The Importance of Activity in Bioenergetics Models Applied to Actively Foraging Fishes

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1859-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boisclair ◽  
W. C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Population Variance ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Activity Costs ◽  
Food Consumption Estimates ◽  
Bioenergetics Models

We used the Kitchell et al. (J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34: 1922–1935) bioenergetics model and field derived estimates of growth and consumption rates to estimate the quantity of energy allocated to activity by 28 combinations of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) age class and population. Activity costs among populations ranged from 0 to 40% of the perch bioenergetics budget. We further evaluated the influence of activity rates on the food consumption estimates predicted by the Kitchell et al. model and the model proposed by Kerr (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39: 371–379). As suggested by Kerr, activity costs increased as food consumption increased. However, we found no significant relationship between predicted and observed food consumption estimates for either model. The magnitude of, and the among-population variance in, the quantity of energy allocated to activity is consistent with our hypothesis that this component of the bioenergetics budget of fishes has the potential to contribute meaningfully to the explanation of inter-population differences in perch growth and, by extension, to the variance in growth of other actively foraging fish species.

Interactions between White Perch (Morone amerićana) and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) in Lake Erie as Determined from Feeding and Growth

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1779-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Parrish ◽  
F. Joseph Margraf
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Diet Overlap ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Morone Americana ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Growth Differences

Since the mid-1970's, white perch Morone americana have expanded rapidly, resulting in possible major interactions with the native yellow perch Perca flavescens. We compared the food consumption rates, diet overlap, and growth of white perch and yellow perch from field data collected during 1983–85 and 1987. Food consumption rates were as much as 27% greater in white perch than in yellow perch, and were higher for both species in the central basin than in the western basin. Seasonal diet composition was most alike in summer and less so in spring and fall, when yellow perch ate more benthos or fish than did white perch. Of 48 Schoener index comparisons of diet overlap during a 3-yr period, 52% were significant (> 0.6). Although yellow perch grew faster in the central basin, reflecting the greater consumption rates, white perch did not show the similar large interbasin growth differences.

Metabolic Allometry of Larval and Juvenile Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens): In Situ Estimates and Bioenergetic Models

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Post
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Young Of The Year

Measurements of in situ food consumption and growth rates of young-of-the-year (YOY) yellow perch, Perca flavescens, indicated that extrapolations of the metabolic allometry of adult perch to larval and juvenile perch were inappropriate. YOY active metabolism had the same weight dependent slope as adults but was 4.4 times adult standard respiration. Adult active respiration is typically 1–2 times standard. YOY consumption rates were also higher than predicted from adult allometry. Model simulations demonstrate that consumption and growth dynamics of larval and juvenile fish are more sensitive to variation in temperature and prey availability than are adults.

Growth and Feeding Responses of Male versus Female Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Treated with Estradiol-17β

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1942-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Malison ◽  
Terrence B. Kayes ◽  
Bernard C. Wentworth ◽  
Clyde H. Amundson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

In yellow perch (Perca flavescens) (initially 13–16 g total weight) fed to satiation (3.0–3.5% of body weight per day), estradiol-17β (E2) at 15 μg/g diet stimulated weight gain and food consumption of both sexes but did not influence food conversion efficiency (FCE), as measured by weight gain of fish per weight of food consumed. Females fed to satiation gained more weight, consumed more food, and had higher FCE than males. In perch fed a restricted ration (1.2% of body weight per day), the differences between the sexes in weight gain were reduced and due entirely to differences in FCE, and weight gain was not improved by E2. Spatial segregation or integration of the sexes had no influence on sex-related growth patterns in perch fed either the satiation or restricted ration. Carcass composition of perch treated for 84 d with E2 at 2, 20, or 50 μg/g diet did not differ from that of controls. These data indicate that (1) estrogens promote growth in yellow perch by stimulating food consumption, (2) female perch outgrow males because of both greater food consumption and higher FCE, and (3) growth differences between the sexes are not a consequence of intersexual competition for food.

