Dietary intakes of Canadians in the 1990s using population-weighted data derived from the provincial nutrition surveys

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga H. Dolega-Cieszkowski ◽  
Joan P. Bobyn ◽  
Susan J. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Surveys ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Weighted Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex

Provincial nutrition surveys of adults were conducted between 1990 and 1999 in Canada. Eight reports have been issued, and one is forthcoming. The purpose of this study was to estimate the national dietary intake of adult Canadians, using the publicly available data. Group mean-nutrient-intake data from 16 915 adults, aged 18 to 84 years, from published provincial reports were collated by age and sex for each of 9 provinces (Manitoba data were unavailable). Using Canadian census data appropriate to the year of collection, intake data were weighted to provide 1 national intake value for each nutrient, by 8 age and sex categories. In general, the energy and nutrient intake of adults decreased with age. For every age group, with the exception of vitamin C, intake of nutrients by men was greater than that by women. On the basis of a comparison of recently recommended intakes (Dietary Reference Intakes), the nutrients that are of concern because of inadequate intake include dietary fibre, calcium, magnesium, and folate. The data demonstrate the impact of folate fortification on folate intake; the mean intake became twice that of prefortification levels. This study used group mean-intake data; therefore, we cannot make definitive conclusions about the prevalence of inadequacy for the nutrients. Because of limitations with some provincial response rates, our data should not be construed as representative of the Canadian population. However, because these surveys were completed between the 19701972 Nutrition Canada Survey and the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, these population-weighted data might be a useful point of comparison for monitoring trends in nutrient intake from food.

scholarly journals Breakfast consumption is positively associated with nutrient adequacy in Canadian children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Loretta DiFrancesco ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Impact

Although breakfast is associated with more favourable nutrient intake profiles in children, limited data exist on the impact of breakfast on nutrient adequacy and the potential risk of excessive intakes. Accordingly, we assessed differences in nutrient intake and adequacy among breakfast non-consumers, consumers of breakfasts with ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) and consumers of other types of breakfasts. We used cross-sectional data from 12 281 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years who took part in the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey, 2004. Mean nutrient intakes (obtained using a multiple-pass 24 h recall method) were compared among the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted regression analysis. Usual nutrient intake distributions, generated using the National Cancer Institute method, were used to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy or the potential risk of excessive intakes from food sources alone and from the combination of food plus supplements. Of these Canadian children, 10 % were breakfast non-consumers, 33 % were consumers of RTEC breakfasts and 57 % were consumers of other types of breakfasts. Non-consumption of breakfast increased with age (4–8 years: 2 %; 9–13 years: 9 %; 14–18 years: 18 %). Breakfast consumers had higher covariate-adjusted intakes of energy, many nutrients and fibre, and lower fat intakes. The prevalence of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin D, Ca, Fe and Mg (from food alone or from the combination of food plus supplements) was highest in breakfast non-consumers, intermediate in consumers of other types of breakfasts and lowest in consumers of RTEC breakfast. For vitamin A, P and Zn, breakfast non-consumers had a higher prevalence of nutrient inadequacy than both breakfast groups. The potential risk of excessive nutrient intakes was low in all groups. Efforts to encourage and maintain breakfast consumption in children and adolescents are warranted.

scholarly journals Associations between added sugars and micronutrient intakes and status: further analysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People aged 4 to 18 years

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Gibson ◽  
Alison Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Added sugars are often viewed as ‘empty calories’, negatively impacting micronutrient intakes, yet reviews consider the evidence inconclusive. This study aimed to quantify associations between dietary added sugars (as a percentage of energy) and micronutrient intake and biochemical status in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Using data from 1688 British children aged 4–18 years who completed 7 d weighed dietary records in 1997, micronutrient intakes were examined across quintiles of added sugars. After excluding low energy reporters, mean dietary intakes of most nutrients exceeded the reference nutrient intake, except for zinc. Compared with quintile 1 (9 % added sugars), high consumers in quintile 5 (23 % added sugars) had micronutrient intakes ranging from 24 % lower to 6 % higher (mean 14 % lower). Zinc intakes in quintile 1 v. quintile 5 averaged 93 % v. 78 % of reference nutrient intake; magnesium 114 % v. 94 %; iron 115 % v. 100 %; and vitamin A 111 % v. 92 %, respectively. Plasma levels of magnesium, zinc and carotenoids did not vary across quintiles, but weak negative correlations were observed with serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Plasma selenium was inversely correlated with added sugars (r − 0·17; P < 0·0001) but there was no association with glutathione peroxidase. The impact of added sugars on micronutrient intakes appears modest overall but may have relevance for children consuming inadequate amounts of nutrient-rich foods coupled with a diet high in added sugars (approximately 23 %). Further work is needed to explore the impact of different sources of added sugars and to refine assessments of inadequate intakes and status.

