The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on the Distribution of Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity Throughout Muscle Fibres

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
Gordon J. Bell ◽  
Teresa Socha ◽  
Tom Martin
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Subsarcolemmal Mitochondria

We evaluated the effect of endurance training (cycling 3 times per week for 12 weeks) on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) regions of vastus lateralis muscle fibres in 7 individuals (4 females and 3 males). SDH activity of the SS region increased 9.4% and 12.8% in type I and II fibres, respectively (p < .05). SDH activity of the IMF region increased 4.7% and 6.7% in type I and II fibres, respectively (p < .05). This was less than the increase in the SS region (p < .O5). No significant changes were observed in a control group (4 females and 3 males). These data suggest that mitochondria in the SS and IMF regions of human vastus lateralis muscle fibres are sensitive to endurance training. The greater response in the SS region suggests that the metabolic requirements of SS mitochondria were stressed to a greater extent than IMF mitochondria with endurance training. Key words: subsarcolemmal mitochondria, intermyofibrillar mitochondria

scholarly journals Calcium and strontium contractile activation properties of single skinned skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women 66-90 years of age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue M Ronaldson ◽  
George D Stephenson ◽  
Stewart I Head
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The single skinned muscle fibre technique was used to investigate Ca2+- and Sr2+- activation properties of skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women (66-90 years). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle. Three populations of muscle fibres were identified according to their specific Sr2+- activation properties: slow-twitch (type I) fast-twitch (type II) and hybrid (type I/II) fibres. All three fibre types were sampled from the biopsies of 66 to 72 years old women, but the muscle biopsies of women older than 80 years yielded only slow-twitch (type I) fibres. The proportion of hybrid fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle of women of circa 70 years of age (24%) was several-fold greater than in the same muscle of adults (<10%), suggesting that muscle remodelling occurs around this age. There were no differences between the Ca2+- and Sr2+- activation properties of slow-twitch fibres from the two groups of elderly women, but there were differences compared with muscle fibres from adults with respect to sensitivity to Ca2+, steepness of the activation curves, and characteristics of the fibre-type dependent phenomenon of spontaneous force oscillations (SOMO) occurring at sub-maximal levels of activation. The maximal Ca2+ activated specific force from all the fibres collected from the seven old women use in the present study was significantly lower by 20% than in the same muscle of adults. Taken together these results show there are qualitative and quantitative changes in the activation properties of the contractile apparatus of muscle fibres from the vastus lateralis muscle of women with advancing age, and that these changes need to be considered when explaining observed changes in womens mobility with aging.

Glycogen Depletion of Human Skeletal Muscle Fibers in Response to High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel J. Johnson ◽  
Gilles Lortie ◽  
Jean-Aimé Simoneau ◽  
Marcel R. Boulay
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lateralis Muscle

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of change in muscular glycogen content in response to high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFES). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of 7 healthy young men before, 15 min after, and 30 min after electrical stimulation delivered at a 50-Hz frequency (15 s on, 45 s off) at an intensity of 100 mA. The glycogen content of type I, IIA, and IIB muscle fibres was evaluated using microphotometry of periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stained fibres. After 15 min of electrical stimulation, the glycogen content in type I, IIA, and IIB muscle fibres significantly decreased from 113 ± 10 (mean ± SE) to 103 ± 10 (p ≤ 0.05), 129 ± 9 to 102 ± 12 (p ≤ 0.01), and 118 ± 8 to 90 ± 13 (p ≤ 0.01) arbitrary relative units, respectively. No further decrement in glycogen content was observed in all three fibre types following an additional 15 min of HFES. In addition, isometric force decreased by approximately 50%, from 125.9 ± 20.0 N to 64.2 ± 7.7 N (p ≤ 0.01), during the first 15 contractions. No further decrease in isometric force was observed following an additional 15 contractions of HFES. These results reveal that significant reductions in isometric force of knee extensor muscles and glycogen content of all human skeletal muscle fibre types in vastus lateralis muscle are observable after 15 min of neuromuscular high-frequency transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Key words: energy metabolism, isometric strength

scholarly journals Myofibril and Mitochondrial Area Changes in Type I and II Fibers Following 10 Weeks of Resistance Training in Previously Untrained Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley A. Ruple ◽  
Joshua S. Godwin ◽  
Paulo H. C. Mesquita ◽  
Shelby C. Osburn ◽  
Casey L. Sexton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Actin Protein

