Inheritance of flowering time, yield and stolon development in Glycine javanica

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Wutoh ◽  
EM Hutton ◽  
AJ Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Genotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Stolon Development

Seven traits were studied in seven hybrids of G. javanica, and their progeny. No hybrid vigour was found in the F, for flowering time, stolon number, or per cent stolons rooted, but hybrid vigour was found for all other traits, and was followed by inbreeding depression in the F2. All traits were polygenically controlled and heritability estimates ranged from 39 to 77 per cent. Genotypic correlations indicated that early flowering, high yield and good stolon development could be combined into one variety by means of a suitable breeding program. A delay in planting date caused a delay in flowering, but mainly in those families which were normally early flowering.

THREE GENERATIONS OF INBREEDING AND S2 FACTORIAL TEST CROSSES IN RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fejer ◽  
L. P. S. Spangelo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Early Vigor

In selfed (S1 to 33) progenies of red raspberry cultivars, inbreeding depression progressively reduced plant height in spite of selection for vigor. Parent-offspring correlations indicated high realized heritability of this character. High yield was correlated in this material with many laterals, early flowering, tall new canes, and good berry quality but not with winter resistance. Heritability in the broad sense was high for early vigor, plant height and winter resistance, lower for berry weight and flowering day, and very low for yield and its morphological components, but selection for vigor may have influenced these estimates.In a second experiment five S2 progenies and their parent cultivars Muskoka, Trent and Tweed were crossed with three tester plants, Ottawa Latham, Viking and 45-01-56. Some of the S2 × tester progenies were superior in a number of yield characters to those produced when their parent cultivar was crossed to the same testers. The results were similar to those with strawberry (Spangelo et al., 1971), suggesting that inbreeding may sometimes be a useful step in a raspberry breeding program for higher yield. However, inbred × inbred crosses were generally poor. General and specific combining abilities were mostly similar in three different samples of factorial ("¼ diallel") crosses, but there were many exceptions possibly due to genotype-environment interactions. Most of the correlations were significant in this trial and the highest ones were in agreement with the correlations in the inbreeding trial.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Covariation of Yield and Phytochemical Traits in a Red Raspberry Factorial Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joseph Stephens ◽  
Jessica Scalzo ◽  
Peter A. Alspach ◽  
Ron A. Beatson ◽  
Ann Marie Connor
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Genotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Breeding for high yield is a major objective of most small fruit breeding programs worldwide. In recent years, research associated with health benefits of berry fruit has resulted in some breeding programs looking for material with improved health properties with the goal of incorporating these into genotypes with high yield and other favorable agronomic characters. In this study, we estimated variance components, heritabilities, and phenotypic and genotypic correlations for yield components and phytochemicals [total phenolics (TPH), antioxidant activity (FRAP), and total anthocyanins (TACY)] from 828 genotypes in a red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) factorial mating design based on 42 full-sib families derived from seven female and six male parents harvested in one season in New Zealand. Narrow sense heritability estimates varied from moderately low [0.23 for percent budburst (PCBB)] to high [0.82 for mean berry weight (BWT)]. Highest genotypic correlations with total yield (TYLD) were found for mean cane length (0.60) followed by moderate correlations for PCBB (0.38), BWT (0.34) and fruit number per unit lateral (0.31). For these four components, the correlation between the product of the empirical breeding values (eBV) and TYLD was as good (0.67) as the correlation between the product of the seven yield components measured (0.68). Moderately high negative genotypic correlations were found between TYLD and TPH (–0.67), FRAP (–0.68), and TACY (–0.64), suggesting that breeding for high-yielding genotypes may result in reduced phytochemical levels. A pigment-deficient R. parvifolius × R. idaeus hybrid derivative parent (R. parv deriv) had the most influence on berry weight as a yield component. Removal of the R. parv deriv progeny from the analysis increased the contribution of berry weight to total yield. Heritability estimates were generally lower when the R. parv deriv crosses were omitted, particularly for number of canes BWT, TYLD, and the phytochemicals. Implications of R. parv deriv crosses on these results are discussed. Of the 828 genotypes, only five had an eBV for total yield greater than that of the best yielding parent, whereas 49 had larger berries than the best parent. None of the 828 genotypes had an eBV for yield components or phytochemicals less than that of the lowest parent, whereas 13 had a higher eBV associated with phytochemicals than that of the highest parent.

New Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the BTC1 gene of Sugar Beet

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
A.A. Nalbandyan ◽  
T.P. Fedulova ◽  
I.V. Cherepukhina ◽  
T.I. Kryukova ◽  
N.R. Mikheeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Flowering Time Control ◽  
Exon 10

The flowering time control gene of various sugar beet plants has been studied. The BTC1 gene is a regulator for the suppressor (flowering time 1) and inducer (flowering time 2) genes of this physiological process. The F9/R9 primer pair was used for polymerase chain reaction; these primers are specific to the BTC1 gene region containing exon 9, as well as intron and exon 10. For the first time, nucleotide substitutions in exon 10 of BTC1 gene were identified in bolting sensitive samples (HF1 and BF1), which led to a change in the amino acid composition of the coded polypeptide chain. Based on the results of bioinformatic analysis, it can be assumed that certain nucleotide polymorphisms in the BTC1 gene may determine with a high probability the predisposition of sugar beet genotypes to early flowering. The use of the Geneious Prime tool for the analysis of the BTC1 gene sequences may allow the culling of genotypes prone to early flowering at early stages of selection. sugar beet, flowering gene, BTC1, genetic polymorphism, PCR, molecular genetic markers, selection

scholarly journals Quantitative Control of Early Flowering in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3856
Author(s):  
Sandra Rychel-Bielska ◽  
Anna Surma ◽  
Wojciech Bielski ◽  
Bartosz Kozak ◽  
Renata Galek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Major Qtls ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a pulse annual plant cultivated from the tropics to temperate regions for its high-protein grain as well as a cover crop or green manure. Wild populations are typically late flowering and have high vernalization requirements. Nevertheless, some early flowering and thermoneutral accessions were found in the Mediterranean basin. Recently, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining flowering time variance were identified in bi-parental population mapping, however, phenotypic and genotypic diversity in the world collection has not been addressed yet. In this study, a diverse set of white lupin accessions (n = 160) was phenotyped for time to flowering in a controlled environment and genotyped with PCR-based markers (n = 50) tagging major QTLs and selected homologs of photoperiod and vernalization pathway genes. This survey highlighted quantitative control of flowering time in white lupin, providing statistically significant associations for all major QTLs and numerous regulatory genes, including white lupin homologs of CONSTANS, FLOWERING LOCUS T, FY, MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4, SKI-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1, and VERNALIZATION INDEPENDENCE 3. This revealed the complexity of flowering control in white lupin, dispersed among numerous loci localized on several chromosomes, provided economic justification for future genome-wide association studies or genomic selection rather than relying on simple marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of regulatory pathways involved in early flowering in the new leaves of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by transcriptome analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Ma ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Lingqiao Ge ◽  
Yinyin Weng ◽  
Xiaohui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Kinase Family ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Early Flowering Phenotype

Abstract Background Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial legume extensively planted throughout the world as a high nutritive value livestock forage. Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that contributes to the production of alfalfa hay and seeds. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of flowering time regulation in alfalfa are not well understood. Results In this study, an early-flowering alfalfa genotype 80 and a late-flowering alfalfa genotype 195 were characterized for the flowering phenotype. Our analysis revealed that the lower jasmonate (JA) content in new leaves and the downregulation of JA biosynthetic genes (i.e. lipoxygenase, the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase-like protein, and salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase) may play essential roles in the early-flowering phenotype of genotype 80. Further research indicated that genes encode pathogenesis-related proteins [e.g. leucine rich repeat (LRR) family proteins, receptor-like proteins, and toll-interleukin-like receptor (TIR)-nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-LRR class proteins] and members of the signaling receptor kinase family [LRR proteins, kinases domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26) and wheat leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase10 (LRK10)-like kinases] are related to early flowering in alfalfa. Additionally, those involved in secondary metabolism (2-oxoglutarate/Fe (II)-dependent dioxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferase) and the proteasome degradation pathway [really interesting new gene (RING)/U-box superfamily proteins and F-box family proteins] are also related to early flowering in alfalfa. Conclusions Integrated phenotypical, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, pathogenesis-related genes, signaling receptor kinase family genes, secondary metabolism genes, and proteasome degradation pathway genes are responsible for the early flowering phenotype in alfalfa. This will provide new insights into future studies of flowering time in alfalfa and inform genetic improvement strategies for optimizing this important trait.

