Probable Effects of Proposed Passamaquoddy Power Project on Oceanographic Conditions

1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Trites
Keyword(s):  
Deep Layer ◽  
High Water ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Power Project ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The proposed Passamaquoddy power project involves the construction of a series of dams across the mouth of Passamaquoddy and Cobscook Bays. Passamaquoddy Bay, the proposed high pool, will be filled near high water by 90 filling gates, and Cobscook Bay, the proposed low pool, will be emptied near low water by 70 emptying gates. Water will flow continuously from the high pool to the low pool, through a 30-turbine powerhouse. Tidal range will be reduced to approximately 4 and 8 ft in the high and low pools respectively. The effect of this proposed installation on oceanographic conditions in the region has been considered. It is concluded that currents, within the impounded bays and in the area lying inside the Bliss Island–Head Harbour region, will be altered markedly. In the outer Quoddy Region, tidal stream directions will be altered only slightly, while the changes in speed will probably not exceed 20% of their present value. No significant change in residual flow is expected outside the Quoddy Region. Not more than a 1% increase in tidal range is anticipated for the entire Bay of Fundy. Inside the impounded bays, there will be increased stratification. Seasonal variations in temperature of the surface layer will be increased. The summer maximum is expected to reach 20 °C and the winter minimum will be less than 0 °C. Ice cover is expected to occur over part of the impounded waters. Salinities at the surface will be reduced. Only minor changes in temperature and salinity of the deep layer are anticipated. No significant changes are expected in temperature or salinity in the outer Quoddy Region.

Energy Considerations in the Bay of Fundy System

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Mixed State ◽  
Roughness Length ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Tidal Friction ◽  
Roughness Elements ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Size

Following developments of Taylor, Allard and Redfield, the rates at which energy is dissipated in the Bay of Fundy in various ways are calculated. A total of 30.9 × 106 kw. is transmitted into the bay of which 1.26 × 106 kw. is transmitted into Passamaquoddy Bay. Work is done on the moon at the rate of 2.48 × 106 kw. and 0.03 × 106 kw. is used to maintain the mixed state in the waters of the Bay of Fundy. The remaining 27.1 × 106 kw. must be dissipated by tidal friction. This value is compatible with the usual concepts of turbulent flow over a rough surface if the "roughness length" (Z0) is equal to 0.4 cm. or the average size of the roughness elements (E) is about 11 cm.The effect which the extraction of additional power from the system would have on tidal ranges is evaluated. The range at the head of the Bay of Fundy would decrease at the rate of 0.84 foot (26 cm.) for each million kilowatts. The proposed Passamaquoddy Project would probably increase the mean tidal range at Hopewell Cape by 0.6 foot (18 cm.)

Dynamics and Environmental Effects of Ice in the Cumberland Basin of the Bay of Fundy

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1331-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Gordon Jr. ◽  
Con Desplanque
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Power Project ◽  
Basin Area

Ice occurs in the upper reaches of the Bay of Fundy from December to April and conditions are influenced by the macrotides characteristic of the area. Drift ice forms on the seawater surface and because of almost constant movement in tidal currents is composed of small, rounded pieces. Shorefast ice develops from the stranding of drift ice between the neap and spring high water levels. Drift ice can also strand during ebb tide on intertidal salt marshes and mudflats which together comprise two-thirds of the Cumberland Basin area. Intertidal sediments can freeze to form a frozen crust, and sheet ice can form where salinity and tidal energy are low. Shorefast ice can significantly reduce the cross-sectional area of tidal rivers and encourage flooding. Stranded drift ice can import sediment and export plant debris from salt marshes. Mudflats are heavily scoured by ice all winter which causes erosion and mortality of benthic organisms. Construction of a tidal power project would change ice properties considerably.

scholarly journals The Uplift of Unteraargletscher at the Beginning of the Melt Season—A Consequence of Water Storage at the Bed?