Assessment of Under-Reporting of Energy Intake by Elite Female Gymnasts

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda ◽  
Dan Benardot ◽  
Marian N. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
National Team ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Female Gymnasts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

This study examines the degree of under-reporting of energy intake by elite, female gymnasts, and the impact this predicted under-reporting has on associated macro and micro nutrient intake. Twenty-eight female U.S. national team artistic gymnasts participated in the study. Dietary intake was assessed using 3-day food records, and the degree of under-reporting was predicted from the ratio of reported energy intake (EI) to predicted basal metabolic rate (BMRestd), using the standards described by Goldberg et al. (10). Sixty-one percent of the subjects had an EI/BMRestd ratio of < 1.44, and were classified as under-reporters. The under-reporters had higher BMIs and percent body fat, and lower reported total energy intakes than the adequate energy reporters. Additionally, under-reporting of energy intake had a significant impact on reported micro nutrient intake. The under-reporting of energy intake seen in these subjects has an impact on the reported intake of macro and micro nutrients that can influence the interpretation of the nutritional status of these athletes and the strategy for nutrition intervention. Therefore, when assessing dietary intakes of elite gymnasts, some means of determining the accuracy of the reported energy and nutrient intake should be employed to more accurately identify the true nutritional problems experienced by these elite athletes.

scholarly journals Consumption of Milk and alternatives decreased among Canadians from 2004 to 2015: evidence from the Canadian community health surveys

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Mojtaba Shafiee
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Milk and milk products make important contributions to the diet of Canadians. The aim of this study was to examine trends in Milk & Alternatives consumption among Canadians (≥2 years) from 2004 to 2015. Methods We used nutrition data from 2 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2004 and 2015 [Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2004 Cycle 2.2 and CCHS-Nutrition 2015] to compare Milk & Alternatives consumption between 2004 and 2015. Data from 24-h dietary recalls were collected using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM). Result From 2004 to 2015, the proportion of Canadians consuming Milk & Alternatives food group significantly decreased from 89.5 to 87.7% and the number of servings consumed per day dropped from 1.9 to 1.7. Despite their low energy contribution (12.3% of energy), Milk & Alternatives contributed 45.8% of calcium, 39.9% of vitamin D, and 36.0% of vitamin B12 to the diet of the Canadian population in 2015. Milk & Alternatives were among the top sources of vitamin A, phosphorus and riboflavin. Milk & Alternatives food group was a major contributor to saturated fat intake in both 2004 (31.2%) and 2015 (28.6%). In 2015, dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D among Milk & Alternatives consumers were 137.8, and 59.4% higher, respectively, than those of non-consumers. Conclusion Daily intake of Milk & Alternatives has decreased in the Canadian population over time, which may adversely affect the nutritional profile of the diet.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sampling and Measurement on the Prevalence of Self-Reported Pain in Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Van Den Kerkhof ◽  
Wilma M Hopman ◽  
Tanveer E Towheed ◽  
Tassos P Anastassiades ◽  
David H Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex

BACKGROUND: Pain is an important public health problem in Canada. International estimates of general population pain prevalence range from 2% to 46%.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the potentially misleading use of overall prevalence estimates in the pain literature and to use two Canadian population-based surveys to assess the impact of sampling and measurement on prevalence.METHODS: Two of the secondary data sets used were the 1996/97 National Population and Health Survey (NPHS) and the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). This paper is based on the assessment of chronic pain in the NPHS, and the assessment of short term pain using the Medical Outcomes Trust's 36-item health survey and the Health Utilities Index, both collected by CaMos. Data are presented as frequencies and percentages overall and stratified by age and sex. CaMos prevalence estimates were age and sex-standardized to the NPHS population.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of pain was 39% for one-week pain, 66% for four-week pain and 15% for chronic pain. Women were more likely to report pain than men and the prevalence of pain increased with age.CONCLUSIONS: This study yields useful information about the self-reported responses to a variety of questions assessing pain in the general population. Responses to the different questions likely represent different categories of pain, such as short term versus chronic pain, which in turn may have different epidemiological risk factors and profiles. Longitudinal studies of the epidemiology, predictors and natural history of chronic pain are urgently needed in the Canadian population.

Abstract MP045: Global and Regional Consumption of Major Food Groups in 1990 and 2005: Systematic Analysis of Country-Specific Nutrition Surveys Worldwide.

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Micha ◽  
Shahab Khatibzadeh ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
John Powles ◽  
Peilin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition Surveys ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Country Specific

Background: Food-based research and policy recommendations are highly relevant in the modern era to understand and reduce the pandemics of chronic disease occurring in nearly all nations. Unfortunately, reliable and systematically assessed individual consumption data (as opposed to disappearance data) on food habits and trends have not been available on a global scale. Objective: To produce comprehensive data on consumption of major foods and their uncertainties by country, region, age, and sex in 1990 and 2005. Methods. We developed methods to identify, assess, and obtain exposure data (mean, SD) by age and sex from nationally representative diet surveys worldwide on fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts/seeds, whole grains, seafood, red meats, processed meats, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages. To address missing data and estimate mean intake, we developed and applied a multi-level hierarchical imputation Bayesian model that accounted for country- and region-level data, measurement comparability, study representativeness, and diet assessment method. Time-varying country-level covariates were used to inform estimates, including FAO food availability data, population, GDP, latitude, metabolic risks, and other diet covariates. Uncertainty of the estimates accounted for uncertainty from sampling and statistical modeling. Results: We obtained relevant data (85% by direct author contact) from 165 nationally and 40 non-nationally representative surveys from 109 countries in 20 regions, covering 79% of the global population. Data were most frequently available for fruits and vegetables (Figure). Findings for other foods will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Our systematic analysis of representative country-specific nutrition surveys on a global scale has produced estimates of the exposure distribution of major foods by age, sex, country, region, and time period. Such global assessment is crucial to estimate the impact of diet on chronic diseases worldwide.