Resistance training increases muscle fiber hypertrophy, but the morphological adaptations that occur within muscle fibers remain largely unresolved. Fifteen males with minimal training experience (24±4years, 23.9±3.1kg/m2 body mass index) performed 10weeks of conventional, full-body resistance training (2× weekly). Body composition, the radiological density of the vastus lateralis muscle using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained 1week prior to and 72h following the last training bout. Quantification of myofibril and mitochondrial areas in type I (positive for MyHC I) and II (positive for MyHC IIa/IIx) fibers was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances per wet muscle weight as well as citrate synthase (CS) activity assays were also obtained on tissue lysates. Training increased whole-body lean mass, mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area, mean and type II fiber cross-sectional areas (fCSA), and maximal strength values for leg press, bench press, and deadlift (p&lt;0.05). The intracellular area occupied by myofibrils in type I or II fibers was not altered with training, suggesting a proportional expansion of myofibrils with fCSA increases. However, our histological analysis was unable to differentiate whether increases in myofibril number or girth occurred. Relative myosin heavy chain and actin protein abundances also did not change with training. IHC indicated training increased mitochondrial areas in both fiber types (p=0.018), albeit CS activity levels remained unaltered with training suggesting a discordance between these assays. Interestingly, although pQCT-derived muscle density increased with training (p=0.036), suggestive of myofibril packing, a positive association existed between training-induced changes in this metric and changes in mean fiber myofibril area (r=0.600, p=0.018). To summarize, our data imply that shorter-term resistance training promotes a proportional expansion of the area occupied by myofibrils and a disproportional expansion of the area occupied by mitochondria in type I and II fibers. Additionally, IHC and biochemical techniques should be viewed independently from one another given the lack of agreement between the variables assessed herein. Finally, the pQCT may be a viable tool to non-invasively track morphological changes (specifically myofibril density) in muscle tissue.

Endurance training, expression, and physiology of LDH, MCT1, and MCT4 in human skeletal muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. E571-E579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Dubouchaud ◽  
Gail E. Butterfield ◽  
Eugene E. Wolfel ◽  
Bryan C. Bergman ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Lactate Shuttle ◽  
Lactate Release ◽  
Before And After

To evaluate the effects of endurance training on the expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) in human vastus lateralis muscle, we compared the amounts of MCT1 and MCT4 in total muscle preparations (MU) and sarcolemma-enriched (SL) and mitochondria-enriched (MI) fractions before and after training. To determine if changes in muscle lactate release and oxidation were associated with training-induced changes in MCT expression, we correlated band densities in Western blots to lactate kinetics determined in vivo. Nine weeks of leg cycle endurance training [75% peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak)] increased muscle citrate synthase activity (+75%, P < 0.05) and percentage of type I myosin heavy chain (+50%, P < 0.05); percentage of MU lactate dehydrogenase-5 (M4) isozyme decreased (−12%, P < 0.05). MCT1 was detected in SL and MI fractions, and MCT4 was localized to the SL. Muscle MCT1 contents were consistent among subjects both before and after training; in contrast, MCT4 contents showed large interindividual variations. MCT1 amounts significantly increased in MU, SL, and MI after training (+90%, +60%, and +78%, respectively), whereas SL but not MU MCT4 content increased after training (+47%, P < 0.05). Mitochondrial MCT1 content was negatively correlated to net leg lactate release at rest ( r = −0.85, P < 0.02). Sarcolemmal MCT1 and MCT4 contents correlated positively to net leg lactate release at 5 min of exercise at 65%V˙o 2 peak ( r = 0.76, P < 0.03 and r = 0.86, P < 0.01, respectively). Results support the conclusions that 1) endurance training increases expression of MCT1 in muscle because of insertion of MCT1 into both sarcolemmal and mitochondrial membranes, 2) training has variable effects on sarcolemmal MCT4, and 3) both MCT1 and MCT4 participate in the cell-cell lactate shuttle, whereas MCT1 facilitates operation of the intracellular lactate shuttle.

Similar changes of gene expression in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise and multiple fine needle biopsies

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Friedmann-Bette ◽  
Fides Regina Schwartz ◽  
Holger Eckhardt ◽  
Rudolf Billeter ◽  
Gabriel Bonaterra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Lateralis Muscle

