Lipids and Fatty Acids of the American (Crassostrea virginica) and European Flat (Ostrea edulis) Oysters from a Common Habitat, and After One Feeding with Dicrateria inornata or Isochrysis galbana

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
R. G. Ackman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Unusual Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The oysters Crassostrea virginica and Ostrea edulis from a common habitat showed species-oriented fatty acid composition patterns for total lipids and lipid fractions. Attempts to modify these patterns by offering the unicellular algae Dicrateria inornata and Isochrysis galbana as food suggest that the oysters rapidly convert qualitatively or quantitatively unusual fatty acids to these species-oriented compositions, although only in the combination of D. inornata and O. edulis was enough fatty acid taken up to modify the oyster fatty acid composition in an easily detectable way. The unusual C22 nonmethylene-interrupted diunsaturated fatty acid components were not found in the O. edulis used for this study.

scholarly journals Changes in plasma fatty acid composition after intake of a standardised breakfast in prepubertal obese children

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gil-Campos ◽  
E. Larqué ◽  
M. C. Ramírez-Tortosa ◽  
J. Linde ◽  
I. Villada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Obese patients typically show a pattern of dyslipidaemia and changes in plasma fatty acid composition reflecting abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism and dietary habits. Animals and obese adults have been widely studied; however, contradictory results have been published in children. The objective was to assess changes in plasma fatty acid composition in total plasma lipids and plasma lipid fractions in obese prepubertal children compared with those of normal weight and to evaluate changes in postprandial plasma fatty acids during a 3 h period after intake of a standardised breakfast. The study was a case–control study with thirty-four obese and twenty normal-weight prepubertal children (Tanner 1). Anthropometric and metabolic variables and fatty acid concentrations were measured in plasma and its fractions. Liquid chromatography was used to separate lipid fractions and GLC to quantify fatty acids. Plasma total fatty acids (TFA), SFA, MUFA and PUFA concentrations were higher in obese than in control children. Except for 18 : 0, 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 4n-6 and n-3 PUFA, all fatty acids in TAG were also elevated in the obese group. Fatty acids 16 : 1n-7, 18 : 0, 18 : 1n-9, 20 : 2n-6, TFA and MUFA significantly decreased between the 2nd and 3rd hour in normal-weight v. obese children. The concentration of 16 : 1n-7 was positively and the proportion of 20 : 4n-6 inversely associated with a significant increase in risk of obesity. Obese prepubertal children show an altered plasma fatty acid profile and concentrations, mainly related to the TAG fatty acid profile, with a lower clearance of fatty acids v. normal-weight prepubertal children.

Fatty Acid Composition of Early Non-Feeding Larvae of the European Flat Oyster, Ostrea Edulis

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Helm ◽  
D. L. Holland ◽  
S. D. Utting ◽  
J. East
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Flat Oyster

A total of 113 broods of Ostrea edulis L. larvae from a closely-controlled hatchery conditioning regime, from specific broodstock treatments, and from brooding oysters taken from a wild population in Poole Harbour, was analysed for fatty acid composition. Major differences in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were detected as the year proceeded, with increased levels of 20:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3) from late June. Significant decreases in the PUFA content of both phospholipids and neutral lipids accompanied development from fertilized eggs to immediately pre-liberation larvae, but there was some evidence that the 20:4 (n-6) and 22:6 (n-3) content of phospholipids was protected. Fatty acid composition and content of newly liberated larvae were influenced by conditions during broodstock fattening and early gametogenesis (phospholipids) and by conditions during the later stages of oocyte development (neutral lipids).

Distribution of Fatty Acids in Cod Flesh Lipids

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2083-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Addison ◽  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
J. Hingley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Cod flesh lipids were separated by silicic acid chromatography into eight fractions, and the fatty acid distribution in five of these was examined by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). As compared with the fatty acid composition of total flesh lipids, sterol esters contained less 16:0 but more 20:5ω3; ethanolamine phosphatides contained less 16:0, less 20:5ω3, but more 22:6ω3; serine phosphatides contained less 16:0 and less 20:5ω3 but more 18:0; and choline phosphatides had a fatty acid composition roughly similar to that of total flesh lipid but containing slightly more 16:0 and 20:5ω3 and less 22:6ω3. In fatty acid composition, the triglycerides more closely resembled liver lipid than any of the flesh lipid fractions.

