in deionised water and is about 70% in tap water. This catalyst was reused for seven cycles without significant efficiency loss.

Emerging investigators series: occurrence and fate of emerging organic contaminants in wastewater treatment plants with an enhanced nitrification step

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1412-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Xing ◽  
Yaochun Yu ◽  
Yujie Men
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Emerging Organic Contaminants

The goal of this study is to investigate the occurrence and removal of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) during wastewater treatment processes and understand the role of enhanced nitrification treatment in removing EOCs.

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