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (101) ◽  
pp. 28-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iken ◽  
H. Röthlisberger ◽  
A. Flotron ◽  
W. Haeberli
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
High Water ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Cavity Development ◽  
The Times

Abstract Results of systematic movement studies carried out by means of an automatic camera on Unteraargletscher since 1969 are discussed together with supplementary theodolite measurements made at shorter intervals and over a longer section of the glacier. In addition to the typical spring/early summer maximum of velocity known from other glaciers, an upward movement of up to 0.6 m has been recorded at the beginning of the melt season. It was followed, after a few fluctuations of the vertical velocity, by an equal but slower downward movement which continued at an almost constant rate for about three months. Possible explanations of the uplift are discussed, the most satisfactory explanation being water storage at the bed. The observations then suggest that this storage system is efficiently connected with the main subglacial drainage channels only during times of very high water pressure in the channels. Detailed measurements showed that the times of maximum horizontal velocity coincided with the times of maximum upward velocity rather than with the times when the elevation of the surveyed poles had reached a maximum. On the basis of the hypothesis of water storage at the bed this finding means that the sliding velocity is influenced mainly by the subglacial water pressure and the actual, transient stage of cavity development, while the amount of stored water is of lesser influence.

Effects of Proposed Passamaquoddy Power Project on Anadromous Fishes in Canadian Waters

1960 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Kerswill
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Sport Fishery ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Power Project

Atlantic salmon, smelt, alewives, shad, eastern brook trout, and introduced brown trout occur in waters that will be affected by the Passamaquoddy power project. The first four species are taken occasionally in herring weirs but total annual landed values did not exceed $6,000 in the period 1937 to 1956. Salmon and trout have high potential value for angling, subject to improvements in local river management.Construction of tidal power dams should overcome the present lack of typical estuarine conditions in the Passamaquoddy area and favour production of anadromous species. An improved sport fishery for sea-run trout could develop. Realization of the potential production of Atlantic salmon, alewives and shad, but possibly not sea-run trout, would depend on satisfactory access from the Bay of Fundy to the impounded areas.

scholarly journals Tidal Energy: Perspective of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asadul Haque ◽  
Mst Sujata Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tidal Data ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
Tidal Power Generation ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Bangladesh is blessed by the nature with renewable resources that are used all over the world in a wide range but in our country it is limited. The country has vast ocean area with various power resources such as Wave energy, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) and Tidal energy. In the Bay of Bengal, the tidal range and tidal stream speed indicate the potentiality of tidal power generation in Bangladesh. This paper describes various methods of utilizing tidal power to generate electricity and assess the tidal energy resources of three potential sites of Bangladesh. The tidal data recorded by the Department of Hydrography of The Chittagong Port Authority (CPA) and Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA) have been analyzed. This study clearly indicates the bright prospects of tidal power in Bangladesh.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 2, 201-215, 2017

Intertidal zonation and seasonality of the marine hydroid Dynamena pumila (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526-1536
Author(s):  
Lea-Anne Henry
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Number Of Branches

The vertical zonation and temporal dynamics of the marine hydroid Dynamena pumila were assessed across a wave-exposure gradient on five rocky shores in the Bay of Fundy, Atlantic Canada. Hydroid abundance and occupancy (i.e., percentage occurrence in a quadrat) were measured in 0.25-m2 quadrats at eight vertical elevations for each site over four consecutive seasons. Hydroid abundance and occupancy were highly correlated (R2 = 0.877). Estimates of hydroid fertility (percentage of sexually reproductive colonies) and size (stem height and number of branches) were obtained in five quadrats at every elevation over the four seasons. Abundance peaked at about 37.5–62.5% of the mean tidal range, with maximum abundance at the site with moderate wave exposure. Abundance peaked during the summer and dropped dramatically over the winter, particularly at the more wave-exposed sites. Winter ice scour and unfavourable environmental conditions reduced hydroid abundance, fertility, and size during the winter. This study demonstrates dramatic shifts in the distribution, fertility, and size of a marine hydroid. The importance of wave action, ice scour, and seasonal changes in environmental conditions is highlighted to emphasize their roles in regulating intertidal hydroid communities on boreal rocky shores.

Uncertainty in coastal flooding: modelling and visualisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Maskell
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
High Water ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Flood Maps