scholarly journals Maternal dietary folate, folic acid and vitamin D intakes during pregnancy and lactation and the risk of cows’ milk allergy in the offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetta Tuokkola ◽  
Päivi Luukkainen ◽  
Minna Kaila ◽  
Hanna-Mari Takkinen ◽  
Sari Niinistö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMaternal nutrient intake during pregnancy and lactation potentially influences the development of allergic diseases. Cows’ milk allergy (CMA) is often the first manifestation of atopic diseases, but the impact of early nutritional influences on CMA has not been explored. The associations between maternal intakes of folate, folic acid and vitamin D during pregnancy and lactation were addressed in a prospective, population-based birth cohort within the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. Mothers of 4921 children during pregnancy and 2940 children during lactation provided information on maternal dietary intake during the 8th month of pregnancy and the 3rd month of lactation using a detailed, validated FFQ. Information on diagnosed CMA in the offspring was obtained from a medical registry as well as queried from the parents. The Finnish food composition database was used to calculate nutrient intake. Logistic regression was applied for statistical analyses. Folate intake and folic acid and vitamin D supplement use were associated with an increased risk of CMA in the offspring, whereas vitamin D intake from foods during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of CMA. Thus, maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy and lactation may affect the development of CMA in offspring. Supplementation with folic acid may not be beneficial in terms of CMA development, especially in children of allergic mothers. The association between dietary supplement use and CMA risk can at least partly be explained by increased health-seeking behaviour among more educated mothers who also use more dietary supplements.

Trends in Dietary Intake of Vitamins A, C, and E in German Children and Adolescents – Results of the DONALD Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexy ◽  
Kersting ◽  
Sichert-Hellert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
The Impact

Intake of vitamins A, C, and E was evaluated and age and time trends were assessed on the basis of 3-day weighed dietary records (n = 5121) of 2- to 18-year old boys (n = 417) and girls (n = 425) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) 1986–2001. Intake of vitamin A remains stable over time, intake of vitamin C increases linearly, and intake of vitamin E follows a nonlinear trend. Age trends of vitamins A and C (per MJ) were nonlinear with a minimum at the beginning adolescence, while intake of vitamin E (per MJ) increased linearly. Girls had higher nutrient densities but lower intakes expressed as percent of reference values. Fortified food in total had a higher impact on time trends of nutrient intake than other single food groups defined here. Our results point to the impact of the food industry on long-term nutrient intake, but also underline the necessity of nutrition education even in young age groups to improve vitamin intake.

The Impact of a Potential Public/Private Initiative on a Defined Region of the South Suburban Chicago Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-32
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Market Area ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The university is considered one of the engines of growth in a local economy or its market area, since its direct contributions consist of 1) employment of faculty and staff, 2) services to students, and supply chain links vendors, all of which define the University’s Market area. Indirect contributions consist of those agents associated with the university in terms of community and civic events. Each of these activities represent economic benefits to their host communities and can be classified as the economic impact a university has on its local economy and whose spatial market area includes each of the above agents. In addition are the critical links to the University, which can be considered part of its Demand and Supply chain. This paper contributes to the field of Public/Private Impact Analysis, which is used to substantiate the social and economic benefits of cooperating for economic resources. We use Census data on Output of Goods and Services, Labor Income on Salaries, Wages and Benefits, Indirect State and Local Taxes, Property Tax Revenue, Population, and Inter-Industry to measure economic impact (Implan, 2016).

The Digital Divide and K-12 Student Computer Use

10.28945/2926 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Morgan ◽  
Craig A. VanLengen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact

The divide between those who have computer and Internet access and those who do not appears to be narrowing, however overall statistics may be misleading. Measures of computer availability in schools often include cases where computers are only available for administration or are available only on a very limited basis (Gootman, 2004). Access to a computer and the Internet outside of school helps to reinforce student learning and emphasize the importance of using technology. Recent U.S. statistics indicate that ethnic background and other demographic characteristics still have substantial impact on the availability and use of computers by students outside of the classroom. This paper examines recent census data to determine the impact of the household on student computer use outside of the classroom. Encouragingly, the findings of this study suggest that use of a computer at school substantially increases the chance that a student will use a computer outside of class. Additionally, this study suggests that computer use outside of the classroom is positively and significantly impacted by being in a household with adults who either use a computer at work or work in an industry where computers are extensively used.

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