A COMMENT ON THE NUTRITIONAL GROUPING OF SOIL BACTERIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Sundman ◽  
Gunnel Calberg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Isolates

Bacterial isolates (512), mostly from forest soil, were studied by nutritional grouping methods. When glucose (the customary carbon source) was augmented with lactate, glycerol, acetate, and citrate, about 17% more organisms were able to develop in media containing mineral nitrogen.

Biodegradation of organophosphorus Pollutants by Soil Bacteria: Biochemical Aspects and Unsolved Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
T.V. Shushkova ◽  
D.O. Epiktetov ◽  
S.V. Tarlachkov ◽  
I.T. Ermakova ◽  
A.A. Leontievskii
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Activity Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

The degradation of persistent organophosphorus pollutants have been studied in 6 soil bacterial isolates and in 3 bacterial strains adapted for utilization of glyphosate herbicide (GP) under laboratory conditions. Significant differences in the uptake of organophosphonates were found in taxonomically close strains possessing similar enzymatic pathways of catabolism of these compounds, which indicates the existence of unknown mechanisms of activity regulation of these enzymes. The effect of adaptation for GP utilization as a sole phosphorus source on assimilation rates of several other phosphonates was observed in studied bacteria. The newly found efficient stains provided up to 56% of GP decomposition after application to the soil in the laboratory. The unresolved problems of microbial GP metabolism and the trends for further research on the creation of reliable biologicals capable of decomposing organophosphonates in the environment are discussed. organophosphonates, glyphosate, biodegradation, bioremediation, C-P lyase, phosphonatase, degrading bacteria Investigation of phosphonatase and genome sequencing were supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant no. 18-074-00021.

scholarly journals Dynamics of mineral nitrogen in the gray forest soil under malt barley on the background of mineral fertilizers in the forest steppe of the east Prisayan

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Viktor Grebenshchikov ◽  
Nikolay Tyutrin ◽  
Vasily Verkhoturov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Heavy Particle ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Moisture Regime

The content of mineral nitrogen was studied when it was applied at a dose of 60 kg / ha on gray forest soil of heavy particle- size distribution at various levels of phosphorus-potassium nutrition in field experiments with barley. Fertilizer doses were determined by the normative method according to the CINAS method for a planned yield of 3 t / ha. It was shown that the dynamics of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen depended on the moisture regime during the vegetation period. With excessive moisture, nitrate nitrogen, with its initial content of 4-5 mg / kg, is not detected in the arable layer by the middle of the growing season, and with a moisture deficit, less dynamism is noted. It is found in an amount of 5-7 mg / kg by the end of vegetation. The N – NH4 + dynamics turned out to be less pronounced. With an excess of moisture, its content increased to 15.6 mg / kg, and with a deficit, it decreased more than by four times from the maximum during the vegetation. In general, the content of mineral nitrogen in gray forest soil is highly dynamic, which depends on the moisture regime and the nature of its consumption by barley.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacterial Isolates From Soil Samples on Bisphenol A

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Dr.Neihaya Heikmat Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Triazine Ring ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
End Products ◽  
Proteus Penneri

Twenty five samples were collected from the soil around the Tigris River from different locations in Iraqi cities, and 45 bacterial isolates were obtained. Three of these isolates were further tested for their degrading capacity of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Basal Mineral Medium, included: Pseudomonas orizohibtanis, Escherishia coli and Proteus penneri. The optimal temperature for the removal of BPA was determined at 20˚C, 37˚ and 45˚C for 1, 5, and 15 days, and the degradation increased up to a temperature of 37°C. Growth test was performed on isolated bacteria with BisPhenol A as the sole carbon source, and with increasing incubation time, the culture grew almost linearly to 24 hours. BPA decreased after 1days after incubating with tested bacterial isolates, and almost broken after 5 days, while it disappeared after 15 days at 37C, and Pseudomonas orizohibtanis exhibited the best degradation of BPA. The absorbance peaks in the UV region appeared at 222 and 276 nm and attributed to the benzene ring and triazine ring respectively. The end products of BPA degradation were analyzed by GCMS after 15 days of incubation. The chromatogram for Pseudomanas orizohibtanis showed three peaks at retention times of 70, 210 and 280 min, and referred to hexasiloxane, heptasiloxane, and Octasiloxane respectively. The present study was aimed to isolate bacteria from the soil of the Tigris River, and determined the ability to degrade Bisphenol-A, and characterized the environmental conditions of bacterial growth, and then analysis the products of the degradation by GC-MS.

scholarly journals Carbon source utilization and hydrogen production by isolated anaerobic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jame ◽  
V. Zelená ◽  
B. Lakatoš ◽  
Ľ. Varečka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Sheep Rumen

