Canadian highway bridge evaluation: a general overview of Clause 12 of CSA Standard CAN/CSA-S6-88

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Buckland ◽  
F. Michael Bartlett

Because upgrading a bridge is usually far more costly than incorporating extra capacity at the design stage, a different approach is appropriate. Clause 12 of CAN/CSA-S6-88, published in 1990, was developed specifically for evaluation. The development of Clause 12 is reviewed, as is the philosophy of varying the load factors based on how well the loads are known, the consequences of failure, and other variables. An overview of Clause 12 is presented and reference is given to three companion papers describing the derivation of numerical values used in Clause 12 and their adaptation for the Standard. Key words: bridges, evaluation, assessment.

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Michael Bartlett ◽  
Peter G. Buckland ◽  
D. J. Laurie Kennedy

Improvements to Clause 12 of CAN/CSA Standard S6-88 "Design of highway bridges" required the transformation of basic findings into a form suitable for use by evaluators. The number of dead load categories was reduced, and the rating equation was simplified. Rating factors calculated using the new criteria were checked against past practice. Practical guidelines for material grade identification and the evaluation of deteriorated components were developed. Three examples of the application of the provisions are included. Key words: calibration, codes (standards), evaluation, highway bridges, load and resistance factors, mean load method, safety.


Author(s):  
Гүлия Эрмат кызы

Аннотация: В статье предлагается общий обзор двуязычия в Кыргызской Республике и необходимости изучения иностранных языков для развития толерантной личности. Особое внимание уделяется языковым навыкам обучающихся как одному из важных условий развития страны в целом. Соблюдение координации в преподавании иностранного, русского и родного языков является одним из главных стимулов поддержания и повышения интереса к изучению языков. Владение несколькими языками дает человеку способность осуществлять коммуникативную деятельность и стремиться к расширению лингвистического мировоззрения. Многоязыковая коммуникативная способность населения также может рассматриваться как одно из условий экономического роста в республике. Ключевые слова: Двуязычие, полиязычие, культура, национальность, конкурентоспособность, стратегия, образовательные реформы, коммуникативные навыки, лингвистическое сознание, гражданская интеграция Аннотация: Макалада Кыргыз Республикасындагы орун алган билингвизм боюнча жалпы сереп сунушталып, коомдогу толеранттуулукту илгерилетүүдө чет тилдерди үйрөнүү зарылчылыгы баяндалат. Өлкөнүн бүтүндөй өнүгүү жолунда, маанилүү шарттардын бири – бул англис, орус жана кыргыз тилдерин окутуудагы болгон координациянын сакталышы эсептелинет. Адамдын бир нече тилдерди билүүсү, ага болгон кызыгуу менен гана чектелип кала бербестен, жеке коммуникативдик жөндөмдү андан ары кеңейтүүгө өбөлгө түзөт. Жергиликтүү калктын коммуникативдик потенциалы өлкөнүн экономикалык өсүүсүнө түздөн-түз таасирин тийгизип, жарандык интеграцияга мүмкүнчүлүк түзүлөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: Билингвизм, полилингвизм, маданият, улут, атаандаштык, стратегия, билим берүү реформасы, коммуникативдик аң-сезим, жарандык интеграция. The article offers a general overview of bilingualism in the Kyrgyz Republic and the need to learn foreign languages for advancing tolerance in a society. Special attention is paid to the language skills of people as one of the important development conditions of the country itself. Compliance with coordination in the teaching of the English, Russian and Kyrgyz languages is one of the main ways to maintain and increase interest in the study of languages. Knowledge of several languages gives a person an ability to carry out communicative activities and strive to expand own linguistic worldview. Multilingual communicative capacity of the local population can also be considered as one of the conditions for economic growth in the country. Key words and phrases: Bilingualism, polylinguism, culture, nationality, competitiveness, strategy, educational reforms, communication skills, linguistic consciousness, civil integration.


1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Allen

So that the limited funds available for bridge upgrading can be spent in the most effective manner, the reliability index assumed for evaluation of existing bridges requires a closer definition than that assumed for the design of new bridges. A reliability index which varies between 2.0 and 3.75 is determined for bridge evaluation in Clause 12 of CAN/CSA-S6-88 on the basis for life-safety considerations and calibration to experience. The reliability index is chosen by the evaluator as a function of structural behaviour, level of inspection and evaluation, and traffic situation for which the evaluation is made, all of which affect life safety. Economic considerations are also taken into account; the highway authority may, however, wish to increase the values of the reliability index for critical bridges whose failure seriously affects the traffic network. Key words: bridge evaluation, reliability index, life safety, economics.


1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baidar Bakht ◽  
Leslie G. Jaeger

Two posted bridges, with pin-connected steel trusses, were recently proof tested in Ontario. This paper presents some results of the tests and draws conclusions, which are also applicable to other similar structures. It is concluded that, unlike other bridge types, this type of bridge does not possess reserve strengths beyond those ascertained analytically. An experimental procedure is given in the paper using which the ratio of dead loads in the two components of a tension chord can be readily determined. This paper also describes a procedure by which equivalence between the test and design vehicles is established, thereby providing a basis for determination of the posting loads. Key words: bridge evaluation, bridge testing, pin-connected truss, posting load, proof test, through truss, steel truss, tension chord.