Comparison of activity rates of 1+ yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from populations of contrasting growth rates using underwater video observations

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Aubin-Horth ◽  
J Gingras ◽  
D Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Populations

We compared the stereocinematographic (SCG) method to estimate activity rates of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) with the more traditional bioenergetic approach. We also compared activity rates of perch from two populations with contrasting growth rates to test the hypothesis that fish with lower growth rates are characterized by higher activity rates. We attempted to corroborate the SCG method by comparing values of energetic costs obtained with observations of fish movements with estimates obtained using the difference between field-derived consumption and growth rates (bioenergetic method). Independent estimates of consumption and activity rates were obtained for Lakes Hertel (average growth = 172 J·day-1) and Memphremagog (average growth = 595 J·day-1). Daily consumption rates averaged 720 J·day-1 in Lake Hertel and 1457 J·day-1 in Lake Memphremagog. SCG and bioenergetic methods provided similar activity estimates for Lake Hertel (<2.5% difference) and diverged by 0.4-82% for Lake Memphremagog depending on initial values of fish weight or consumption inputted in the bioenergetic equation. Regardless of the method employed, activity rates of fish from Lake Hertel were proportionally higher (24% of consumption rates) than those from Lake Memphremagog (on average 13% of consumption rates). Our work supported the suggestion that populations with slower growth rates may be associated with proportionally higher activity rates.

Comparison between consumption rates of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) estimated with a digestive tract model and with a radioisotope approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2547-2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Gingras ◽  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Relative Differences

We compared consumption rates of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) obtained from surveys of complete digestive tract contents (CDTC) with two radioisotope approaches using 137Cs as a biological tracer. We sampled fish of age 1+, 2+, and 3+ from three lakes for a total of six lake - age-class combinations. The two radioisotope methods provided very similar estimates of consumption rates. The relative differences between the CDTC approach and the radioisotope approaches ranged from 67 to 128% when the sampling interval length was 28-35 days. At the time scale of 70 days, the relative differences between the approaches ranged from 15 to 20%. We propose that the ratio of the sampling interval length to the biological half-life of the contaminant determines the discrepancy between consumption estimates obtained using CDTC and radioisotopic approaches. Our analyses suggest that, under the specific conditions encountered in our study, a minimum value for this ratio to obtain adequate consumption rates may be 45%. Although our work represents a corroboration of the radioisotope approach in systems where 137Cs is present at trace levels, it also suggests that consumption rates obtained for time periods shorter than 70 days should be interpreted with caution.

Cereal Consumption, Production, and Prices in West Pakistan (Notes & Comments)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Hufbauer
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Better Than

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, several Punjab Settlement Officers attempted to estimate food consumption rates. These estimates, based on direct observation and ad hoc guesses, were made partly out of academic curiosity, but more urgently, as an aid in establishing the land revenue (i.e., tax) rates. The pre-1926 estimates are summarized in Table I, expressed in pounds of wheat and other foodgrain consumption per person per year1. Broadly speaking, the later, more systemtic observers (e.g., Sir Ganga Ram and C. B. Barry), found lower consumption levels than the earlier observers. It was generally accepted that the rural populace ate better than urban dwellers. Despite the ingenuity of the early Settlement Officers, their compiled estimates suffer from all the difficulties of haphazard small sample observation. Given the revenue purpose of the estimates, they may be biased towards the able-bodied, economically active, population. Further, the very early estimates may have confused dry weight with cooked weight, including water.

Survival to hatching of fishes in sulfate-saline waters, Devils Lake, North Dakota

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Koel ◽  
John J. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Devils Lake ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Species Survival

Laboratory-based bioassays were conducted to determine concentrations of sodium-sulfate type salinities that limit the hatching success of several fish species. Survival to hatching (SH) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sodium-sulfate type waters from Devils Lake, North Dakota, of ≥ 2400 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) than in fresh water of 200 mg/L. In waters of 200, 1150, 2400, 4250, and 6350 mg/L TDS, walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) SH was 41, 38, 7, 1, and 0%; northern pike (Esox lucius) SH was 92, 68, 33, 2, and 0%; yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SH was 88, 70, 73, 0, and 0%; white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) SH was 87, 95, 66, 0, and 0%; common carp (Cyprinus carpio) SH was 71, 69, 49, 63, and 25%.

