scholarly journals Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Chunjie wei ◽  
Anam Khalid ◽  
Zaigui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract Background The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors. A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups. Results In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21, IL- β expression in spleen and kidney were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken. Conclusion Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.

scholarly journals Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaigui Wang ◽  
Ru Yang ◽  
Salman Khan ◽  
Chunjie wei ◽  
Hu Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups

Abstract The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis (BS) on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet, BD), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups. In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21 expression were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken. The most important inflammatory factor such as IL-1β expressions in spleen and kidney were significantly increased in the current data. Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.

scholarly journals Effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity in female broiler chicks

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Santoso ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
S. Ohtani
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Treatment Groups

To investigate the effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity, female broiler chicks were fed on either no additive (control) or dried B. subtills-culture-supplemented commercial diets (215 g crude protein/kg, 12.85 MJ metabolizable energy/kg) at 10 or 20 g/kg diet for 28 d from 14 to 42 d of age. Body weight, and moisture, fat, protein and ash contents of the body were not influenced by the B. subtilis culture. Feed efficiency. N utilization, the ratio of abdominal fat or liver to body weight, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6·4·1·2) activity, liver and serum cholesterol contents were significantly lower in treatment groups, while fatty acid synthetase activity and serum cholesterol concentration were not significantly different, compared with the control group. Liver triacylglycerol concentration was decreased in chicks given 20 g culture·kg diet, while serum and carcass triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly lower in treatment groups than in the control group. Serum phospholipid concentration was increased but carcass phospholipid concentration was decreased in chicks given 20 g B. subtilis/kg diet, while liver phospholipid concentration was not significantly influenced. The advantages of inclusion of B. subtilis to the broiler diet included improved feed efficiency, less abdominal fat, reduced triacylglycerol concentrations in the liver, serum and carcass and reduced cholesterol concentrations in the liver and carcass.

scholarly journals Feeding Artemia nauplii enriched with the probiotic bacterium Bacillus subtilis improved growth performance, survival and digestive enzyme activity of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Kamble ◽  
A.K. Sahu ◽  
S. Mohanty ◽  
S.K. Sahoo ◽  
K. Murmu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Artemia Nauplii

Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae were subjected to different modes of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) administration such as:  T1: feeding Artemia nauplii enriched with B. subtilis; T2: feeding enriched Artemianauplii + addition of B. subtilis in water  and T3: addition of B. subtilis in water alone, for a period of 14 days. A control group (T0) with no probiotic administration was also maintained. On termination of the experiment, probiotic supplemented through enriched Artemia nauplii along with addition in  water (T2) yielded significantly (p<0.05) higher length,  weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and survival compared to control (T0) and T3 groups. All these parameters did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between T1 and T2. Similar trend was observed in the case of total gut bacterial count and digestive enzyme activity. The highest (p<0.05) digestive enzyme activity of protease, lipase and amylase   were recorded in T2, while no significant (p>0.05) difference was observed between T2 and T1. The present study reiterated the advantage of B. subtilis, and its administration through enriched Artemia nauplii which could be a promising supplementation mode during C. batrachus larval rearing.

scholarly journals Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 and enzymes, alone or in combination, as alternatives for antibiotics to improve growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, anti-oxidative status, immune response and the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Chianning Heng ◽  
Xihong Zhou ◽  
Guangtian Cao ◽  
Lei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 (Ba) and enzymes (xylanase and β-glucanases; Enz), alone or in combination (BE) as antibiotic replacements, on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune response and the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens. In total, 1200 1-d-old broilers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments, each with six replicate pens of forty birds for 63 d as follows: (a) basal diet (control), supplemented with (b) 1 × 109 colony-forming units (cfu)/kg Ba, (c) 300 mg/kg Enz, (d) 1 × 109 cfu/kg Ba and 300 mg/kg Enz and (e) 250 mg/kg enramycin (ER). Ba, Enz and BE, similar to ER, decreased the feed conversion rate, maintained intestinal integrity with a higher villus height:crypt depth ratio and increased the numbers of goblet cells. The BE group exhibited higher expression of claudin-1 and mucin 2 than the other four groups. BE supplementation significantly increased the α-diversity and β-diversity of the intestinal microbiota and markedly enhanced lipase activity in the duodenal mucosa. Serum endotoxin was significantly decreased in the BE group. Compared with those in the control group, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed in the jejunal mucosa of the Ba and BE groups, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggested that dietary treatment with Ba, Enz or BE has beneficial effects on growth performance and anti-oxidative capacity, and BE had better effects than Ba or Enz alone on digestive enzyme activity and the intestinal microbiota. Ba or Enz could be used as an alternative to antibiotics for broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of different carbon sources on growth, non-specific immunity and digestive enzyme activity of amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepede 1803) fingerlings in biofloc based rearing system using inland saline groundwater

