Relationships among attributes of pure lines of bread wheat derived from heterotic F1 hybrids

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
MN Uddin ◽  
FW Ellison ◽  
L O'Brien ◽  
BDH Latter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Measurements were made of the number of spikes per unit area, the number of kernels per spike, kernel weight and plant weight in four heterotic hand-made hybrids and the commercial hybrid Comet, together with the parents of the hand-made hybrids, and 75 pure lines derived from each hybrid by single seed descent. Kernel weight exhibited the strongest heterosis, while the incidence of positive heterosis for the remaining yield components varied between crosses. Mid-parent heterosis for plant height was significant for all hand-made hybrids. In both hybrids and pure lines, high yield was associated with intermediate kernel weight and intermediate plant height, but for each trait higher values were observed in the hybrids and pure lines compared with their parents. In terms of both plant height and the major components of yield, viz. kernel number per unit area and kernel weight, the highest yielding pure lines and the hybrids were similar, demonstrating that it is possible to recover homozygous genotypes with the same basic characteristics as the heterotic hybrids from which they were derived. The absence of any consistent pattern on how the best lines obtained their yield suggests that selection for yield based on its components would be unrewarding, except for selection against extremes of kernel weight and plant height.

scholarly journals Variance components and correlations of agronomic traits among cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) maturity groups

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Cervenski ◽  
Jelica Gvozdanovic-Varga ◽  
Svetlana Glogovac
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Maturity Groups

In this paper we studied the variability and correlation of cabbage traits in different maturity groups. The study included early spring cabbages (planted in early spring, harvested in early summer) and autumn cabbages (planted in mid-summer, harvested in late autumn). Using coefficients of variation and correlation coefficients, we analyzed 17 cabbage traits in 35 commercially grown cultivars, F1 hybrids, and experimental F1 hybrids. The traits were analyzed separately for each maturity group. In the early cabbages, the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.8 to 44.2%. The calculated correlation coefficients differed between the two maturity groups. The early cabbages had 26 significant positive correlations. The positive correlations calculated among different traits of early cabbages defined this group fully and made it distinct from the late-maturing genotypes. Plant height and rosette diameter in the early genotypes were highly positively correlated with rosette weight, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, head height, and head diameter. Plant height and rosette diameter participate in the formation of active photosynthetic area in early cabbages. Rosette width in these genotypes provides a greater influx of light and heat, which results in greater head weight. Also, in early cabbages that have greater plant height, the leaf rosette will not lie on the cold surface of the ground in the spring. The activity of the cabbage plant is thus more focused towards the formation of larger head weight. Head volume in the late genotypes was highly positively correlated with rosette diameter, whole plant weight, head weight, usable portion of head, inner stem length, and head height. In late cabbages plant activity is directed towards the formation of head volume due to the longer duration of the growth period, larger leaves, and differences in climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis Hasil Gabah Serta Korelasinya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Padi Hibrida

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Nurwulan Agustiani ◽  
Sujinah Sujinah ◽  
Bayu P Wibowo ◽  
Satoto Satoto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Growth Characters ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