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE AND DIETARY COPPER ON GROWTH AND LIPID METABOLISM IN PIGS. II. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE LIPIDS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MYRES ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Pigs were fed diets with and without 250 ppm supplemental copper and kept outside during winter with unheated colony houses for shelter, or in a heated barn. Lipids were extracted from the outer backfat and pure triglycerides were prepared by thin-layer chromatography. Fatty acid analysis indicated only minor changes in fatty acid composition of the triglycerides due to either dietary copper or environmental temperature. Fatty acid analysis of the total lipid extract, however, indicated that there were differences between the two methods of evaluation. The lipid extract analysis gave a more unsaturated fatty acid pattern than that of the pure triglycerides. Although the fatty acid composition was not altered significantly by type of rearing (outside vs. inside), there was an increased proportion (P < 0.05) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) due to dietary copper when the fatty acid composition was determined on the lipid extract. This suggests that lipid fractions other than triglycerides were enriched in UFA and that the effect of dietary copper on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue lipid is due to changes in the composition of other lipid fractions, possibly free fatty acids. This may be related to a disturbance in the balance between lipolysis and reesterification of fatty acids.

The fatty acid composition of some Sphagnum species

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Koskimies ◽  
Liisa Kaarina Simola
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Sphagnum Fimbriatum

The fatty acid composition of total lipids was studied in gametophytes of Sphagnum fimbriatum, S. majus, S. magellanicum and S. nemoreum cultivated aseptically at a constant temperature of 25 °C. It was found to be very similar in these four bog mosses, and also fairly similar to that of other bryophytes. The lipid content of these species was about 6% of the weight of the freeze-dried plant material. The fatty acid composition of different lipid fractions (neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids) was studied in S. fimbriatum and S. majus. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) is abundant (~ 40%) in the triglycerides, and arachidonic acid (20:4) (30%) in the steryl and methyl ester fraction. Linolenic acid (18:3) formed about 60% of the fatty acids in the mono- and digalactosyl diglycerides. This fatty acid occurs only in low concentrations (~ 10%) in the triglycerides. Palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids are the most important fatty acids of the phospholipids.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on the composition of the individual lipids of turkey breast and leg muscle

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Neudoerffer ◽  
C. H. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Anchovy Oil ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Muscle Lipids

1. Groups of turkeys were given, to 10 weeks of age: diets E, basal, containing 2.3% mainly cereal lipid; A, basal plus 2.5% beef fat; B, basal plus 2.5% anchovy oil; C, as B, plus 0.02% ethoxyquin; D, basal plus 5% anchovy oil. Lipids from breast and leg muscle of all five groups were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography into five ‘neutral’ and six phospholipid fractions and the fatty-acid composition of each was determined by gas–liquid chromatography.2. Individual lipid fractions differed widely in fatty-acid composition and in the degree to which they could be influenced by dietary fat supplements. Small but usually consistent differences were observed between corresponding fractions from breast and leg. Sphingomyelin (SP) and lysophosphatidylcholine contained largely saturated acids (76–80%); the other phospholipids were 44–48% and the ‘neutral’ lipids 38–50% saturated. Phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol(PI) and, in less degree, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were rich in stearic acid, though palmitic was much more abundant in the diets and in the other muscle lipids. SP contained no acid more unsaturatedthan linoleic (1–2%). PE and PI were richest in arachidonic and PE and PI in other polyene acids.3. The effects of beef fat on the muscle lipids were small and mainly on the ‘neutral’ fractions.4. The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the fish oil extensively displaced linoleic (and oleic) acids from all fractions (except SP); arachidonic acid was displaced from PE but not from PI.5. The degree to which the fish-oil polyunsaturated acids of the three series entered the muscle lipids varied with the acid and with the fraction. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) reached a concentration of 20–25% in PE, nearly five times as great as its concentration in the dietary lipid.6. Hydrolysis with phospholipase A showed that most of the unsaturated fatty acids were present in the 2-position of PC and PE, but the positional specificity was not complete, particularly for the less highly unsaturated acids.7. The antioxidant ethoxyquin had no effect on the fatty-acid composition of any of the muscle lipid fractions.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF ENDOPHYTIC MICROALGAE LAMINARIOCOLAX AECIDIOIDES, STREBLONEMA CORYMBIFERUM AND STREBLONEMA SP. (ECTOCARPALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оксана Андреевна Чадова ◽  
Петр Владимирович Веланский
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Hydroxylated Fatty Acids ◽  
First Time