<p>Two case studies are considered in the UK, where uncertainty and drivers of coastal flood risk are explored through modelling and visualisations. Visualising the impact of uncertainty is a useful way of explaining the potential range of predicted or simulated flood risk to both expert and non-expert stakeholders.</p><p>Significant flooding occurred in December 2013 and January 2017 at Hornsea on the UK East Coast, where storm surge levels and waves overtopped the town’s coastal defences. Uncertainty in the potential coastal flooding is visualised at Hornsea due to the range of uncertainty in the 100-year return period water level and in the calculated overtopping due to 3 m waves at the defences. The range of uncertainty in the simulated flooding is visualised through flood maps, where various combinations of the uncertainties decrease or increase the simulated inundated area by 58% and 82% respectively.</p><p>Located at the mouth of the Mersey Estuary and facing the Irish Sea, New Brighton is affected by a large tidal range with potential storm surge and large waves. Uncertainty in the coastal flooding at the 100-year return period due to the combination of water levels and waves is explored through Monte-Carlo analysis and hydrodynamic modelling. Visualisation through flood maps shows that the inundation extent at New Brighton varies significantly for combined wave and surge events with a joint probability of 100 years, where the total flooded area ranges from 0 m<sup>2</sup> to 10,300 m<sup>2</sup>. Waves are an important flood mechanism at New Brighton but are dependent on high water levels to impact the coastal defences and reduce the effective freeboard. The combination of waves and high-water levels at this return level not only determine the magnitude of the flood extent but also the spatial characteristics of the risk, whereby flooding of residential properties is dominated by overflow from high water levels, and commercial and leisure properties are affected by large waves that occur when the water level is relatively high at the defences.</p>

The nature and significance of microatolls

1978 ◽  
Vol 284 (999) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Upward Growth ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Water Springs

Microatolls, those coral colonies with dead, flat tops and living perimeters, result from a restriction of upward growth by the air/water interface. The principal growth direction is horizontal and is recorded in the internal structure, though fluctuations in water depth can influence the surface morphology producing a terraced effect. The morphology of the basal surface of the colony is controlled by the sand/water interface such that the thickness of the coral records the depth of water in which it lived. In open water at the margin of reefs in the Northern Province of the Great Barrier Reef, tall-sided uneven-topped microatolls live, whereas, on the reef flats in rampart-bounded moats and ponds, thin flat-topped and terraced microatolls are abundant. Because water in moats can be ponded to levels as high as high water neaps (1.6 m above datum at Cairns) and still have daily water replenishment, microatolls on reef flats can grow to levels 1.1 m higher than open-water microatolls (which grow up to a maximum elevation of low water springs, i.e. 0.5 m above datum). This imposes a major constraint on the use of microatolls in establishing sea level history. The two factors controlling pond height during one sea stand (relative to the reef) are tidal range (which governs the height of high water neaps) and wave energy (which governs the height of ramparts which enclose moats). Dating and levelling fossil microatolls exposed on the reefs show that 4000 years (a) B.P., high water neaps was at least 0.7 m higher than it is at present.

Caligus elongatus (Copepoda: Caligoida) from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cultured in marine waters of the Lower Bay of Fundy

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Hogans ◽  
Deborah J. Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay

The occurrence of Caligus elongatus on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) cultured in marine waters in the Passamaquoddy Bay region of the lower Bay of Fundy is reported. Two size classes of cultured salmon (smolts and market size) were examined. Prevalence of C. elongatus was 54.5% on market fish and 54.7% on smolts. Intensities of infection for market fish and smolts were recorded as 2.41 and 2.58, respectively. Overall sex ratio of adult C. elongatus on infected salmon was 1:1.4 females to males; mean number of eggs per gravid female C. elongatus was 169.

A new secondary ecotope for talitrids: driftwood in the Bay of Fundy

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 737-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Wildish ◽  
Shawn M. C. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
White Cedar ◽  
Tidal Forces ◽  
Rotting Wood ◽  
Passamaquoddy Bay ◽  
Eastern White Cedar ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Initial Entry

Platorchestia platensis (Amphipoda, Talitridae) was previously known ecologically as a wrack generalist, but here we describe a secondary driftwood ecotope for this species. The trophic dependence of driftwood-acclimated P. platensis on rotting wood was confirmed by successfully culturing it within driftwood, without further addition of food. The stranded driftwood in which P. platensis was found contained gribble burrows (round and of 0.6 to 5 mm diameter). We hypothesize that P. platensis used the empty gribble burrows for interspecific squatting (to gain initial entry to driftwood and for shelter). We found eleven driftwood depositories in a 230 km length of shoreline in Passamaquoddy Bay. The commonest driftwood was of spruce and eastern white cedar. The small marsh at Hartley Cove contained a driftwood depository, where the new driftwood ecotope was discovered. This site was studied temporally to understand how wind and tidal forces might affect import and export of driftwood.

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