Repeated biopsy sampling from one muscle is necessary to investigate muscular adaptation to different forms of exercise as adaptation is thought to be the result of cumulative effects of transient changes in gene expression in response to single exercise bouts. In a crossover study, we obtained four fine needle biopsies from one vastus lateralis muscle of 11 male subjects (25.9 ± 3.8 yr, 179.2 ± 4.8 cm, 76.5 ± 7.0 kg), taken before (baseline), 1, 4, and 24 h after one bout of squatting exercise performed as conventional squatting or as whole body vibration exercise. To investigate if the repeated biopsy sampling has a confounding effect on the observed changes in gene expression, four fine needle biopsies from one vastus lateralis muscle were also taken from 8 male nonexercising control subjects (24.5 ± 3.7 yr, 180.6 ± 1.2 cm, 81.2 ± 1.6 kg) at the equivalent time points. Using RT-PCR, we observed similar patterns of change in the squatting as well as in the control group for the mRNAs of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1, p21, phosphofructokinase, and glucose transporter in relation to the baseline biopsy. In conclusion, multiple fine needle biopsies obtained from the same muscle region can per se influence the expression of marker genes induced by an acute bout of resistance exercise.

scholarly journals Endurance training does not alter the level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in human skeletal muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Frandsen ◽  
L. Höffner ◽  
A. Betak ◽  
B. Saltin ◽  
J. Bangsbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The effect of endurance training on neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) content and distribution in muscle was investigated. Seven male subjects performed 6 wk of one-legged knee-extensor endurance training ( protocol A). Muscle biopsies, obtained from vastus lateralis muscle in the untrained and the trained leg, were analyzed for nNOS protein and activity as well as immunohistochemical distribution of nNOS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Muscle biopsies were also obtained from another seven male subjects before and after 6 wk of training by endurance running (p rotocol B) and analyzed for nNOS protein. No difference was found in the amount of nNOS protein in the untrained and the trained muscle either with protocol Aor protocol B ( P > 0.05). In protocol A, the activity of nNOS was 4.76 ± 0.56 pmol · mg protein−1 · min−1 in the control leg, and the level was not different in the trained leg ( P> 0.05). nNOS was present in the sarcolemma and cytosol of type I and type II muscle fibers, and the qualitative distribution was similar in untrained and trained muscle. The number of eNOS immunoreactive structures and the number of capillaries per muscle fiber were higher ( P < 0.05) after training than before. The present findings demonstrate that, in contrast to findings on animals, nNOS levels remain unaltered with endurance training in humans. Evidence is also provided that endurance training may increase the amount of eNOS, in parallel with an increase in capillaries in human muscle.

Endurance training-induced changes in alkali light chain patterns in type IIB fibers of the rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Wada ◽  
Shuichiro Inashima ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
Satoshi Matsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Myosin Light Chain ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

The effects of endurance training on the expression of myosin were electrophoretically analyzed in the deep portion of vastus lateralis muscle from the rat. A 10-wk running program led to increases ( P < 0.01) in myosin heavy chain (MHC) 2a and 2d with a decrease ( P < 0.01) in MHC2b. Training also evoked a rearrangement of the isomyosin pattern with decreases in fast isomyosin (FM) 1 ( P < 0.01) and FM2 ( P < 0.05) and a rise in intermediate isomyosin ( P < 0.01). These changes were accompanied by a 61% decrease ( P < 0.01) in myosin light chain (MLC) 3F (11.8 ± 2.7 vs. 4.6 ± 4.2%). Two-dimensional electrophoresis made it possible to separate the triplet of isomyosins (FMb) consisting of MHC2b. Training elicited a 26% decrease ( P < 0.05) in the FM1b fraction within FMb, i.e., FM1b/(FM1b + FM2b + FM3b) (24.2 ± 5.5 vs. 18.0 ± 4.3%). These changes resulted in a 10% decrease ( P < 0.05) in the MLC3Ffraction, i.e., MLC3F/(MLC1F + MLC3F), in FMb (44.9 ± 4.5 vs. 40.3 ± 3.2%). These results suggest that endurance training may exert the depressive effect on the contractile velocity of type IIB fibers and that a training-induced decrease in the contractile velocity of whole muscle may be caused by alterations in fast alkali MLC complements within a given fiber type as well as by transitions in MHC-based fiber populations.

scholarly journals Influence of prolonged endurance cycling and recovery diet on intramuscular triglyceride content in trained males

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. E804-E811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling ◽  
René Koopman ◽  
Anton J. M. Wagenmakers ◽  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Quantitative Fluorescence

Intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) are assumed to form an important substrate source during prolonged endurance exercise in trained males. This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise and recovery diet on IMTG content in vastus lateralis muscle. Nine male cyclists were provided with a standardized diet for 3 days, after which they performed a 3-h exercise trial at a 55% maximum workload. Before and immediately after exercise and after 24 and 48 h of recovery, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed to quantitate IMTG content. Muscle biopsies were taken after 48 h of recovery to determine IMTG content by using quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The entire procedure was performed two times; in one trial, a normal diet containing 39% energy (En%) as fat was provided (NF) and in the other a typical carbohydrate-rich athlete's diet (LF: 24 En% fat) was provided. During exercise, IMTG content decreased by 21.4 ± 3.1%. During recovery, IMTG content increased significantly in the NF trial only, reaching preexercise levels within 48 h. In accord with MRS, fluorescence microscopy showed significantly higher IMTG content in the NF compared with the LF trial, with differences restricted to the type I muscle fibers (2.1 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2% area lipid staining, respectively). In conclusion, IMTG content in the vastus lateralis muscle declines significantly during prolonged endurance exercise in male cyclists. When a normal diet is used, IMTG contents are subsequently repleted within 48 h of postexercise recovery. In contrast, IMTG repletion is impaired substantially when a typical, carbohydrate-rich athlete's diet is used. Data obtained by quantitative fluorescence microscopy correspond well with MRS results, implying that both are valid methods to quantify IMTG content.

scholarly journals Dose atrophy of vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis exist in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Conglei Dong ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Kuo Hao ◽  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Kang Piao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Vastus Medialis Obliquus ◽  
Lateralis Muscle

Abstract Background Whether vastus medialis obliquus atrophy exists in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and whether the amount of atrophy differs between the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles remain unknown. Materials From June 2016 to March 2019, 61 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were retrospectively included in the study group, and an age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched cohort of 61 patients with normal knees was randomly selected as the control group. All enrolled subjects had undergone CT scans in the supine position. The cross-sectional areas of the vastus medialis obliquus and the vastus lateralis muscle in the sections 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm above the upper pole of the patella were measured, and the vastus medialis obliquus/vastus lateralis muscle area ratio was evaluated. Results In the study group, the vastus medialis obliquus areas and the vastus lateralis muscle areas in the sections that were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm above the upper pole of the patella were significantly smaller than the respective areas in the control group (P < 0.05). The vastus medialis obliquus/vastus lateralis muscle area ratio was significantly smaller at the upper pole of the patella (the section 0 mm above the upper pole of the patella) than the corresponding ratio in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was noted between the two groups in the sections 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm above the upper pole of the patella (P > 0.05). Conclusion In patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscle atrophy existed in sections 0–20 mm above the upper pole of the patella, compared with normal controls, and atrophy of the vastus medialis obliquus was more evident than that of the vastus lateralis muscle at the upper pole of the patella. These findings support the rationale for the use of general quadriceps exercise combined with vastus medialis obliquus strengthening exercise as part of the rehabilitation programme for the patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle within 6 mo of injury

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Castro ◽  
David F. Apple ◽  
Robert S. Staron ◽  
Gerson E. R. Campos ◽  
Gary A. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I Fibers ◽  
Femoris Muscle ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the influence of spinal cord injury (SCI) on affected skeletal muscle. The right vastus lateralis muscle was biopsied in 12 patients as soon as they were clinically stable (average 6 wk after SCI), and 11 and 24 wk after injury. Samples were also taken from nine able-bodied controls at two time points 18 wk apart. Surface electrical stimulation (ES) was applied to the left quadriceps femoris muscle to assess fatigue at these same time intervals. Biopsies were analyzed for fiber type percent and cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber type-specific succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activities, and myosin heavy chain percent. Controls showed no change in any variable over time. Patients showed 27–56% atrophy ( P = 0.000) of type I, IIa, and IIax+IIx fibers from 6 to 24 wk after injury, resulting in fiber CSA approximately one-third that of controls. Their fiber type specific SDH and GPDH activities increased ( P ≤ 0.001) from 32 to 90% over the 18 wk, thereby approaching or surpassing control values. The relative CSA of type I fibers and percentage of myosin heavy chain type I did not change. There was apparent conversion among type II fiber subtypes; type IIa decreased and type IIax+IIx increased ( P ≤ 0.012). Force loss during ES did not change over time for either group but was greater ( P = 0.000) for SCI patients than for controls overall (27 vs. 9%). The results indicate that vastus lateralis muscle shows marked fiber atrophy, no change in the proportion of type I fibers, and a relative independence of metabolic enzyme levels from activation during the first 24 wk after clinically complete SCI. Over this time, quadriceps femoris muscle showed moderately greater force loss during ES in patients than in controls. It is suggested that the predominant response of mixed human skeletal muscle within 6 mo of SCI is loss of contractile protein. Therapeutic interventions could take advantage of this to increase muscle mass.

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