Abstract Five bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to generate hydrogen during anaerobic fermentation with various carbon sources. One isolate from sheep rumen was identified as Escherichia coli and four isolates belonged to Clostridium spp. Glucose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, lactose and cellobiose were used as carbon sources. Results showed that all bacterial strains could utilize these compounds, although the utilization of pentoses diminished growth yield. The excretion of monocarboxylic acids (acetate, propionate, formiate, butyrate) into medium was changed after replacing glucose by other carbon sources. Di- and tricarboxylic acids were excreted in negligible amounts only. Spectra of excreted carboxylic acids were unique for each strain and all carbon sources. All isolates produced H2 between 4—9 mmol·L−1 during the stationary phase of growth with glucose as energy source. This value was dramatically reduced when pentoses were used as carbon source. Lactose and cellobiose, starch and cellulose were suitable substrates for the H2 production in some but not all isolates. No H2 was produced by proteinaceous substrate, such as blood. Results show that both substrate utilization and physiological responses (growth, excretion of carboxylates, H2 production) are unique functions of each isolate.

scholarly journals Carbon Use Efficiency and Its Temperature Sensitivity Covary in Soil Bacteria

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Pold ◽  
Luiz A. Domeignoz-Horta ◽  
Eric W. Morrison ◽  
Serita D. Frey ◽  
Seeta A. Sistla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Carbon Use Efficiency ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Warming World

ABSTRACT The strategy that microbial decomposers take with respect to using substrate for growth versus maintenance is one essential biological determinant of the propensity of carbon to remain in soil. To quantify the environmental sensitivity of this key physiological trade-off, we characterized the carbon use efficiency (CUE) of 23 soil bacterial isolates across seven phyla at three temperatures and with up to four substrates. Temperature altered CUE in both an isolate-specific manner and a substrate-specific manner. We searched for genes correlated with the temperature sensitivity of CUE on glucose and deemed those functional genes which were similarly correlated with CUE on other substrates to be validated as markers of CUE. Ultimately, we did not identify any such robust functional gene markers of CUE or its temperature sensitivity. However, we found a positive correlation between rRNA operon copy number and CUE, opposite what was expected. We also found that inefficient taxa increased their CUE with temperature, while those with high CUE showed a decrease in CUE with temperature. Together, our results indicate that CUE is a flexible parameter within bacterial taxa and that the temperature sensitivity of CUE is better explained by observed physiology than by genomic composition across diverse taxa. We conclude that the bacterial CUE response to temperature and substrate is more variable than previously thought. IMPORTANCE Soil microbes respond to environmental change by altering how they allocate carbon to growth versus respiration—or carbon use efficiency (CUE). Ecosystem and Earth System models, used to project how global soil C stocks will continue to respond to the climate crisis, often assume that microbes respond homogeneously to changes in the environment. In this study, we quantified how CUE varies with changes in temperature and substrate quality in soil bacteria and evaluated why CUE characteristics may differ between bacterial isolates and in response to altered growth conditions. We found that bacterial taxa capable of rapid growth were more efficient than those limited to slow growth and that taxa with high CUE were more likely to become less efficient at higher temperatures than those that were less efficient to begin with. Together, our results support the idea that the CUE temperature response is constrained by both growth rate and CUE and that this partly explains how bacteria acclimate to a warming world.

UTILIZATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY ARTHROBACTER SPP.

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Aromatic Substrates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Different Soils

Bacterial isolates from a number of different soils were screened by growth observation and microscopic examination for Arthrobacter spp. Incidence of arthrobacter in the total population varied, but averaged around 15% in the soils investigated. One hundred and thirty arthrobacter isolates were tested for their ability to utilize aromatic hydrocarbons as their sole carbon source. Seventy-seven percent of these organisms were able to grow on at least two aromatic substrates and many were capable of growth on a wide range of these compounds. Nutritional studies indicated that arthrobacter with simple requirements were able to utilize the greatest number of aromatic hydrocarbons as their sole carbon source. The ability of the arthrobacter to metabolize aromatic compounds is discussed in terms of their possible role in the formation and turnover of residual soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Impact of Logging and Forest Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations on Soil Bacterial Communities in Borneo

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 7290-7297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Lee-Cruz ◽  
David P. Edwards ◽  
Binu M. Tripathi ◽  
Jonathan M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Soil Bacterial

