THREE GENERATIONS OF INBREEDING AND S2 FACTORIAL TEST CROSSES IN RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fejer ◽  
L. P. S. Spangelo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Early Vigor

In selfed (S1 to 33) progenies of red raspberry cultivars, inbreeding depression progressively reduced plant height in spite of selection for vigor. Parent-offspring correlations indicated high realized heritability of this character. High yield was correlated in this material with many laterals, early flowering, tall new canes, and good berry quality but not with winter resistance. Heritability in the broad sense was high for early vigor, plant height and winter resistance, lower for berry weight and flowering day, and very low for yield and its morphological components, but selection for vigor may have influenced these estimates.In a second experiment five S2 progenies and their parent cultivars Muskoka, Trent and Tweed were crossed with three tester plants, Ottawa Latham, Viking and 45-01-56. Some of the S2 × tester progenies were superior in a number of yield characters to those produced when their parent cultivar was crossed to the same testers. The results were similar to those with strawberry (Spangelo et al., 1971), suggesting that inbreeding may sometimes be a useful step in a raspberry breeding program for higher yield. However, inbred × inbred crosses were generally poor. General and specific combining abilities were mostly similar in three different samples of factorial ("¼ diallel") crosses, but there were many exceptions possibly due to genotype-environment interactions. Most of the correlations were significant in this trial and the highest ones were in agreement with the correlations in the inbreeding trial.

INHERITANCE OF YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND FALL-FRUITING HABIT IN RED RASPBERRY DIALLEL CROSSES

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fejer
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Total Soluble Solid ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Soluble Solid

From a series of 4 × 4 diallel crosses in the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), it was determined that inheritance was predominantly additive for fruit yield and weight, fall-fruiting habit, day of flowering and total soluble solid content. However, it was mainly nonadditive for numbers of cane branches and laterals. Inbreeding depression was found for the yield of seedlings from sib-crosses within individual diallels. Reciprocal differences were noted for some characters.

Selection on phenotypic variation of pupa weight in Tribolium castaneum

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Cardin ◽  
Francis Minvielle
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Selection For

Responses to selection for high and low intrafamily coefficients of variation of pupa weight in Tribolium castaneum were observed for 10 generations. A significant decrease of the coefficient of variation has been observed in the replicated lines selected downwards while no response occurred in the other lines. Mean pupa weights did not change significantly throughout the experiment while mean fertility decreased in all lines, probably as a consequence of inbreeding depression. Realized heritability of the coefficient of variation of pupa weight was 0.15 ± 0.04 and 0.03 ± 0.01% for the downwards and upwards lines, respectively. These results show that the manipulation of the phenotypic variability by direct selection is possible.Key words: Tribolium, phenotypic variance, coefficient of variation of pupa weight.

scholarly journals Breeding and Improvement of Chinese Chestnut

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 600f-600
Author(s):  
J.D. Norton ◽  
Hongwen Huang ◽  
Fenny Dane
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chinese Chestnut ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Black Beauty

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) is a valuable germplasm resource for horticultural traits such as resistance to chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), excellent quality, wide adaptation, and consistent high yield. The Chinese chestnut breeding program was established at Auburn Univ. in 1933 from nuts directly introduced from China by the USDA. A recurrent selection breeding program with progeny from the 1933, 1953, and 1991 plantings with selection for blight resistance, precocity, nut size, and storage quality, yield, and pest resistance. Cultivars released from the 1933 planting were `Alaling,' `Alamore', and `Black Beauty'. `AU-Cropper', `AU-Leader', and `AU-Homestead' were named from the 1953 planting. Two blight-resistant, precocious seedlings, AU-91-P1-26 and AU-P4-26, appear to be very promising selections for improvement of all Chinese chestnut cultivars for nut size and other selection traits. Since there is little information available regarding heritability of certain traits in perennial tree species, results of 65 years of breeding at Auburn Univ. should provide us with guidance for further improvement of selection traits in chestnut breeding.