1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-899
Author(s):  
B. DeV. Batchelor ◽  
Jayanth Srinivasan ◽  
Mark F. Green

The calculation of prestress losses by the age-adjusted effective modulus method is analyzed and compared with the Ontario highway bridge design code predictions for partially prestressed concrete. Specifically, the effect of nonprestressed reinforcement on prestress losses is studied. The age-adjusted effective modulus method for calculating prestress losses is outlined, and plots of prestress losses versus partial prestressing ratio are presented and analyzed. It is shown that prestress losses decrease with increasing amounts of nonprestressed reinforcement. Also, the Ontario highway bridge design code expressions, which are intended for use with fully prestressed sections, are not suitable for use in the design of partially prestressed concrete members. Key words: concrete (prestress), design, partial prestressing, prestress losses.


Author(s):  
Aftab Mufti ◽  
Farnaz Raeisi ◽  
Huma Khalid ◽  
Andy Horosko ◽  
Baidar Bakht

The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) uses the concept of a target reliability index for evaluating the load carrying capacity of existing bridges. This index, which is based on risk to human life, relates to three aspects of uncertainties inherent in a bridge; (a) element behaviour, (b) system behavior, and (c) inspection level, where the inspection level currently refers to only manual inspections. Citing examples of tests on many instrumented bridges, the paper proposes an additional inspection level for inspections done with the help of electronic instruments and tests under controlled vehicle loads. The paper proposes simple additions to clauses of the CHBDC, for use when determining the optimum load carrying capacities of existing bridges where structural health monitoring (SHM) information is available.


ALQALAM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Muhamad Shoheh

This paper discusses the context of the written text of al­Jawahir al-khamsah by Syaikh al-MuhammadAl-Gaus al-Hindi and its relation to a number of other texts which become the source of reference teaching institutes Syattariyah. It also discussed the important position of al-Jawahir al-khamsah text for the followers of the Syattariyah congregation, as well as a general overview of the distribution of copies either in India, Haramayn, and the archipelago. Kitab Al-Jawahir Al-khamsah is a practical book for the followers of Syattariyah congregation the most popular, because it was written based on the author's experience of spiritual exercises tauGt by the teacher, Syaikh Zuhur al-Haji Huduri, for more than 13 years at the top of Mount Janar (Cunar), North India. Kitab al-Jawahir al-Khamsah is a complement of the book of reference Lata'if al-Gaibiyyah and Risalah Syatariyah. So called, because the book of al-Jawahir al-Khamsah contains concepts the idea of founders Syattariyah (Syaikh 'Abdullah al-Syattar} and his followers (Syaikh Baha'uddin), but in a more practical form. Syaikh al-Mufammad Al-Gaus called it asa ''jewel" (الجوهر ) consisting of 'compassion' ('ibadah) and the procedures, zuhd and the procedures, and the procedures creations of prayer, remembrance and the procedures, as well as about the legacy of truth and 'a 'mal al-muhaqqiqin (deeds experts nature) and how to take it. Until now discovered at least five copies of the manuscript al-Jawahir al-Khamsah scattered in various regions, such as India, the Archipelago, Leiden (Netherlands), Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia as one of the countries in the area of North Africa. The manuscript consecutively numbered and each code: 189 خ- ج ; A 37; A 42; Cod.Or. 7201; and A-MSS-07150. This limited findings certainly do not rule out the existence of a copy of the manuscript al-Jawahir al-Khamsah other in other countries, particularly in India and Pakistan as well as Asean countries other than Indonesia. Key Words: Naskah al-Jawahir al-Khamsah, Tarekat Syattariyah, Kesultanan Banten, al-Ism al-A”zam, Asma 'ul husna.  


Author(s):  
Andrew James MacDonald ◽  
Mike Bartlett ◽  
Gordon R.G. Wight

Military vehicles are sometimes required to transit bridges owned and operated by civilian bridge authorities. Using available data regarding the gross vehicle weight and associated axle loads of military traffic, live load factors, calibrated to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, are proposed for bridge design and evaluation. This paper recommends live load factors for three categories military vehicles: (1) Wheeled-Transport vehicles; (2) Wheeled-Fighting vehicles; and (3) Tracked-Fighting vehicles. The values are derived for interior girders of a simply supported slab-on-girder bridges subjected to a single lane of traffic loading and are believed to be generally applicable for other structural elements and bridge types. Inherent differences between fighting vehicles, which are heavily armoured, and transport vehicles, which although armoured have high payloads, suggest that highway bridges should be evaluated separately for military fighting vehicles and military transport vehicles using distinct live load factors. Keywords: Bridge Evaluation, Code Calibration, Military Vehicles.


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