Heterosis in F1-hybrids is very closely related to processes during plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on some growth characters that supported positive heterosis for yield.  The experiment was carried out at KP. Sukamandi on the rainy season in 2016, used a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The material used in this study were four superior hybrid varieties (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, and Hipa East Java 2) and their parents (maintainer and restorer strains). The results showed that the four materials tested had positive heterosis values ​​with an average value of 4.23-25.03% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and yield. Heterobeltiosis values ​​ranged from 2.06% to 13.62% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, and yield.  Growth characters that were positively correlated to yield increase were plant height, leaf area in the primordia phase, and weight of 1000 grains. The four hybrid materials tested had similar leaf area per clump in the primordia phase, but only Hipa Jatim 2 still had the highest leaf area in the physiological cooking phase. All four hybrids had better leaf thickness characteristics than their parents. F1 average showed increased number of grain per panicle compared to the two parents, especially in Hipa 18 and Hipa 19, which had a higher weight per 1000 grains than the two parents. Keywords: hybrids, rice, heterosis, heterobeltiosis   ABSTRAK Heterosis pada F1-hibrida sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses-proses selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkaninformasibeberapa karakter pertumbuhan yang mendukung heterosis positif terhadap hasil. Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP. Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2016, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat varietas unggul hibrida (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, dan Hipa Jatim 2) dan tetuanya (galur maintainer dan restorer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat materi yang diuji mempunyai nilai heterosis positif dengan nilai rata-rata 4,23-25,03% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan hasil. Nilai heterobeltiosis berkisar antara 2,06% sampai 13,62% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil. Karakter-karakter pertumbuhan yang berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas daun pada fase primordia, dan bobot 1000 butir. Keempat materi hibrida yang diuji mempunyai luas daun per rumpun yang setara pada fase primordia, namun hanya Hipa Jatim 2 yang masih mempunyai luas daun tertinggi pada fase masak fisiologis,.  Keempatnya mempunyai karakter ketebalan daun yang lebih baik dibanding tetuanya. Rata-rata F1 menunjukkan perbaikan jumlah gabah per malai dibanding kedua tetuanya, terlebih pada Hipa 18 dan Hipa 19 yang juga mempunyai bobot 1000 butir lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua tetuanya. Kata kunci: hibrida, pada, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

THREE GENERATIONS OF INBREEDING AND S2 FACTORIAL TEST CROSSES IN RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fejer ◽  
L. P. S. Spangelo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Early Vigor

In selfed (S1 to 33) progenies of red raspberry cultivars, inbreeding depression progressively reduced plant height in spite of selection for vigor. Parent-offspring correlations indicated high realized heritability of this character. High yield was correlated in this material with many laterals, early flowering, tall new canes, and good berry quality but not with winter resistance. Heritability in the broad sense was high for early vigor, plant height and winter resistance, lower for berry weight and flowering day, and very low for yield and its morphological components, but selection for vigor may have influenced these estimates.In a second experiment five S2 progenies and their parent cultivars Muskoka, Trent and Tweed were crossed with three tester plants, Ottawa Latham, Viking and 45-01-56. Some of the S2 × tester progenies were superior in a number of yield characters to those produced when their parent cultivar was crossed to the same testers. The results were similar to those with strawberry (Spangelo et al., 1971), suggesting that inbreeding may sometimes be a useful step in a raspberry breeding program for higher yield. However, inbred × inbred crosses were generally poor. General and specific combining abilities were mostly similar in three different samples of factorial ("¼ diallel") crosses, but there were many exceptions possibly due to genotype-environment interactions. Most of the correlations were significant in this trial and the highest ones were in agreement with the correlations in the inbreeding trial.

scholarly journals Yield components of the M7 Kipas Putih mutant soybean

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Zuyasna ◽  
E Hayati ◽  
Y Ghufrani ◽  
A Marliah ◽  
B Basyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Mutant Lines

Abstract This study aimed to obtain the homogeny of M8 soybean lines in an effort to release new high yielding varieties. The research was conducted in Lamsidaya village, and the observation of yield components was carried out at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. This study did not use an experimental design, so that the quantitative characters were observed individually from each plant, then analyzed by estimating the heritability broad sense value and the progress of selection. The material used were var. Kipas Putih and var. Dega1 as control, eight of 7th generation Kipas Putih mutant lines (B4, B7, B10, B12, B13, B15, B18 and B22). All genotypes were planted in rectangular plot 10 m x 1 m, drainage 50 cm, and planting distance 50 cm x 30 cm. Plants were maintained in accordance with the recommendation for soybean cultivation from Balitkabi, and fertilizer NPK (16:16:16) was given 200 g/plot (200 kgha-1). Parameters observed included plant height, flowering time, harvest time, number of productive branches, total number of pods per plant, number of filled pods per plant, percentage of filled pods per plant, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, seed weight per plot, and yield potential. All quantitative characters indicated increase on selection except for the character of plant height, percentage of filled pods and weight of 100 seeds because the heritability value was low. The B18 line has the potential to become a new high yielding variety because it has a high yield potential (3.02 tons ha-1) with a large seed size compared to the other seven mutant lines and is also higher than the parent Kipas Putih and var Dega 1 varieties.

