Interspecific relationships of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus sp.: isolation and comparison of plasmids determining tetracycline resistance in S. aureus and S. epidermidis

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Groves
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Dna Homology ◽  
Reference Plasmid ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis was confirmed to be determined by plasmids of the same size. Digestion of plasmids from each strain with restriction endonucleases EcoRl, HindIII, and AluI showed a high degree of similarity in their DNA sequences. At least 10 cleavage sites which appear to be common to both plasmids were detected. An additional three cleavage sites appear to be unique to the S. epidermidis plasmid. Further, a survey of recent clinical isolates of tetracycline-resistant staphylococci detected 7 of 10 S. aureus strains and 8 of 9 S. epidermidis strains with plasmids which were of similar size to the purified reference plasmids and which, by hybridization, showed extensive DNA homology to the S. aureus reference plasmid DNA.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Pasteurized Cheese Commercialized in Panama City Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fermín Mejía ◽  
Nohelia Castro-del Campo ◽  
Arleny García ◽  
Katerine Rodríguez ◽  
Humberto Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Panama City ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
High Degree

Foodborne bacteria, with a high degree of antibiotic resistance, play an important role in the morbidity and mortality of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. Among 250 disease-causing bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of food poisoning, and its resistance to multiple antimicrobials remains of crucial concern. Cheese is often contaminated when proper sanitary procedures are not followed during its production and marketing. This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of pasteurized white cheese commercialized in Panama City. Cheese from five different brands sold in local supermarkets were selected to determine the presence of S. aureus as well as its antibiotic resistance profile. The results showed significant contamination of S. aureus with a geometric median sample of 104–107 CFU/g. Four out of five (4/5) cheese brands analyzed presented risk of food poisoning by exceeding the allowed range of consumption with a geometric median sample of 1,8 × 106–1,4 × 107 CFU/g. Fourteen different resistance phenotypes were found. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the analyzed strains were resistant to erythromycin. The data confirm a relatively high prevalence and high levels of S. aureus, most likely originated during handling in Panama City retail markets. Further studies are needed to reduce bacterial contamination and to decrease the risk of food poisoning in the consumption of pasteurized cheese.

Characterization of staphylococci contaminating automated teller machines in Hong Kong

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZHANG ◽  
M. O'DONONGHUE ◽  
M. V. BOOST
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Resistance Determinants

SUMMARYEnvironmental staphylococcal contamination was investigated by culture of 400 automated teller machines (ATMs). Isolates were characterized for antibiotic and antiseptic susceptibility, carriage of antiseptic resistance genes (QAC genes), and spa types. MRSA, which was similar to local clinical isolates, was present on two (0·5%) of the 62 (15·5%) ATMs that yielded Staphylococcus aureus. QAC genes were more common in coagulase-negative staphylococci (qacA/B 26·0%, smr 14%) than S. aureus (11·3% qacA/B, 1·6% smr). QAC-positive isolates had significantly higher minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations to benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate. QAC gene presence was significantly associated with methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Survival of staphylococci, including MRSA, on common access sites may be facilitated by low disinfectant concentrations, which select for disinfectant-tolerant strains, while co-selecting for antibiotic-resistance determinants. Disinfection procedures should be performed correctly to help prevent spread of resistant pathogens from reservoirs in the community.

scholarly journals Half a century of stable antibiotic resistance in livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus and its dynamic readaptation to humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Matuszewska ◽  
Gemma G. R. Murray ◽  
Xiaoliang Ba ◽  
Rhiannon Wood ◽  
Mark A Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Type V ◽  
Human Infections

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) often carry genes that benefit their bacterial hosts. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MGEs have been associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence, and host adaptation. Clonal-complex (CC) 398 is the dominant MRSA in European livestock, and a growing cause of human infections. To understand the risk posed by livestock-associated MRSA to human health, we have used a collection of 1,180 CC398 genomes, sampled from several livestock species and humans, with a broad geographic distribution and spanning 27 years, to reconstruct the dynamics of the MGEs. We find that the emergence of livestock-associated CC398 coincided with the acquisition of a Tn916 transposon carrying a tetracycline resistance gene, which has been stably vertically inherited for 57 years. This was followed by the acquisition of a large SCCmec type V element that carries methicillin, tetracycline and heavy metal resistance genes. This has been maintained within livestock-associated CC398 for at least 35 years, with occasional truncations and replacements with other, smaller type IV SCCmec elements. In contrast, a class of prophages that carry a human immune-evasion gene cluster, that are largely absent from livestock-associated CC398, have been repeatedly gained and lost across both human- and livestock-associated CC398. The variable dynamics of these three MGEs means that when livestock-associated MRSA infects humans, re-adaptation to the human host outpaces the loss of antibiotic resistance. Moreover, the stability of both Tn916 and SCCmec suggests that they may persist despite ongoing reductions in antibiotic and zinc oxide use in farming.

