Seasonal Patterns in Lipid Content of Lake Michigan Macroinvertebrates

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1827-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne S. Gardner ◽  
Thomas F. Nalepa ◽  
William A. Frez ◽  
Elizabeth A. Cichocki ◽  
Peter F. Landrum
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Chironomid Larvae

Lipids in several taxa of macroinvertebrates from Lake Michigan were determined seasonally to help define the role of these animals in transferring energy in the lake. Ranges of mean lipid content relative to ash-free dry weight (AFDW) throughout the year were as follows: amphipods (Pontoporeia hoyi), 21–54%; lumbriculid oligochaetes (Stylodrilus heringianus), 12–19%; tubificid oligochaetes, 9–22%; chironomid larvae, 9–39%; and Mysis relicta, 26–37%. A pattern of increasing lipid content during spring was observed for P. hoyi, chironomids, and M. relicta, but seasonal changes were not apparent for oligochaetes. Excluding M. relicta, P. hoyi accounted for about 65% of the biomass and 70% of the energy contained in southern Lake Michigan benthic macroinvertebrates and may assimilate up to 30% of the total bioavailable organic detritus settling into the offshore hypolimnion. Calculation of the predation loss rate (production rate minus nonpredatory death rate) of P. hoyi indicated that about 13 000 cal∙m−2 (2.1 g AFDW∙m−2) of this amphipod may be consumed annually by fish and other predators in southern Lake Michigan.

Seasonal Changes in the Total Lipid Content of the Opossum Shrimp, Mysis relicta (Malacostraca: Mysidacea)

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1935-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine I. Adare ◽  
David C. Lasenby
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
The Relationship

Seasonal changes in the percent total lipid content of Mysis relicta were investigated in four lakes in southern Ontario. Stony and Twelve Mile lakes contain populations of Mysis with a 1-yr life cycle, while Crystal and Boshkung lakes have populations with a 2-yr life cycle. Mature female and male mysids have a lipid content between 15 and 33% and between 14 and 25%, respectively, while juvenile mysids have approximately 10% less total lipids than adults. The relationship between total lipid and lipid-free dry weight is best described by the power curve Y = aXb and is the same (ANCOVA, p < 0.05) in all four mysid populations. Lipid content accumulates steadily with time as the mysid grows, and lipid reserves do not appear to influence mysid time to maturity. For studies on the transfer of energy and lipophilic organic contaminants through the food web, the results imply that seasonal and body size differences of organisms are important considerations.

scholarly journals Different Seasonal Patterns in Song System Volume in Willow Tits and Great Tits

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Georgia K. Longmoor ◽  
C. Henrik Lange ◽  
Hannah Darvell ◽  
Lauren Walker ◽  
Seppo Rytkönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Blue Tit ◽  
Song System ◽  
Willow Tit ◽  
Area X

In most species of seasonally breeding songbirds studied to date, the brain areas that control singing (i.e. the song control system, SCS) are larger during the breeding season than at other times of the year. In the family of titmice and chickadees (Paridae), one species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), shows the typical pattern of seasonal changes, while another species, the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), shows, at best, very reduced seasonal changes in the SCS. To test whether this pattern holds up in the two Parid lineages to which these two species belong, and to rule out that the differences in seasonal patterns observed were due to differences in geography or laboratory, we compared the seasonal patterns in two song system nuclei volumes (HVC and Area X) in willow tits (Poecile montanus), closely related to black-capped chickadees, and in great tits (Parus major), more closely related to blue tits, from the same area around Oulu, Finland. Both species had larger gonads in spring than during the rest of the year. Great tit males had a larger HVC in spring than at other times of the year, but their Area X did not change in size. Willow tits showed no seasonal change in HVC or Area X size, despite having much larger gonads in spring than the great tits. Our findings suggest that the song system of willow tits and their relatives may be involved in learning and producing nonsong social vocalizations. Since these vocalizations are used year-round, there may be a year-round demand on the song system. The great tit and blue tit HVC may change seasonally because the demand is only placed on the song system during the breeding season, since they only produce learned vocalizations during this time. We suggest that changes were not observed in Area X because its main role is in song learning, and there is evidence that great tits do not learn new songs after their first year of life. Further study is required to determine whether our hypothesis about the role of the song system in the learned, nonsong vocalizations of the willow tit and chickadee is correct, and to test our hypothesis about the role of Area X in the great tit song system.