Genetic progress in upland rice breeding program for grain yield and plant height

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Mendes de Moura ◽  
Flávia Barbosa Silva Botelho ◽  
Laís Moretti Tomé ◽  
Cinthia Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Camila Soares Cardoso da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Mixed Model Approach

ABSTRACT In the context of plant breeding programs, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of genotype selection over successive years. However, evaluating the genotype selection efficiency is not an easy task, since there is not just a single way to precede it. Besides that, the programs need to be dynamic; that is, they should be able to track the introduction and discard of genotypes each year. As a result, the available data is quite unbalanced, leading to difficulties in certain analyses. Thus, the present study aims to propose some approaches to verify the genetic progress in the preliminary trial of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) upland rice breeding program. We utilized mixed models for grain yield and plant height. Trials were performed with a total of 120 genotypes in seven environments, defined by the interaction between locations and years. Due to the imbalance in the available data, the mixed model approach, i.e., Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP), was adopted for the joint analysis. Besides the genetic and phenotypic parameters, the expected gains were also obtained with the selection, genetic progress, renewal rate (RR%), and dynamism of preliminary trials. The efficiency of the selection of superior genotypes per year was verified, with genetic progress favorable for reducing the medium-sized plants associated with high yield.

scholarly journals Genotypic Selection for Soybean Earliness

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Flaviane O. Ribeiro ◽  
Adriano T. Bruzi ◽  
Mariane C. Bianchi ◽  
Igor O. Soares ◽  
Karina B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

Obtaining early-maturing soybean cultivars with high yield performance has long been the focus of breeding programs. Obtaining the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters can assist breeders at selecting the superior genotypes. Therefore, the aim was to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of progenies throughout the recurrent selection for early maturity in soybeans and to select progenies with superior agronomic traits. S0:1 progenies were evaluated in one site during the 2015/2016 harvest using a 12 × 12 lattice design, with one 2-meter row plot with two replicates. The S0:2 progenies were evaluated during the 2016/2017 harvest using an 8 × 8 lattice design, with one 3-meter row plot with three replicates. The S0:3 progenies were evaluated during the 2017/2018 harvest using a 5 × 5 lattice design, with two 3-meter rows plots with three replicates. Both S0:2 and S0:3 progenies were evaluated in three different sites. The days to flowering, full maturity, first pod insertion height, plant height, lodging index and grain yield traits was evaluated. The data were analyzed using a mixed model approach. The genetic and phenotypic parameters, expected gain with selection, realized heritability, correlated response and the frequency distributions of the adjusted means were estimated. The estimates of the variance components have evidenced variability among the progenies, enabling the selection of superior genotypes. All the evaluated progenies showed good agronomic performance, combining early maturity and productive performance. When early-maturing progenies were selected, there was a reduction in days to flowering, plant height, first pod insertion height, lodging and yield.

Inheritance of flowering time, yield and stolon development in Glycine javanica

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Wutoh ◽  
EM Hutton ◽  
AJ Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Genotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Stolon Development

Seven traits were studied in seven hybrids of G. javanica, and their progeny. No hybrid vigour was found in the F, for flowering time, stolon number, or per cent stolons rooted, but hybrid vigour was found for all other traits, and was followed by inbreeding depression in the F2. All traits were polygenically controlled and heritability estimates ranged from 39 to 77 per cent. Genotypic correlations indicated that early flowering, high yield and good stolon development could be combined into one variety by means of a suitable breeding program. A delay in planting date caused a delay in flowering, but mainly in those families which were normally early flowering.

scholarly journals Inbreeding in two maize subpopulations selected for tassel size

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austeclinio L. de Farias Neto ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Tassel Branch Number ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Selection For