Metabolic Stores of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens): Comparison of Populations from an Acidic, Dystrophic Lake and Circumneutral, Mesotrophic Lakes

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2474-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Nelson ◽  
John J. Magnuson
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Dystrophic Lake ◽  
Lipid Contents

Little is known about the animals that occupy naturally acidic habitats. To better understand the physiological state of animals from temperate, naturally acidic systems, we compared metabolite stores and meristics of two yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations in northern Wisconsin. One population originated from a naturally acidic, dystrophic lake (Acid-Lake-Perch, ALP) and had previously been shown to have enhanced tolerance to low pH. The second population came from two nearby interconnected circumneutral, mesotrophic lakes (Neutral-Lake-Perch, NLP). Perch were collected throughout the year to account for seasonal effects and to discern whether patterns of metabolite utilization differed between populations. ALP had smaller livers containing less glycogen and greater muscle glycogen content than NLP. The ALP also had significantly greater liver and visceral lipid contents, and females from this population committed a greater fraction of their body mass to egg production. We interpret these results as indicative of physiological divergence at the population level in yellow perch. These results are discussed as possible products of H+ -driven changes in metabolism and as possible products of different life history strategies between populations. Our results also show that perch living in acidic, dystrophic Wharton Lake are not acid stressed.

Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Populations and Fisheries of the Red Lakes, Minnesota, 1930–75

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1774-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd L. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Catch Statistics

In an investigation of the commercial fishery of Red Lakes, Minnesota, for the 46-yr period 1930–75, catch statistics were analyzed, and the dynamics of the perch and walleye populations were examined. Mean annual yields of walleye for two statistical periods, 1930–53 and 1954–75, were 309,900 and 245,100 kg, respectively for walleyes, and 96,400 and 109,500 kg for perch. Annual abundance (CPE based on average catches per day per 5-net units of gill nets) varied from 3.8 to 64.6 kg for walleye, and from 2.5 to 34.4 kg for perch. Causes of fluctuations in harvestable stock were directly related to strength of year-classes and to growth rate during the season of capture. Year-class strength was not related to the abundance of parent stock or of potential predators. The respective strengths of year-classes of perch and walleye in the same year were positively correlated (r = 0.859, P < 0.01), and are directly related to climatic factors. Growth rate of walleye in different calendar years varied from +30.7 to −42.2% of mean growth, and that of perch from +13.4 to −8.6% (1941–56). Growing season began in mid-June and was almost over by September 1. Walleye yield could be enhanced by starting harvest July 1 instead of early June. Perch yield could be improved by harvesting small perch. Key words: Percidae, Perca, population dynamics, Stizostedion, long-term yield

Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) effects on sediment, other zoobenthos, and the diet and growth of adult yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in pond enclosures

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1903-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Thayer ◽  
R C Haas ◽  
R D Hunter ◽  
R H Kushler
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Zooplankton Density ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
Induced Changes

Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in enclosures located in an experimental pond adjacent to Lake St. Clair, Michigan, increased sedimentation rate but had relatively minor effects on percent organic matter and percent nitrogen content of sediment. In contrast, sediment from Lake St. Clair adjacent to zebra mussels was significantly higher in carbon than that 0.5 m away. Zebra mussels increase the nutritional value of surficial sediment and provide greater structural heterogeneity, which is probably more important in causing change among zoobenthos. Zoobenthos and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) diet were dominated by dipteran larvae and leeches. Zoobenthos was significantly different between enclosures with and without zebra mussels. Treatments with zebra mussels had significantly more oligochaetes and tended to have more crustaceans (isopods and amphipods). In June, yellow perch without zebra mussels consumed significantly more zooplankton, and those with mussels had more crustaceans in their diet. Zooplankton density was greater in treatments without zebra mussels. Yellow perch with zebra mussels grew significantly more than those without mussels. Zebra mussels in the enclosures neither reproduced nor were eaten by yellow perch; hence. the observed growth differences were due to indirect effects involving zebra mussel induced changes in benthic structure and biota.

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