Effects of Food Removal on Nutrient Release Rates and Lipid Content of Lake Michigan Pontoporeia hoyi

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery M. Gauvin ◽  
Wayne S. Gardner ◽  
Michael A. Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Diatom Bloom ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Diatom Blooms ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
And Control

Pontoporeia hoyi, the dominant benthic invertebrate in the upper Great Lakes, appears to be well adapted to environments with seasonal inputs of high-quality food such as those supplied by the spring diatom bloom. Ammonium and phosphate excretion rates and lipid content were examined in P. hoyi under the following conditions: (1) field animals sampled seasonally, (2) food-deprived animals in filtered lake water, and (3) control animals held in native sediments without new food inputs. Nutrient excretion rates for P. hoyi (0.5 to 2 nmole NH4 (milligrams dry weight)−1∙h−1 and 0 to 0.15 nmole PO4 (milligrams dry weight)−1∙h−1) were low relative to rates previously reported for other benthic and pelagic invertebrates and varied little among the three treatment groups. In contrast to the animals held in the laboratory without new food inputs, field-collected P. hoyi accumulated increased levels of lipids following the spring diatom bloom. However, after lipid levels in field animals peaked in May, they decreased during the rest of the season at rates similar to those of starved and control animals. P. hoyi's low nutrient-excretion rates, and its ability to accumulate and store energy as lipids, for periods when food is not abundant, appear to be important factors allowing this animal to thrive in temperate lakes with spring diatom blooms.

scholarly journals Role of Snf-β in lipid accumulation in the high lipid‐producing fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaista Nosheen ◽  
Tahira Naz ◽  
Junhuan Yang ◽  
Syed Ammar Hussain ◽  
Abu Bakr Ahmad Fazili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Control Strain ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Overexpressing Strain

Abstract Background Mucor circinelloides WJ11 is a high-lipid producing strain and an excellent producer of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) which is crucial for human health. We have previously identified genes that encode for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex in M. circinelloides which is an important regulator for lipid accumulation. Comparative transcriptional analysis between the high and low lipid-producing strains of M. circinelloides showed a direct correlation in the transcriptional level of AMPK genes with lipid metabolism. Thus, the role of Snf-β, which encodes for β subunit of AMPK complex, in lipid accumulation of the WJ11 strain was evaluated in the present study. Results The results showed that lipid content of cell dry weight in Snf-β knockout strain was increased by 32 % (from 19 to 25 %). However, in Snf-β overexpressing strain, lipid content of cell dry weight was decreased about 25 % (from 19 to 14.2 %) compared to the control strain. Total fatty acid analysis revealed that the expression of the Snf-β gene did not significantly affect the fatty acid composition of the strains. However, GLA content in biomass was increased from 2.5 % in control strain to 3.3 % in Snf-β knockout strain due to increased lipid accumulation and decreased to 1.83 % in Snf-β overexpressing strain. AMPK is known to inactivate acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in lipid synthesis. Snf-β manipulation also altered the expression level of the ACC1 gene which may indicate that Snf-β control lipid metabolism by regulating ACC1 gene. Conclusions Our results suggested that Snf-β gene plays an important role in regulating lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides WJ11. Moreover, it will be interesting to evaluate the potential of other key subunits of AMPK related to lipid metabolism. Better insight can show us the way to manipulate these subunits effectively for upscaling the lipid production. Up to our knowledge, it is the first study to investigate the role of Snf-β in lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides.

Variation in Size and Lipid Content of Adult Southern Pine Beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Relation to Season

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Coppedge ◽  
F. M. Stephen ◽  
G. W. Felton
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetles ◽  
Pine Beetles ◽  
Tree Characteristics

Variations in size, weight, and lipid content of brood adult southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, were investigated using a spectrophotometric technique to determine total lipid content of individual beetles. Large seasonal variations in these parameters were found with significant differences occurring between months and years. Patterns of variation, however, were not consistent with those reported in previous studies, leading to the conclusion that these variations do not have regular seasonal patterns. Variations in beetle measurements were not related to tree characteristics. Female beetles, on average, were heavier and contained more lipid than male beetles. The spectrophotometric technique used improves on a similar technique recently reported. The technique allowed more extensive measurements, including total lipid content, dry weight, and percent lipid content, to be taken on individual beetles.