Впервые исследован жирнокислотный состав полярных и нейтральных липидов бурых эндофитных микроводорослей Laminariocolax aecidioides, Streblonema corymbiferum и Streblonema sp. Показано, что в состав полярных липидов входят главным образом полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, такие как 18:3ω-3, 18:4ω-3 и 20:5ω-3. Во фракциях нейтральных липидов всех образцов доминировали насыщенные жирные кислоты 14:0 и 16:0, мононенасыщенная 18:1ω-9 и полиненасыщенная 18:2ω6. Отмечена высокая концентрация 16:1ω-7 в нейтральной фракции Streblonema sp. Во всех липидных фракциях эндофитов, кроме нейтральных липидов S. corymbiferum, обнаружены гидроксилированные жирные кислоты 22:0Δ2-OH и 24:0Δ2-OH. The fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids of brown endophytic microalgae Laminariocolax aecidioides , Streblonema corymbiferum and Streblonema sp. was investigated for the first time. It was shown that the composition of polar lipids of endophytes includes mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as 18:3ω-3, 18:4ω-3 and 20: 5ω-3. Saturated 14:0 and 16:0, monounsaturated 18:1ω-9 and polyunsaturated 18:2ω6 dominated the neutral lipids of all samples. A high concentration of 16:1ω-7 was observed in the neutral fraction of Streblonema sp. Hydroxylated fatty acids 22:0Δ2-OH and 24:0Δ2-OH were found in all lipid fractions, except for neutral lipids of S. corymbiferum .

scholarly journals INDICES OF FATTY ACIDS SPECTRUM OF LIPIDS IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF STERLET OF DIFFERENT AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Suleimanova ◽  
Dmytro Melnychuk ◽  
Liliia Kalachniuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Lipid Fractions

As the only sturgeon living in freshwater, sterlet is important for breeding in industrial fish farms, where lately cases of early mortality of this species have been detected. Hence, in order to preserve the species, it is important to study the parameters of fatty acid (FA) composition of lipid fractions of the blood serum of sterlet. Here we present changes of fatty acid composition in different lipid fractions of the blood serum of sterlets of different age (namely two-, three- and nine-year-old) with the masses 0.3–0.4, 0.5–0.6 and 5–6 kgfor the age-groups of fish, respectively. Fatty acid (FA) composition was determined using gas-chromatography on HRGC 5300 (Italy) in Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). Fatty acid composition of starlet blood serum is presented by saturated and unsaturated high-molecular weight carboxylic acids, mostly palmic, stearic, oleic and linoleic. In the phospholipids fraction, there was a moderate increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a slight decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids depending on the age of fish. As for free fatty acids, there was a drop in the saturated ones depending on the starlet age. Among the free fatty acids of sterlet blood serum, we identified 28 acids, of them 39 %, 35 % and 30 % were saturated in 2-, 3-year-old and mature fish, respectively. Monounsaturated FA content was 14 %, 23 % and 23 % in 2-, 3-year-old and adult sterlet fish, and polyunsaturated FA content –46 %, 41 % and 36 %, respectively. The data can be used for the theoretical verification of correcting supplementary feed and premixes.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF N-STEAROYLETHANOLAMINE ON THE ADIPOCYTE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT AGE RATS WITH OBESITY-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Oksana Tkachenko ◽  
Halyna Kosiakova ◽  
Vitalii Klimashevsky ◽  
Andrii Berdyshev ◽  
Nadiia Hula
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Two Age Groups

Chronic hypernutrition and high fat diet (HFD), rich in saturated fatty acids leads to molecular changes in insulin sensitive tissues and is followed by dyslipidemia. That is why the aim of our study was to investigate the fatty acid (FA) composition of phospholipids (PL), free fatty acids (FFA), triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol esters (CE) of adipocytes in different age rats with HFD-induced insulin resistance (IR) and its changes under N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) administration. The experimental model was induced on rats in age 10-month-old and 24-month-old by 6-month HFD and confirmed by the oral glucose tolerance test. NSE was administrated as water suspension per os in a dosage 50 mg/kg daily during 2 weeks. Adipocytes were isolated from abdominal fat using Type 1 Collagenase solution. Adipocytes lipid extract was separated on the fractions by thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acid composition of lipid fractions was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Experimental data were processed statistically using Student’s t-test. It was demonstrated, that prolonged HFD induces IR and leads to changes in FA profile of adipocytes PL, TAG, CE and composition of FFA in rats from two age groups. The results we obtained shoved that the aging process affects the fatty acid composition of adipocytes. Particularly, there was a significant decrease in the amount of fatty acids in the fractions of phospholipids, triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters together with a decrease in the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. It was also demonstrated, that HFD significantly alters the fatty acid composition of all investigated adipocytes lipid fractions of younger age group rats, while similar changes were much less manifested in older age group of animals. NSE administration had a positive effect on the normalization of the fatty acid composition of the studied lipid fractions of both age group rat adipocytes. This study demonstrated that prolonged HFD induces obesity, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes development and leads to changes in adipocytes FA profile in rats from two age groups. As far as NSE administration had a positive effect on normalization of FA composition of adipocytes, we can consider NSE as a prospective agent for the treatment of obesity-induced complications and correction of age-related dyslipidemia.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

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