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ezhilarasi ◽  
A.K. Verma ◽  
A.M. Babitha Rani ◽  
V. Harikrishna ◽  
M.H. Chandrakant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Tapioca Flour

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different carbon sources in biofloc based system for rearing amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus Lacepede 1803) fingerlings in inland saline groundwater. The study was undertaken in a complete randomised design (CRD) where each treatment was performed in triplicate. The experimental unit consisted of four different carbon sources viz., T1 (tapioca flour), T2 (wheat flour), T3 (rice bran), T4 (jaggery) and control (C) with water exchange for a duration of 45 days. Each tank (500 l) was stocked with 30 fingerlings with an average body weight of 11.17±0.34 g. At the end of the rearing period, biofloc based treatments showed significantly better growth performance compared to control. Among the treatments, jaggery based biofloc system showed the highest biomass (629.4±1.58 g), specific growth rate, SGR (1.32±0.03 % day-1), protein efficiency ratio, PER (0.29±0.05), and lowest feed conversion ratio, FCR (0.56±0.03). Digestive enzymes of the biofloc reared fishes showed enhanced activity compared to control group. Jaggery based biofloc (T4) showed significantly higher non-specific immune response in terms of respiratory burst activity (1.14±0.01), superoxide dismutase (44.59±0.19 U mg protein-1) and catalase (1.59 ± 0.01 U mg protein-1) activity compared to other biofloc treatments and the control. The present study concluded that jaggery is best as compared to others carbon sources tested (tapioca flour, wheat flour and rice bran) for better growth, non-specific immunity and digestive enzyme activity of amur carp fingerlings in biofloc based rearing system using inland saline groundwater.

scholarly journals Mannan Oligosaccharide Enhanced the Growth Rate, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Carcass Composition, and Blood Chemistry of Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Fawzy I. Magouz ◽  
Mohamed I. Bassuini ◽  
Malik M. Khalafalla ◽  
Ramy Abbas ◽  
Hani Sewilam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide

Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) is prebiotic with high functionality in aquaculture. The current study investigated the potential roles of MOS on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, carcass composition, and blood chemistry of Thinlip grey mullet (Liza ramada). Four tested diets with 34.49% crude protein and 6.29% of total lipids were prepared and fortified with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% MOS. Fish of initial weight = 5.14 ± 0.11 g/fish were distributed in 12 hapas (0.5 × 0.5 × 1 m) at 15 fish per hapa (triplicates) and fed the test diets to the satiation level two times a day (08:00 and 15:00) for eight weeks. At the end of the trial, all fish were weighed individually for growth performance calculation. Blood was collected to check blood chemistry traits, and intestines were dissected for digestive enzyme analysis. Fish treated with MOS had marked enhancement in the final body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein gain, and protein retention regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Insignificant influences of MOS were seen on the chemical composition of carcass components (moisture, crude protein, total lipids, and ash) (p > 0.05). Fish treated with MOS at 0.5 and 1% had marked enhancement in the amylase, lipase, and protease activities regardless of inclusion dose (p < 0.05). The blood total protein and albumin levels were meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 0.5 and 1%, followed by fish fed with 2% MOS, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). The blood globulin was significantly enhanced in fish fed 1% MOS than fish treated with 0, 0.5, and 2% of MOS (p < 0.05). The blood lysozyme activity was meaningfully enhanced by including MOS at 1%, followed by fish treated with 0.5 and 2%, while the lowest values were in the control group (p < 0.05). Phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were markedly improved in fish treated with 1 and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were markedly improved in fish treated with 1, and 2% MOS, followed by those fed 0.5% compared with fish fed MOS-free diet (p < 0.05). Dietary MOS (0.5, 1, and 2%) meaningfully enhanced catalase activity while decreased the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary MOS is required at 0.5–1% for enhancing the growth rate, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, blood chemistry, and antioxidative capacity of grey mullet.