Role of pentose phosphate pathway in lipid accumulation of oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (118) ◽  
pp. 97658-97664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Xin Tang ◽  
Xiao Luan ◽  
Haiqin Chen ◽  
Yong Q. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Pentose Phosphate Pathway ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oleaginous Fungus ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Overexpressing the genes coding for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from the pentose phosphate pathway in the oleaginous fungusMucor circinelloidesincreased the lipid content of cell dry weight by 20–30%.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Accumulation of microelements by different invertebrate trophic groups on wasted lands

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Didur ◽  
Yu. L. Kulbachko ◽  
V. Y. Gasso
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Habitat Transformation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Ore Dressing ◽  
Processing Enterprise

<p>The problem of transformation of natural landscapes resulted from the negative technogenic impact is highlighted. It is shown that mining enterprises are powerful anthropo-technical sources of organic and inorganic toxicants entering the environment. Their wastes pollute all components of the ecosystems and negatively influence human health by increasing a risk of disease. The nature of the accumulation of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb) by invertebrate animals of various functional groups under conditions of anthropo-technogenic pressure was studied. The sample plots were located on self-overgrowing sites with ruderal vegetation located in the immediate vicinity of the Mangan ore-dressing and processing enterprise (Dnipropetrovsk region). It is quite naturally that among the studied biogenic microelements (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni), the phyto-, zoo-, and saprophages in the investigated zone of technogenic pollution most actively accumulate Fe:<em> </em>22758, 17516 and 18884 mg/kg dry weight on average, respectively. There are significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of studied microelements between saprophages and phytophages. The saprophages accumulate such trace metals as Mn, Cu, Zn and Cd in high quantities, but Ni and Pb – in smaller ones. The saprophagous functional group of invertebrates is an active agent of detritogenesis, in the conditions of modern nature management it acts as a powerful element of ecosystem engineering (habitat transformation), the main ecological role of which is to modify the habitat of other soil biota. In addition, the saprophages fulfil their concentrating geochemical function. They actively participate in the most important soil biochemical process: the formation of humus, the migration of microelements along trophic chains, the biological cycle in general, and provide such supporting ecosystem services as increasing soil fertility and nutrient cycling.</p>

scholarly journals Field Cage Assessment of Feeding Damage by Riptortus pedestris on Soybeans in China

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Wenjing Li ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Yinglu Hu ◽  
Juhong Chen ◽  
Jinping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Riptortus Pedestris ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Pest Density

The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a major pest of soybeans. In order to assess the critical stages of soybean damage by R. pedestris, we tested the damage to soybeans at different growth stages (R2, R4, and R6) caused by five densities of R. pedestris (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) through a field cage experiment. The results show that the R4 stage was the most sensitive stage in terms of suffering R. pedestris injury damage, followed by the R6 stage and then the R2 stage. The number of stay green leaves was 7.04 per plant, the abortive pod rate of the soybeans was 56.36%, and the abortive seed rate of the soybeans was 46.69%. The dry weight of the soybeans was 14.20 g at the R4 stage; these values of R4 were significantly higher than at the R2 and R6 stages. However, the dry weight of soybean seed was 4.27 g and the nutrient transfer rate was 27.01% in the R4 stage; these values were significantly lower than in the R2 and R6 stages. The number of stay green leaves, abortive pod rates, and abortive seed rates were all increased significantly with increasing pest density at each stage of soybean growth. However, the nutrient transfer rate was significantly decreased with the increase in the pest density. Soybean nutrition factors changed after they suffered R. pedestris injury; the lipid content of the soybean seed decreased and the lipid content of the soybean plant increased compared to controls, when tested with a density of five R. pedestris in the R4 stage. These results will be beneficial to the future management of R. pedestris in soybean fields.

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