A new dominant locus, E11, controls early flowering time and maturity in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifei Wang ◽  
Haiyang Nan ◽  
Liyu Chen ◽  
Chao Fang ◽  
Hanyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Early Flowering

Variation in maturity, stolon development and frost resistance of Glycine javanica

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye ◽  
HJ Kiers
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Discontinuous Variation ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Maturity Type ◽  
Stolon Development

Introductions of G. javanica showed wide variation in flowering time, seed set, seed yield, stolon development, and frost resistance at Lawes in south-eastern Queensland. The discontinuous variation in flowering time of 50 introductions over 103 days at Lawes has enabled very early, early, midseason, and late maturity types to be defined. These maturity classes hold equally well when applied at 'Lansdown' in north Queensland. With the exception of C.P.I. 25336, only very early and early introductions set seed in large areas of south-eastern Queensland where frosts are experienced in June and July. C.P.I. 25336, an early variety with an extended flowering period, did not set seed before the first heavy frost on June 24, 1961. The association of maturity type, stolon development, and frost resistance with the country of origin of the introductions is mentioned and the significance of these characters in adapting G. javanica to Australian conditions is discussed.

The inheritance of flowering time in Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis)

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Maturity Groups ◽  
Early Flowering Phenotype

The inheritance of flowering time was studied in F1, F2 and F3 populations derived from a diallel cross among nine naturalized Australian lines of Townsville stylo (Stylosnnthes humilis) and in F1 and F2 populations from a small number of crosses between naturalized Australian lines and introductions from Mexico and Brazil. Strong dominance for lateness of flowering was observed in both the (Australian x Australian) and the (Australian x Mexican/Brazilian introductions) crosses, and some F2 and F3 progenies included small numbers of extremely early plants, flowering up to 55 days earlier than the earliest parent. The flowering time distributions of the (Australian x Australian) crosses could be explained by a three-locus model with multiple alleles at two loci. Proposed genotypes for the four maturity groups are as follows: late, LLM2M2EE; late-midseason, LLmmEE; mid-season, l2l2M2M2EE; early, l1l1M1M1EE; very early, LLM2M2ee. Only one major dominant gene for lateness of flowering could be detected from the distribution of the two (Australian x introduced line) F2 populations, but the segregation of extremely early types and the low recovery of the early-flowering phenotype suggested that other gene loci were segregating.

scholarly journals Dehydroabietinal promotes flowering time and plant defense in Arabidopsis via the autonomous pathway genes FLOWERING LOCUS D, FVE, and RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 4903-4913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Chowdhury ◽  
Devasantosh Mohanty ◽  
Mrunmay K Giri ◽  
Barney J Venables ◽  
Ratnesh Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Autonomous Pathway ◽  
Abietane Diterpenoids ◽  
Flowering Locus

Abstract Abietane diterpenoids are tricyclic diterpenes whose biological functions in angiosperms are largely unknown. Here, we show that dehydroabietinal (DA) fosters transition from the vegetative phase to reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting flowering time. DA’s promotion of flowering time was mediated through up-regulation of the autonomous pathway genes FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD), RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING 6 (REF6), and FVE, which repress expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a negative regulator of the key floral integrator FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Our results further indicate that FLD, REF6, and FVE are also required for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), an inducible defense mechanism that is also activated by DA. However, unlike flowering time, FT was not required for DA-induced SAR. Conversely, salicylic acid, which is essential for the manifestation of SAR, was not required for the DA-promoted flowering time. Thus, although the autonomous pathway genes FLD, REF6, and FVE are involved in SAR and flowering time, these biological processes are not interdependent. We suggest that SAR and flowering time signaling pathways bifurcate at a step downstream of FLD, REF6, and FVE, with an FLC-dependent arm controlling flowering time, and an FLC-independent pathway controlling SAR.

scholarly journals Cacao breeding in Bahia, Brazil: strategies and results

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uilson Vanderlei Lopes ◽  
Wilson Reis Monteiro ◽  
José Luis Pires ◽  
Didier Clement ◽  
Milton Macoto Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Long Time

Cacao was introduced in Bahia in 1756, becoming later the largest producer state in the country. In order to support the planting of cacao in the region, a breeding program was established by CEPEC at the beginning of the 1970s. For a long time, the program consisted in testing new hybrids (full-sibs) and releasing a mixture of the best ones to farmers. Lately, particularly after the witches´ broom arrival in the region, in 1989, recurrent breeding strategies were implemented, aiming mainly the development of clones. From 1993 to 2010, more than 500 progenies, accumulating 30 thousand trees, were developed by crossing many parents with resistance to witches´ broom, high yield and other traits. In this period, more than 500 clones were put in trials and 39 clones and 3 hybrids were released to farmers. In this paper the strategies and results achieved by the program are reviewed. Overall the program has good interface with pathology and genomic programs.

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