scholarly journals Time-Scaled Evolutionary Analysis of the Transmission and Antibiotic Resistance Dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (23) ◽  
pp. 7275-7282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ward ◽  
C. L. Gibbons ◽  
P. R. McAdam ◽  
B. A. D. van Bunnik ◽  
E. K. Girvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Gain And Loss

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusclonal complex 398 (CC398) is associated with disease in humans and livestock, and its origins and transmission have generated considerable interest. We performed a time-scaled phylogenetic analysis of CC398, including sequenced isolates from the United Kingdom (Scotland), along with publicly available genomes. Using state-of-the-art methods for mapping traits onto phylogenies, we quantified transitions between host species to identify sink and source populations for CC398 and employed a novel approach to investigate the gain and loss of antibiotic resistance in CC398 over time. We identified distinct human- and livestock-associated CC398 clades and observed multiple transmissions of CC398 from livestock to humans and between countries, lending quantitative support to previous reports. Of note, we identified a subclade within the livestock-associated clade comprised of isolates from hospital environments and newborn babies, suggesting that livestock-associated CC398 is capable of onward transmission in hospitals. In addition, our analysis revealed significant differences in the dynamics of resistance to methicillin and tetracycline related to contrasting historical patterns of antibiotic usage between the livestock industry and human medicine. We also identified significant differences in patterns of gain and loss of different tetracycline resistance determinants, which we ascribe to epistatic interactions between the resistance genes and/or differences in the modes of inheritance of the resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yapsin 3, a new member of the yapsin family of aspartic proteases encoded by the YPS3 gene

1999 ◽  
Vol 339 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki OLSEN ◽  
Niamh X. CAWLEY ◽  
Jakob BRANDT ◽  
Michi EGEL-MITANI ◽  
Y. Peng LOH
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cleavage Sites ◽  
Basic Residue ◽  
Aspartic Proteases ◽  
N Terminus ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

A new aspartic protease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a high degree of similarity with yapsin 1 and yapsin 2 and a specificity for basic residue cleavage sites of prohormones, has been cloned. This enzyme was named yapsin 3. Expression of a C-terminally truncated non-membrane anchored yapsin 3 in yeast yielded a heterogeneous protein between 135–200 kDa which, upon treatment with endoglycosidase H, migrated as a 60 kDa form. Amino-acid analysis of the N-terminus of expressed yapsin 3 revealed two different N-terminal residues, serine-48 and phenylalanine-54, which followed a dibasic and a monobasic residue respectively. Cleavage of several prohormones by non-anchored yapsin 3 revealed a specificity distinct from that of yapsin 1.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of retail food and human Campylobacter isolates on the island of Ireland from 2001–2002

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1282-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. McGILL ◽  
D. COWLEY ◽  
L. MORAN ◽  
P. SCATES ◽  
A. O'LEARY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter isolates recovered from a range of retail food samples (n=374) and humans (n=314) to eight antimicrobial compounds were investigated. High levels of resistance in food C. jejuni isolates were observed for ceftiofur (58%), ampicillin (25%) and nalidixic acid (17%) with lower levels observed for streptomycin (7·9%) and chloramphenicol (8·3%). A total of 80% of human C. jejuni isolates were resistant to ceftiofur, while 17% showed resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid, 8·6% to streptomycin and 4·1% to chloramphenicol. Resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials such as erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was 6·7, 12, and 15% respectively for all food isolates and was similar to corresponding resistance prevalences observed for human isolates, where 6·4, 12 and 13% respectively were found to be resistant. Comparisons of C. jejuni isolates in each location showed a high degree of similarity although some regional variations did exist. Comparison of total C. jejuni and C. coli populations showed minor differences, with C. jejuni isolates more resistant to ampicillin and ceftiofur. Multidrug resistance patterns showed some profiles common to human and clinical isolates.

Instability of plasmid DNA sequences: Macro and micro evolution of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R6-5

1978 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth N. Timmis ◽  
Felipe Cabello ◽  
Isabel Andrés ◽  
Alfred Nordheim ◽  
Hans J. Burkhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Resistance Plasmid

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies based on multi-locus sequence typing genotype of methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from camel’s milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsagher O. Ali ◽  
Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Multi Locus Sequence Typing ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Camel's Milk ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

One hundred milk samples were collected from camel’s milk for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Thirty-one isolates were S. aureus, 45 were other forms of staphylococci and 24 represented other bacteria. Five isolates from S. aureus were methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 26 samples were methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The whole genome sequence of S. aureus was annotated and visualised by rapid annotation using subsystem technology (RAST) which is a fully-automated service for annotating complete or nearly complete bacterial genomes. Four isolates from MSSA strains were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Three multilocus sequences types or sequence types (MLST/ST) were found, namely ST15, ST1153 and ST130. The phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated sequences of the seven genes forming the MLST profile of S. aureus classification revealed a high degree of similarity and close relationship between the ST15 and ST1153 while the third ST (ST130) was located in a different cluster.

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