THE CARBON AND NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CERTAIN FUNGI

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan M. Yusef ◽  
Magid E. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Carbon nutrition of Chaetomium sp., Myrothecium verrucaria, Pestalotia gracilis, and Pleurotus ostreatus was studied. Nitrogen nutrition was also examined with Nigrospora oryzae included. The effect of C/N ratio on fruiting was measured for the first four fungi. Several carbon sources including alcohols, carbohydrates, and organic acids were tested; in general, dextrin and L-arabinose were the most favorable for growth, starch was less so, whereas sodium acetate and sodium citrate were the least favorable. Maltose supported good sporulation of M. verrucaria, P. gracilis, and P. ostreatus. Organic nitrogen was superior to inorganic nitrogen for growth of M. verrucaria, N. oryzae, and P. ostreatus. The opposite was noticed for Chaetomium sp. and P. gracilis. Not all could grow on sodium nitrite at the concentration used nor sporulate on DL-methionine or ammonium sulfate. The best sporulation of P. gracilis was obtained with the maximum glucose and nitrate concentrations used (4% and 1% respectively), whereas the minimum concentrations (0.1 and 0.05% respectively) were best for the sporulation of P. ostreatus. Chaetomium sp. and M. verrucaria fruited best on intermediate concentrations of glucose and nitrate.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and carbon sources on the production of inulinase from strain Bacillus sp. SG113

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Simeon Gavrailov ◽  
Viara Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Abstract The effects of the carbon and nitrogen substrates on the growth of Bacillus sp. SG113 strain were studied. The use of organic nitrogen sources (peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, casein) leads to rapid cellular growth and the best results for the Bacillus strain were obtained with casein hydrolysate. From the inorganic nitrogen sources studied, the (NH4) 2SO4 proved to be the best nitrogen source. Casein hydrolysate and (NH4) 2SO4 stimulated the invertase synthesis. In the presence of Jerusalem artichoke, onion and garlic extracts as carbon sources the strain synthesized from 6 to 10 times more inulinase.

Significance of External Carbon Sources on Simultaneous Removal of Nutrients from Wastewater

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Y. Tam ◽  
Y. S. Wong ◽  
G. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Effective Source

Laboratory-scale studies were undertaken to examine the effects of easily-biodegradable organic substances upon the nutrient removal by a simulated sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The fill and react period of the SBR was 14 hours, including an instant fill, 7 hours aeration, 4 hours anoxic and 3 hours aeration period. Three kinds of commonly used carbon sources, namely methanol, glucose and sodium acetate, at the concentrations equivalent to theoretical COD values of 50, 100 and 150 mg O2 l-1 were added to each reactor prior to the anoxic stage. The results showed that the concentration of NH4+-N dropped from its initial 50 to 18 mg l-1 (64 % removal) during the first aeration period, with the NO3−-N content increased from 2 to 33 mg l−1. A 60% depletion of COD was also recorded in this period. Denitrification occurred during the anoxic period, higher amount of NO3−1-N was removed in the reactors supplemented with carbon substrates at the concentrations of 100 and 150 mg l-1. The final inorganic nitrogen content was less than 5 mg l-1 in the reactor supplemented with 150 mg l-1 sodium acetate. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus was reported in reactors supplied with high concentration of sodium acetate. In these reactors, large amount of P was released during the anoxic/anaerobic period but the released P was taken up by bacterial cells in the subsequent aeration stage, and the final P content was less than 1.5 mg l-1 (84 % removal was achieved). Among the three carbon sources used, sodium acetate was the most efficient and effective source in removing wastewater nutrients, followed by methanol, and glucose was the least reliable substrate.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Sereen Gul ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Asim Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

scholarly journals Nutritional influences on Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex. Fr.) Sing. growth in Puerto Rico. I. Carbon and nitrogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Ramón I. Torres ◽  
Paul R. Hepperly
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Straw Mushroom ◽  
Nutritional Influences ◽  
Vigorous Growth

Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the growth of a Puerto Rican strain of the straw mushroom Volvariella volvacea on diverse carbon and nitrogen sources at variable carbon/nitrogen (c:n) ratios. Of the carbon sources (cornstarch, cellulose, maltose and lactose), cornstarch and cellulose supported the most vigorous growth. No growth was observed on lactose and maltose. Urea, sodium nitrate, peptone and casein were tested as nitrogen sources at C:N ratios of ∞:1, 60:1, 30:1 and 15:1 with cornstarch as the sole carbon source. The 60:1 C:N ratio stimulated faster growth. Nitrogen sources urea and sodium nitrate did not support growth. Organic nitrogen sources, casein and peptone, stimulated the growth of V. volvacea, with the faster growth on casein.