scholarly journals PENAMPILAN HASIL PERSILANGAN NOMOR-NOMOR HARAPAN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
NURLIANI BERMAWIE ◽  
SRI WAHYUNI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Central Java

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Jambu mete merupakan tanaman introduksi yang telah beradaptasi<br />dan berkembang dengan baik di Indonesia, namun sampai saat ini<br />produktivitas dan mutunya masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan produk-<br />tivitas dan mutu gelondong telah dilakukan persilangan dari tahun 1994<br />sampai 1995 antara nomor harapan dengan produksi tinggi namun berberat<br />gelondong kecil (C-Wonogiri, F-Jepara, M-Madura dan A-Tegineneng)<br />dengan nomor yang memiliki berat gelondong besar (S-Segayung).<br />Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Muktiharjo, Pati, Jawa Tengah.<br />Sebanyak sepuluh kombinasi hasil persilangan tetua betina dengan tetua<br />jantan yaitu CxF, CxM, CxA, CxS, FxM, FxA, FxS, MxA, MxS, AxS, dan<br />tetuanya ditanam pada tahun 1996 menggunakan rancangan acak<br />kelompok, dengan jarak tanam 6 x 6 meter, diulang tiga kali dengan<br />jumlah tanaman per unit 6 tanaman. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi<br />tanaman, lingkar batang, lebar kanopi, produksi dan berat gelondong.<br />Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada empat tahun pertama,<br />pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu tinggi dan lebar tajuk sangat pesat. Memasuki<br />masa produksi pertumbuhan agak melambat. Pada awal pertumbuhan,<br />tinggi dan lebar tajuk antar kombinasi persilangan bervariasi, namun<br />setelah memasuki usia produksi tinggi dan lebar tajuk tanaman relatif sama,<br />kecuali pada kombinasi FxM dan MxS tanamannya lebih pendek serta<br />CxF dan MxS memiliki tajuk sempit. Pada awal produksi kombinasi CxA<br />dan FxS memiliki produksi tertinggi, namun pada tahun ke-6 setelah<br />tanam produksi tertinggi adalah FxS dan CxS. Kombinasi persilangan<br />dengan tetua jantan S menghasilkan tanaman yang memiliki buah semu<br />dan berat gelondong yang lebih besar yaitu 7,10 – 8,41 g per butir dengan<br />berat kernel 2,03 – 2,33 g/butir, berat gelondong tetua lokal (3-4 g/butir).<br />Persilangan dengan S dapat memperbaiki sifat berat gelondong sebesar<br />77,5 – 112% dari tetua lokal, sekalipun demikian berat gelondong tersebut<br />masih di bawah berat gelondong tetua S (11 – 13 g/butir). Tetua S cocok<br />digunakan sebagai tetua untuk meningkatkan mutu gelondong (berat) pada<br />tanaman jambu mete.<br />Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., persilangan,<br />hibrida, hasil, mutu, Jawa Tengah</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Growth, yield and quality performances of cashew<br />(Anacardium occidentale L.) resulted from hybridization <br />Cashew is not an Indonesian native plant. Although it has been well<br />adapted and widely cultivated in Indonesia, its productivity and nut quality<br />is still low. To improve productivity and nut quality, ten crossing<br />combinations were made among and between high yielding lines with<br />small nut size (C-Wonogiri, F-Jepara, M-Madura and A-Tegineneng) and<br />a line with big nut size (S-Segayung). The crosses were made from 1994 to<br />1995 at Muktihardjo Experimental Garden, Pati, Central Java. Ten hybrid<br />combinations, i.e. CxF, CxM, CxA, CxS, FxM, FxA, FxS, MxA, MxS,<br />AxS, and its parents were planted in 1996 in a randomized block design<br />with three replications, plant spacing 6 x 6 m and 6 plants per unit.<br />Parameters observed were growth rates indicated by plant height, canopy<br />size and trunk circumference and yield and nut weight. The hybrid plants<br />showed fast vegetative growth indicated by increase in plant height, trunk<br />circumference and canopy diameter with more than 1.5 m per year at the<br />first four years, then decline when entered the reproductive stage.<br />Growth rate at the vegetative stage varied among crossing combinations,<br />then tend to be similar at the reproductive stage, except for FxM and MxS,<br />the plants were smaller that the others. At the first few bearing years,<br />CxA and FxS produced high yield, but at 6 years after planting, the highest<br />yield was obtained from FxS and CxS combinations. Crossing<br />combination with S as the male parent showed variation in fruit and nut<br />weight, 7,10 – 8,41 g per nut with kernel weight 2.03 – 2.33 g, bigger than<br />the nut weight of the local varieties (3-4 g). Crossing with S as the male<br />parent improved nut weight of the local varieties by 77,5 – 112%, but the<br />weight was still below the nut weight of the S parent (11 – 13 g/nut). The<br />S parent is suitable as the male parent for improving nut quality in cashew.<br />Key words: Cashew, Anacardium accidentale L., intervariety crossing,<br />hybrid, yield, quality, Central Java</p>