ABSTRACTTropical forests are being rapidly altered by logging and cleared for agriculture. Understanding the effects of these land use changes on soil bacteria, which constitute a large proportion of total biodiversity and perform important ecosystem functions, is a major conservation frontier. Here we studied the effects of logging history and forest conversion to oil palm plantations in Sabah, Borneo, on the soil bacterial community. We used paired-end Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, V3 region, to compare the bacterial communities in primary, once-logged, and twice-logged forest and land converted to oil palm plantations. Bacteria were grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 97% similarity level, and OTU richness and local-scale α-diversity showed no difference between the various forest types and oil palm plantations. Focusing on the turnover of bacteria across space, true β-diversity was higher in oil palm plantation soil than in forest soil, whereas community dissimilarity-based metrics of β-diversity were only marginally different between habitats, suggesting that at large scales, oil palm plantation soil could have higher overall γ-diversity than forest soil, driven by a slightly more heterogeneous community across space. Clearance of primary and logged forest for oil palm plantations did, however, significantly impact the composition of soil bacterial communities, reflecting in part the loss of some forest bacteria, whereas primary and logged forests did not differ in composition. Overall, our results suggest that the soil bacteria of tropical forest are to some extent resilient or resistant to logging but that the impacts of forest conversion to oil palm plantations are more severe.

scholarly journals Salix purpurea and Eleocharis obtusa Rhizospheres Harbor a Diverse Rhizospheric Bacterial Community Characterized by Hydrocarbons Degradation Potentials and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Fahad Alotaibi ◽  
Soon-Jae Lee ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud ◽  
Mohamed Hijri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Phytoremediation, a method of phytomanagement using the plant holobiont to clean up polluted soils, is particularly effective for degrading organic pollutants. However, the respective contributions of host plants and their associated microbiota within the holobiont to the efficiency of phytoremediation is poorly understood. The identification of plant-associated bacteria capable of efficiently utilizing these compounds as a carbon source while stimulating plant-growth is a keystone for phytomanagement engineering. In this study, we sampled the rhizosphere and the surrounding bulk soil of Salixpurpurea and Eleocharis obusta from the site of a former petrochemical plant in Varennes, QC, Canada. Our objectives were to: (i) isolate and identify indigenous bacteria inhabiting these biotopes; (ii) assess the ability of isolated bacteria to utilize alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) as the sole carbon source, and (iii) determine the plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of the isolates using five key traits. A total of 438 morphologically different bacterial isolates were obtained, purified, preserved and identified through PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Identified isolates represent 62 genera. Approximately, 32% of bacterial isolates were able to utilize all five different hydrocarbons compounds. Additionally, 5% of tested isolates belonging to genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Microbacterium, Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas possessed all five of the tested PGP functional traits. This culture collection of diverse, petroleum-hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, with multiple PGP traits, represents a valuable resource for future use in environmental bio- and phyto-technology applications.

scholarly journals Paranodules and colonization of wheat roots by phytohormone producing bacteria in soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Narula ◽  
A. Deubel ◽  
W. Gans ◽  
R.K. Behl ◽  
W. Merbach
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Shoot Weight

Soil bacteria belonging to the genus Azotobacter, Pantoea and some unidentified soil isolates were tested in vitro for phytohormone production under laboratory and soil conditions. The German wheat variety Munk was inoculated by several soil bacteria with exogenously applied hormones (IAA, 2,4-D) and a flavonoid(naringenin) with a half of the amount of recommended doses of fertilizers under greenhouse conditions. Most of the soil bacteria tested were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), and stimulated a lateral root development and colonization by the addition of 2,4-D and IAA. A formation of paranodules on roots as a result of crack entry invasion was observed with 2,4-D as well as with IAA. We were able to reisolate the organism from the paranodules and could establish the same results. Analyses for root exudates and in vitro phytohormone production by various bacterial isolates were also carried out, revealing that 2,4-D can be replaced either by high IAA producing bacteria or by exogenous application of IAA. Bacterial survival in the rhizosphere as well as the root and shoot weight of wheat plants were positively affected also by the addition of IAA, 2,4-D and naringenin.

scholarly journals A Previously Unexposed Forest Soil Microbial Community Degrades High Levels of the Pollutant 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 7567-7570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sánchez ◽  
M. Vásquez ◽  
B. González
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Aerobic Soil

ABSTRACT 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a hazardous pollutant that is efficiently degraded by some aerobic soil bacterial isolates under laboratory conditions. The degradation of this pollutant in soils and its effect on the soil microbial community are poorly understood. We report here the ability of a previously unexposed forest soil microbiota to degrade high levels of 2,4,6-TCP and describe the changes in the soil microbial community found by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. After 30 days of incubation, about 50% degradation of this pollutant was observed in soils amended with 50 to 5,000 ppm of 2,4,6-TCP. The T-RFLP analysis showed that the soil bacterial community was essentially unchanged after exposure to up to 500 ppm of 2,4,6-TCP. However, a significant decrease in richness was found with 2,000 and 5,000 ppm of 2,4,6-TCP, even though the removal of this pollutant remained high. The introduction of Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 or R. eutropha MS1, two efficient 2,4,6-TCP degraders, to this soil did not improve degradation of this pollutant, supporting the significant bioremediation potential of this previously unexposed, endogenous forest soil microbial community.

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