The present work was based on the evaluation of full sib and S1 progenies from the maize (Zea mays L.) population ESALQ-PB1 after six cycles of divergent selection for tassel size. The following traits were analyzed: plant height , ear height, tassel branch number, tassel length, and tassel weight. For all traits, the experimental units were means of three plants per plot. Progenies were evaluated in eleven experiments (completely randomized blocks) with three replications in Piracicaba -- SP, Brazil. Means of inbred (m1) and non-inbred (m0) progenies were used to estimate inbreeding depression (I = m1 -- m0) and the contribution of homozygotes (mu0 + a*) and heterozygotes (d*) to the population mean. Considering the five traits under study, inbreeding depression varied from 1.9 to 15.9% but significance for that effect was detected only for plant height. Plant traits exhibited higher depression than tassel traits; and tassel branch number seems to be more sensitive to inbreeding than the other two tassel traits. Except for plant height, it was apparent that inbreeding depression was higher in the subpopulation negatively selected for tassel size (T--). Estimates of A = mu0 + a* and d* indicate a smaller effect of dominance deviations for all traits, as compared to the contribution of homozygotes. Significant variability among progenies was detected in most instances.

Relationships among attributes of pure lines of bread wheat derived from heterotic F1 hybrids

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
MN Uddin ◽  
FW Ellison ◽  
L O'Brien ◽  
BDH Latter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Measurements were made of the number of spikes per unit area, the number of kernels per spike, kernel weight and plant weight in four heterotic hand-made hybrids and the commercial hybrid Comet, together with the parents of the hand-made hybrids, and 75 pure lines derived from each hybrid by single seed descent. Kernel weight exhibited the strongest heterosis, while the incidence of positive heterosis for the remaining yield components varied between crosses. Mid-parent heterosis for plant height was significant for all hand-made hybrids. In both hybrids and pure lines, high yield was associated with intermediate kernel weight and intermediate plant height, but for each trait higher values were observed in the hybrids and pure lines compared with their parents. In terms of both plant height and the major components of yield, viz. kernel number per unit area and kernel weight, the highest yielding pure lines and the hybrids were similar, demonstrating that it is possible to recover homozygous genotypes with the same basic characteristics as the heterotic hybrids from which they were derived. The absence of any consistent pattern on how the best lines obtained their yield suggests that selection for yield based on its components would be unrewarding, except for selection against extremes of kernel weight and plant height.

scholarly journals Expressiness of the Main Characters of a New Genotype of White Kidney Bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ion GHERASE ◽  
Elena BARCANU ◽  
Costel VÎNĂTORU ◽  
Ovidia AGAPIE-DOBRE ◽  
Bianca TĂNASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
New Genotype

Currently, in Romania there are just a few autochthonous white kidney bean varieties and this is the main reason why Vegetable Research Development Station (VRDS) Buzau has chosen a breeding program for this species. The aim of this study was to assess the main quantitative characteristic of a new cultivar of kidney beans, ‘Doina’. The correlation matrix showed a strong relationship between plant height and bush diameter and also with leaf length and a negative correlation between plant height and pods mass per plant. The cultivar has a yield potential of over 3000 kg/ha and a compact maturation of the pods, being suitable for mechanized harvesting. An important feature is plant hardiness, due to local genetic resources used in the breeding program. During the research it was found that the variety has a distinct phenotypic expressiveness with a high yield and quality potential.

scholarly journals Híbridos dobles de maíz de baja depresión endogámica en F2.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto De León ◽  
Arcenio Jaramillo ◽  
Gaspar Martínez ◽  
Sergio Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Root Lodging ◽  
Yield Decrease

The first and second generations (F1 and F2) of 33 double hybrids of com were studied in order to evaluate grain yield decrease caused by generational advance, and to detect hybrids with a low inbreeding depression. Effects of in breeding depression were also evaluated according to flowering days (FD), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), root lodging (RL), and stem height (SH), bad coverage (BC), and roUen ears (RE). Doub1e hybrids with a high yield were obtained in F1, and without in breeding in F2 at arate of six to nine percent, depending on the evaluation environment, indicating insignificant in breeding effects.

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