scholarly journals Line × Tester Mating Design Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour ◽  
Ammar Boutekrabt
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Positive Heterosis

Nine bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) genotypes were crossed in a line × tester mating design. The 20 F1's and their parents were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Field Crop Institute-Agricultural Experimental Station of Setif (Algeria) during the 2011/2012 cropping season. The results indicated that sufficient genetic variability was observed for all characters studied. A899 × Rmada, A899 × Wifak, and A1135 × Wifak hybrids had greater grain yield mean than the parents. A901line and the tester Wifak were good combiners for the number of grains per spike. MD is a good combiner for 1000-kernel weight and number of fertile tillers. HD1220is a good general combiner to reduce plant height; Rmada is a good general combiner to shorten the duration of the vegetative growth period. A901 × Wifak is a best specific combiner to reduce plant height, to increase 1000-kernel weight and number of grains per spike. AA × MD is a best specific combiner to reduce duration of the vegetative period, plant height and to increase the number of kernels per spike. A899 × Wifak showed the highest heterosis for grain yield, accompanied with positive heterosis for the number of fertile tillers and spike length, and negative heterosis for 1000-kernel weight and the number of days to heading.σgca2/σsca2,  (σD2/σA2)1/2low ratios and low to intermediate estimates of h2nssupported the involvement of both additive and nonadditive gene effects. The preponderance of non-additive type of gene actions clearly indicated that selection of superior plants should be postponed to later generation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Gamma-Rays-Induced Spring Wheat Mutants for Morphological and Quality Traits through Multivariate and GT Bi-Plot Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2288
Author(s):  
Sana Zulfiqar ◽  
Shumila Ishfaq ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Nawaz ◽  
Mehboob-ur- Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Mutant Lines

