THE EFFECT OF FATTY ACIDS ON GROWTH AND ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BY STREPTOMYCES

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Total Growth

The ability of lipid materials to enhance the growth of Streptomyces has been demonstrated. The addition of corn oil or unsaturated fatty acids not only increases the total growth in the presence of carbohydrate but also provides a readily utilizable source of carbon and energy in the absence of carbohydrate. For most antibiotic-producing cultures investigated, the antibiotic produced was enhanced in direct proportion to the increase in growth. Organisms producing Cycloheximide or polyene-type antibiotics were disproportionately stimulated in the production of antibiotic.

Lipid peroxidation as one mode of action in ochratoxin A toxicity in rats and chicks

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Hoehler ◽  
Ronald R. Marquardt ◽  
Andrew A.F. Rohlich
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Iron Catalyst ◽  
Different Tissues

The objective of this study was to determine whether lipid peroxidation is one mode of action in ochratoxin A (OA) toxicity in vivo. Lipid peroxidation was monitored by analyzing malondialdehyde (MDA) in different tissues by HPLC. A refinement study on the MDA assay was carried out, which showed the importance of the addition of an iron catalyst for the decomposition of hydroperoxides to yield a maximum amount of MDA from a given sample. The rat experiment was designed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using 4 × 6 animals. The four different diets were fed for 21 d and contained either 1% corn oil and 9% tallow (Diets I and III) or 10% corn oil (Diets II and IV); in groups III and IV, 5 mg OA were added per kilogram of diet. For the chick experiment 4 × 8 Leghorn cockerels received diets for 14 d with no added sunflower oil (Diets I and III), whereas the diets of groups II and IV were supplemented with 2.5% sunflower oil. In groups III and IV, 2.5 mg OA were added per kilogram of diet. In both experiments OA decreased the performance of the animals significantly. In the rat experiment an increased lipid peroxidation due to a higher dietary level of unsaturated fatty acids could be obtained, when muscle samples were oxidatively stressed with Fe3+ and ascorbic acid. In the chick experiment there were very clear effects of the dietary treatment on the MDA concentrations of different tissues, as both a higher supply with unsaturated fatty acids and OA increased most of the MDA values significantly. These data suggest that lipid peroxides are formed in vivo by OA, but the effects may vary considerably from species to species, and may also be influenced by other factors. Key words: Ochratoxin A, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, rat, chick

EFFECTS OF SATURATED FAT IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Similar Content

The effects of increasing the saturated fatty acids in a dietary vegetable oil composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids were studied in rats. A mixture of palm oil and Swedish rapeseed oil fed for 4 weeks as 20% of a purified diet promoted weight gains which exceeded those obtained with Polish rapeseed oil of a similar content of erucic acid, and altered the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the tissues to reflect that of the diet. When methyl esters of saturated fatty acids were added to Swedish rapeseed oil, similar effects on weight gain were not observed, but methyl esters of fatty acids from corn oil and rapeseed oil were shown to be of less nutritional value than the original glycerides. From fatty acids of olive oil, glycerides containing 3% palmitic acid were prepared, and produced weight gains which did not differ significantly from those of rats fed Polish rapeseed oil with a similar content of palmitic acid and 20% erucic acid. The characteristic effects of rapeseed oil are, therefore, attributed to its low content of saturated fatty acids as well as its high content of erucic acid.

Adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA is increased by obesity and decreased by polyunsaturated fatty acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. E44-E49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Jones ◽  
M. A. Maher ◽  
W. J. Banz ◽  
M. B. Zemel ◽  
J. Whelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is a key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Although regulation of hepatic SCD by obesity and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been well investigated, no studies have addressed whether similar regulation occurs in adipose tissue. We addressed these questions by feeding control (12% corn oil) and high-PUFA (48% corn oil) diets to lean and obese Zucker rats and analyzing SCD mRNA levels in adipose tissue and liver. We report that SCD mRNA content was dramatically elevated in adipose tissue of obese vs. lean rats on both diets and was significantly decreased by PUFA in both genotypes. Interestingly, we demonstrate that SCD expression was directly downregulated in a dose dependent manner by PUFA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We conclude that 1) obese Zucker rats overexpress the SCD gene in both liver and adipose tissue and 2) PUFA directly suppress SCD expression in adipocytes. Further studies will elucidate the mechanisms responsible for obesity- and PUFA-mediated regulation of SCD in adipose cells.

scholarly journals Corn oil supplementation enhances hydrogen use for biohydrogenation, inhibits methanogenesis, and alters fermentation pathways and the microbial community in the rumen of goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 4999-5008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Min Zhang ◽  
Rodolfo F Medrano ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin ◽  
Zhi Yuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Gene Copies

Abstract Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are not only an important source of greenhouse gases but also a loss of dietary energy in livestock. Corn oil (CO) is rich in unsaturated fatty acid with >50% PUFA, which may enhance ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, leading to changes in ruminal H2 metabolism and methanogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CO supplementation of a diet on CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, ruminal dissolved gases, fermentation, and microbiota in goats. Six female goats were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments, which included control and CO supplementation (30 g/kg DM basis). CO supplementation did not alter total-tract organic matter digestibility or populations of predominant ruminal fibrolytic microorganisms (protozoa, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes), but reduced enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI, −15.1%, P = 0.003). CO supplementation decreased ruminal dissolved hydrogen (dH2, P < 0.001) and dissolved CH4 (P < 0.001) concentrations, proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001) and propionate (P = 0.015), and increased proportions of total SFAs (P < 0.001) and acetate (P < 0.001), and acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.038) in rumen fluid. CO supplementation decreased relative abundance of family Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group (P = 0.032), increased relative abundance of family Rikenellaceae (P = 0.021) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.025), and tended to increase relative abundance of genus Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.06). Relative abundance (P = 0.09) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.043) of order Methanomicrobiales, and relative abundance of genus Methanomicrobium (P = 0.09) also decreased with CO supplementation, but relative abundance (P = 0.012) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.08) of genus Methanobrevibacter increased. In summary, CO supplementation increased rumen biohydrogenatation by facilitating growth of biohydrogenating bacteria of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Butyrivibrio_2 and may have enhanced reductive acetogenesis by facilitating growth of family Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CO led to a shift of fermentation pathways that enhanced acetate production and decreased rumen dH2 concentration and CH4 emissions.