scholarly journals Effects of chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weaned pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
B. Shi ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
J. Li ◽  
T. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Weaned Pigs

The present experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities in weaned pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs (35 days of age, 11.56 &plusmn; 1.61 kg of body weight (BW)) were selected and assigned randomly to 5 treatments containing 0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan per kg feed, respectively. Each treatment involved six replicate pens and six pigs per pen. On days 14 and 28, all pigs were weighed and six from each treatment (one from each replicate pen) were killed, and the contents of the stomach, jejunum, and rectum were collected and used for determining nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity. The results showed that supplementation of chitosan improved quadratically average daily gain (ADG) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, dietary chitosan quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) increased apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) on days 14 and 28, and quadratically increased apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) on day 14 and of Ca and P on day 28, whereas decreased (P &lt; 0.05) apparent digestibility of ether extract in comparison with the control diet. In addition, dietary chitosan quadratically increased (P = 0.062) amylase activity of proximal jejunum and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) lipase activity of distal jejunum compared with the control. These data indicated that diets supplemented with increasing levels of chitosan (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan per kg) quadratically improved ADG of weaned pigs. The growth-promoting action was achieved probably by improved digestibility of major nutrients (DM, CP, Ca, and&nbsp;P) and increased amylase activity of jejunum. &nbsp;

EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DRIED TAMARIND PULP ON MEAT CHOLESTEROL, CARCASS YIELD, DRESSING PERCENTAGE AND ABDOMINAL FAT OF BROILER CHICKEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.V. Patil ◽  
G.B. Shinde ◽  
A.B. Kanduri ◽  
P.H. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Control Group Group

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of different levels of dried Tamarind pulp on meat cholesterol, carcass yield and dressing percentage of broiler chicken. 300 healthy day old commercial broiler chicks of Vencob’ strain were selected and divided into five groups of 60 chicks in each group, three replicates of 20 birds in each group. The chicks of control group (Group I) were fed with standard broiler diet without dried Tamarind pulp, whereas dried Tamarind pulp was supplemented @250 gm, 500 gm, 1000 gm and 1500 gm per 100 kg of broiler ration respectively to groups -II, III, IV and V.The meat cholesterol was found to be significantly lower in treatments groups than in control group. However, carcass yield and dressing percentage of treatment groups were significantly higher than control Group.The carcass yield and dressing percentage were increased and meat cholesterol level was decreased on supplementation of dried Tamarind pulp in broiler rations.

Evaluation of aspirin (ASA) in broiler chicken during hot dry summer using zoo technical, molecular and physio-biochemical tools

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Rokade ◽  
S.K. Bhanja ◽  
A.S. Shinde ◽  
Sajjad, Darshana ◽  
B. Bhaisare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Heat Stressor

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of aspirin as anti-heat stressor. Broiler chicks were reared on a standard diet up to 14 days of age. Thereafter, the chicks were randomly distributed into three dietary treatment groups viz., T1 (Control group: Standard diet), T2 (Standard diet with aspirin@250 mg/kg) and T3 (Standard diet with aspirin@500 mg/kg). Each treatment was having five replicates of eight birds per replicate. Experiment was carried out during hot-dry (April-May, 30.0±0.70 to 37.0±1.40C, Rh, %: 58.05±1.32 to 70.11±0.82) summer. Feed intake and live weight gain was comparable among the treatments but FCR, protein and energy efficiency improved significantly (P less than 0.001) on aspirin supplementation. The relative yield of thymus and bursa at 4th and 6th week of age improved significantly (P less than 0.05). The percentage of protein, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) increased significantly (P less than 0.001) due to aspirin supplementation at 4th as well as 6th week of age. While H:L ratio, serum corticosteron and serum cholesterol (only at 42nd day of age) decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) in aspirin supplemented groups at 28th as well as 42nd day of age. Supplementation of aspirin at 500 mg/kg reduced relative expression of HSP70 in jejunum tissues during 28th or 42nd day of age. It can be concluded that aspirin supplementation 500 mg/kg in diet of heat stressed broilers improved performance as well as welfare..

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