Exploiting new genetic resources is an effective way to achieve sustainable wheat production. To this end, we exposed wheat seeds of the “Punjab-11” cultivar to gamma rays. A total of 32 stable mutants (M7) were developed, followed by characterization by conducting multilocation trials over two seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first six components accounted for 90.28% of the total variation among the plant height, tillers per plant, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield, and quality traits. All mutants were grouped into three clusters based on high yield index values. The genotype by trait (GT) bi-plot revealed significant associations between yield and its components among the mutants. Positive correlations were estimated for tillers per plant, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, and grain yield; however, yield components showed negative associations with protein, moisture, and gluten contents. The mutant lines Pb-M-59 waxy, Pb-M-1272 waxy, Pb-M-2260, Pb-M-1027 waxy, Pb-M-1323 waxy, and Pb-M-1854 exhibited maximum grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and tillers per plant values. Likewise, Pb-M-2725, Pb-M-2550, and Pb-M-2728 were found to be the best mutant lines in terms of grain quality; thus, the use of gamma radiation is effective in improving the desirable traits, including yield and grain quality. It is suggested that these traits can be improved beyond the performance of corresponding traits in their parent genotypes. The newly produced mutants can also be used to explore the genetic mechanisms of complex traits in the future.

scholarly journals Genotypic Selection for Soybean Earliness

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Flaviane O. Ribeiro ◽  
Adriano T. Bruzi ◽  
Mariane C. Bianchi ◽  
Igor O. Soares ◽  
Karina B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

Obtaining early-maturing soybean cultivars with high yield performance has long been the focus of breeding programs. Obtaining the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters can assist breeders at selecting the superior genotypes. Therefore, the aim was to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of progenies throughout the recurrent selection for early maturity in soybeans and to select progenies with superior agronomic traits. S0:1 progenies were evaluated in one site during the 2015/2016 harvest using a 12 &times; 12 lattice design, with one 2-meter row plot with two replicates. The S0:2 progenies were evaluated during the 2016/2017 harvest using an 8 &times; 8 lattice design, with one 3-meter row plot with three replicates. The S0:3 progenies were evaluated during the 2017/2018 harvest using a 5 &times; 5 lattice design, with two 3-meter rows plots with three replicates. Both S0:2 and S0:3 progenies were evaluated in three different sites. The days to flowering, full maturity, first pod insertion height, plant height, lodging index and grain yield traits was evaluated. The data were analyzed using a mixed model approach. The genetic and phenotypic parameters, expected gain with selection, realized heritability, correlated response and the frequency distributions of the adjusted means were estimated. The estimates of the variance components have evidenced variability among the progenies, enabling the selection of superior genotypes. All the evaluated progenies showed good agronomic performance, combining early maturity and productive performance. When early-maturing progenies were selected, there was a reduction in days to flowering, plant height, first pod insertion height, lodging and yield.

Genetic variation and association study for grain yield in germplasm accessions of maize (zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Ear Height

The present investigation aimed to find out the association among yield and its components and to sort out the traits that are directly or indirectly contributing towards yield in landraces of maize genotypes. The eighty eight (88) maize germplasm collections were used in present study during Kharif -2012 and Kharif -2013 in RCBD design. Pooled data and standard statistics were employed (means, ranges, GM±SE, standard error and coefficient of variation etc.) for analysis of the seventeen quantitative traits to have a reflection of the level of genetic variability. A considerable amount of variability was found among germplasms for various important traits viz. plant height, ear weight, ear length, 1000 kernel weight similarly grain yield per plant etc. grain yield exhibited positive and highly significant correlation with ear height, days to female flower initiation, days to 50% male flower initiation, days to 50% female flower initiation, days to maturity, 1000 grain weight, ear weight at genotypic and phenotypic level. Maximum phenotypic correlation coefficient was recorded by cob diameter (0.955) followed by days to female flower initiation (0.758), plant height (0.718*) and days to male flower initiation (0.679).Path analysis indicated that the character ear height (0.410) recorded highest of the direct effect followed by biological yield per plant (0.408), harvest index (0.328), days to female flower initiation (0.32), prop root (0.149) and 1000 kernel weight (0.136), so such traits may be rewarding and they should be given importance while practicing selection, aimed at improving grain yield per plant in maize. The genotypes JLM 22 was to be found best for high yield by considering all yield contributing traits followed by JLM 51, HKI 1344, CML 429, CML 470, JLM 30 JLM 2 and these can be utilized in further breeding programmes for producing single cross hybrids in Maize.

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