EFFECTS OF SATURATED FAT IN RATS FED RAPESEED OIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
J. A. Campbell ◽  
C. G. Youngs ◽  
B. M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Similar Content

The effects of increasing the saturated fatty acids in a dietary vegetable oil composed mostly of unsaturated fatty acids were studied in rats. A mixture of palm oil and Swedish rapeseed oil fed for 4 weeks as 20% of a purified diet promoted weight gains which exceeded those obtained with Polish rapeseed oil of a similar content of erucic acid, and altered the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the tissues to reflect that of the diet. When methyl esters of saturated fatty acids were added to Swedish rapeseed oil, similar effects on weight gain were not observed, but methyl esters of fatty acids from corn oil and rapeseed oil were shown to be of less nutritional value than the original glycerides. From fatty acids of olive oil, glycerides containing 3% palmitic acid were prepared, and produced weight gains which did not differ significantly from those of rats fed Polish rapeseed oil with a similar content of palmitic acid and 20% erucic acid. The characteristic effects of rapeseed oil are, therefore, attributed to its low content of saturated fatty acids as well as its high content of erucic acid.

scholarly journals Cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids in edible oils to prepare trans fat

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Liu ◽  
G. H. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Trans Isomerization ◽  
Camellia Seed Oil

Trans fats, unsaturated fatty acids with at least one double bond in the trans configuration, have received a great amount of attention in the field of oleo chemistry and safety. In this work, the cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids in edible oils has been successfully developed using simple and cheap p-toluenesulfinic acid as catalyst. The effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst loading, and the amounts of water and antioxidants on the cis-trans isomerization have been systematically investigated. The results indicate that the amount of water (0–20 wt %) and antioxidants (0–200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on this cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids in edible oils. The final products (trans fats) from the cis-trans isomerization reaction were characterized by both GC and React IR. The yield of trans double bonds from the isomerized fat can reach 79.6% after heating at 100 oC for 90 min without changing either the location of the double bonds or the degree of unsaturation. In addition, this convenient method has been applied to various vegetable oils (e.g., olive oil, camellia seed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil) and nearly 80.0% yields of TFA were generated, which shows a promising method to provide trans-fat products for research related to oleo and food chemistry.

ACTION OF ANTIMETHANOGENIC AGENTS ON DIURNAL PATTERNS OF FERMENTATION ACTIVITY, LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AND PROTOZOA COUNT IN CATTLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. WOOD ◽  
E. D. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fistulated Holstein steers were used to determine the diurnal pattern of rumen fermentation activity, soluble carbohydrate concentration, protozoa count and the concentration of long-chain fatty acids in rumen fluid when corn oil, tallow or bromochloromethane (BCM) were included in the diet. There were differences (P < 0.05) between diets in fermentation action (control + BCM > basal + tallow > control > basal + corn oil diet). The soluble carbohydrate concentration followed a similar pattern. Diet did not affect the total protozoa count, but influenced the diurnal pattern. The holotrich protozoa count was converse to that of the oligotrich group, the highest count for holotrichs coinciding with the highest concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The diurnal pattern of total unsaturated fatty acids when steers received the basal + corn oil diet was inverse to that of the basal + tallow diet. The occurrence of comparable concentrations of unsaturated fat in the rumen digesta, but at different times before and after feeding, suggests that both fats affect methane suppression by a similar mechanism but at different stages of fermentation activity. The uptake of soluble carbohydrate by holotrich protozoa appears to have a role in reducing the quantity fermented by bacteria to produce methane.

scholarly journals Utilization of different vegetable oil sources in diets and the fat acids profile in the growing rabbits meat1

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Andréa Barbosa ◽  
C. Scapinello ◽  
N.E. Souza ◽  
M.A.A.F. Barbosa ◽  
Daniela Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
The Right

To evaluate the addition of 3% of C.A.N.O.L.A. oil, corn oil and soybean oil to the diets on the chemical composition of rabbits meat, 100 animals were slaughtered, among them 20 with 35 days old and 40 animals with 50 and 70 days old. The slaughtered animals with 35 days old were from broods whose mothers, since the birth received the same experimental diets evaluated after 70 days old. After the slaughter, the right leg meat of each animal was collected and, in each group, receiving the respective experimental diets, were grouped in three composed samples to posterior chemical analysis. The experimental design was in factorial scheme 4x3 (four diets versus three ages) with three replication and 36 analyzed samples. The fatty acids profile deposited in the meat reflects the composition in the experimental diet. The oil addition to the diets, independent of the source decreased the saturated fatty acids level and increased the unsaturated fatty acids in the rabbits meat with the age advance. Particularly, the diet with C.A.N.O.L.A. oil provided the meat with higher monounsaturated fatty acids level and ?3 and lower ?6, resulting in the lower ?6: ?3 ratio.

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