scholarly journals The Coupling of Carbon and Nitrogen in Response to Variable NH4+/ NO3- Ratios in Brassica Napus Plantlets in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyan Zhang ◽  
Yanyou Wu ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Haitao Li
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ammonium Assimilation ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract BackgroundPlantlets grown in vitro with a mixed nitrogen source utilize sucrose and CO2 as carbon sources for growth. However, it is very difficult to obtain the correct proportion of assimilated nitrate, ammonium, sucrose and CO2 for plantlets. Consequently, the NH4+/NO3- use efficiency for carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2 is still unclear for plantlets. ResultsThe bidirectional stable nitrogen isotope tracer technique was employed to quantify the proportions of nitrate and ammonium utilized at different NH4+/ NO3- ratios, and the proportions of sucrose and CO2 assimilation were quantified by the foliar δ13C values of plantlets. There was an obvious difference in the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium under different NH4+/NO3- ratios for Brassica napus (Bn) plantlets. Increasing the supply of nitrate contributed to enhancing the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium simultaneously. The nitrate utilization coefficients of the Bn plantlets had no distinct change with increasing nitrate concentration, while the ammonium utilization coefficients of the Bn plantlets increased obviously with increasing nitrate concentration. The proportion of sucrose/CO2 assimilation depended on the NH4+/NO3- ratios of the Bn plantlets. Both nitrate and ammonium assimilation were independent of sucrose/CO2 assimilation. Based on the proportion of CO2, sucrose, nitrate and ammonium utilization, the nitrate/ammonium use efficiency (as indicated by the C/N ratio) for carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2 can be quantified for Bn plantlets.ConclusionsQuantifying the utilization proportions of nitrate and ammonium can reveal the difference in nitrate and ammonium utilization among plantlets at different NH4+/NO3- ratios. Foliar δ13C value in combination of the foliar δ15N value of plantlets can be used to quantify the nitrate/ammonium use efficiency for the carbon fixation derived from the assimilation of sucrose/CO2, which contributes to knowing the coupling process of carbon and nitrogen in plantlets and provides an alternate way to optimize the supply of inorganic nitrogen in culture media.

Sporulation of Gibberella zeae. III. Carbon and nitrogen nutrition on growth and macroconidium production

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Bonn ◽  
R. A. Cappellini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The Media

Differences in growth rates and macroconidium production occurred between shake and standing cultures of a non-sporulating strain of Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch. Good growth occurred on all carbon sources except lactose, acetate, citrate, and α-ketoglutarate, and on all nitrogen sources except NaNO2. The pH of the media changed during growth, dropping to about 3 with the sugar and rising to about 9 with the organic acid and nitrogen sources. Little or no sporulation was observed in standing cultures. Sugars appeared to inhibit, and tricarboxylic cycle acids, aspartic acid, and phenylalanine stimulated sporulation.

Carbon and nitrogen budgets of two Ascidians and their symbiont, Prochloron, in a tropical seagrass meadow

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Koike ◽  
M Yamamuro ◽  
PC Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Seagrass Meadow ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Nitrogen Budgets ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Surrounding Environment

Two species of ascidian, Didemnum molle Herdman and Lissoclinum voeltzkowi Michaelsen, were collected from a Fijian seagrass meadow. The primary production of their symbiont (Prochloron), the inorganic nitrogen metabolism and the filtration rate were measured to assess the nutritional coupling between the symbiont and the host animal. The loss of organic carbon due to the respiration of D. molle (1.1 �g at. C (mg dry wt)-1 day-1) was greater than that supplied through photosynthesis of the Prochloron (0.69 �g at. C (mg dry wt)-1 day,-1). The carbon supplied through filter-feeding appeared to supplement the ascidian's carbon budget. In contrast, organic carbon from the Prochloron of L. voeltzkowi appeared to meet the colony's respiration needs. The nitrogen budgets of both ascidian colonies were estimated from their respiration rates, the nitrogen requirement of the Prochloron, and the uptake of inorganic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen uptake from the water column. The nitrogen incorporated from the surrounding environment could contribute to the net nitrogen gain of the colony. However, our estimate of the nitrogen needed by the Prochloron was much greater than that which could be supplied externally. The amount of nitrogen released by the ascidians was also greater than that which could be supplied externally. This suggests that nitrogen is efficiently recycled within the symbiotic Prochloron-ascidian relationship.

The Influence of Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrition on Growth and Sterolinduced Sexuality of Pythium sp. PRL 2142

Mycologia ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Child ◽  
G. Defago ◽  
R. H. Haskins
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

scholarly journals Production of Feruloyl Esterase from Aspergillus niger by Solid-State Fermentation on Different Carbon Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Ou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Feruloyl Esterase ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Maize Bran

A mixture of wheat bran with maize bran as a carbon source and addition of (NH4)SO4 as nitrogen source was found to significantly increase production of feruloyl esterase (FAE) enzyme compared with wheat bran as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. The optimal conditions in conical flasks were carbon source (30 g) to water 1 : 1, maize bran to wheat bran 1 : 2, (NH4)SO4 1.2 g and MgSO4 70 mg. Under these conditions, FAE activity was 7.68 mU/g. The FAE activity on the mixed carbon sources showed, high activity against the plant cell walls contained in the cultures.

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